§84Ἤνεγκέ μοι Κλέων ἐπιστολὴν παρὰ σοῦ, ἐν ᾗ φιλοφρονούμενός τε περὶ ἡμᾶς διετέλεις ἀξίως τῆς ἡμετέρας περὶ σεαυτὸν σπουδῆς, καὶ οὐκ ἀπιθάνως ἐπειρῶ μνημονεύειν τῶν εἰς μακάριον βίον συντεινόντων διαλογισμῶν, ἐδέου τε σεαυτῷ περὶ τῶν μετεώρων σύντομον καὶ εὐπερίγραφον διαλογισμὸν ἀποστεῖλαι, ἵνα ῥᾳδίως μνημονεύῃς· τὰ γὰρ ἐν ἄλλοις ἡμῖν γεγραμμένα δυσμνημόνευτα εἶναι, καίτοι, ὡς ἔφης, συνεχῶς αὐτὰ βαστάζεις.
Cleon brought me a letter from you, in which you continued to show goodwill toward us, in a manner worthy of our devotion to you, and not unpersuasively tried to recall those reflections which contribute to a blessed life. You requested that a brief and well-defined summary concerning celestial phenomena be sent to you for your own sake, so that you might easily remember it; for, as you said, what we have written in our other works is difficult to remember, although, as you said, you carry them about with you constantly.
ἡμεῖς δὲ ἡδέως τέ σου τὴν δέησιν ἀπεδεξάμεθα καὶ ἐλπίσιν ἡδείαις συνεσχέθημεν.
We gladly accepted your request and were filled with pleasant hopes.
§85γράψαντες οὖν τὰ λοιπὰ πάντα συντελοῦμεν ἅπερ ἠξίωσας πολλοῖς καὶ ἄλλοις ἐσόμενα χρήσιμα τὰ διαλογίσματα ταῦτα, καὶ μάλιστα τοῖς νεωστὶ φυσιολογίας γνησίου γευομένοις καὶ τοῖς εἰς ἀσχολίας βαθυτέρας τῶν ἐγκυκλίων τινὸς ἐμπεπλεγμένοις.
Having written all the rest, we are now fulfilling what you requested, in the belief that these reflections will be useful to many others as well, and especially to those who have recently tasted genuine natural science and to those who are entangled in deeper occupations than any of the ordinary arts.
καλῶς δὴ αὐτὰ διάλαβε, καὶ διὰ μνήμης ἔχων ὀξέως αὐτὰ περιόδευε μετὰ τῶν λοιπῶν ὧν ἐν τῇ μικρᾷ ἐπιτομῇ πρὸς Ἡρόδοτον ἀπεστείλαμεν.
Therefore, grasp them well, and keeping them in mind, run through them quickly along with the other matters we sent in the small epitome to Herodotus.
Πρῶτον μὲν οὖν μὴ ἄλλο τι τέλος ἐκ τῆς περὶ μετεώρων γνώσεως εἴτε κατὰ συναφὴν λεγομένων εἴτε αὐτοτελῶς νομίζειν 〈δεῖ〉 εἶναι ἤπερ ἀταραξίαν καὶ πίστιν βέβαιον, καθάπερ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν λοιπῶν,
First of all, then, one must not think that there is any other end to be derived from the knowledge of celestial phenomena, whether they are spoken of in connection with other things or independently, than peace of mind and firm conviction, just as in the case of the rest.
§86〈καὶ〉 μήτε τὸ ἀδύνατον [καὶ] παραβιάζεσθαι μήτε ὁμοίαν κατὰ πάντα τὴν θεωρίαν ἔχειν ἢ τοῖς περὶ βίων λόγοις ἢ τοῖς κατὰ τὴν τῶν ἄλλων φυσικῶν προβλημάτων κάθαρσιν, οἷον ὅτι τὸ πᾶν σῶμα καὶ ἀναφὴς φύσις ἐστίν, ἢ ὅτι ἄτομα στοιχεῖα καὶ πάντα τὰ τοιαῦτα, [ἢ] ὅσα μοναχὴν ἔχει τοῖς φαινομένοις συμφωνίαν·
And one must neither force what is impossible nor maintain a view in all respects similar either to the discussions on ways of life, or to the solutions of other physical problems—such as that the universe is body and intangible nature, or that atoms are the elements, and all such things, which have only a single agreement with the phenomena.
ὅπερ ἐπὶ τῶν μετεώρων οὐχ ὑπάρχει, ἀλλὰ ταῦτά γε πλεοναχὴν ἔχει καὶ τῆς γενέσεως αἰτίαν καὶ τῆς οὐσίας ταῖς αἰσθήσεσι σύμφωνον κατηγορίαν.
But this is not the case with celestial phenomena; rather, these admit of multiple explanations both of their origin and of their essence, in statements consistent with sensory perception.
οὐ γὰρ κατὰ ἀξιώματα κενὰ καὶ νομοθεσίας φυσιολογητέον, ἀλλ’ ὡς τὰ φαινόμενα ἐκκαλεῖται·
For we must not study nature according to empty axioms and laws, but as the phenomena demand.
§87οὐ γὰρ ἰδιολογίας καὶ κενῆς δόξης ὁ βίος ἡμῶν ἔχει χρείαν, ἀλλὰ τοῦ ἀθορύβως ἡμᾶς ζῆν.
For our life has no need of idiosyncratic talk and empty opinion, but of our living without disturbance.
πάντα μὲν οὖν γίνεται ἀσείστως κατὰ πάντων κατὰ πλεοναχὸν τρόπον ἐκκαθαιρομένων συμφώνως τοῖς φαινομένοις, ὅταν τις τὸ πιθανολογούμενον ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν δεόντως καταλίπῃ·
Now, all things go on without shaking in all cases where explanations are cleared up in multiple ways in agreement with the phenomena, provided that one leaves what is plausibly said about them in its proper place.
ὅταν δέ τις τὸ μὲν ἀπολίπῃ, τὸ δὲ ἐκβάλῃ ὁμοίως σύμφωνον ὂν τῷ φαινομένῳ, δῆλον ὅτι καὶ ἐκ παντὸς ἐκπίπτει φυσιολογή ματος, ἐπὶ δὲ τὸν μῦθον καταρρεῖ.
But when one accepts one explanation and rejects another that is equally in agreement with the phenomenon, it is clear that he falls away from all scientific inquiry into nature and slips into myth.
σημεῖα δ’ ἐπὶ τῶν ἐν τοῖς μετεώροις συντελουμένων φέρει τῶν παρ’ ἡμῖν τινα φαινομένων, ἃ θεωρεῖται ᾗ ὑπάρχει· καὶ οὐ τὰ ἐν τοῖς μετεώροις φαινόμενα· ταῦτα γὰρ ἐνδέχεται πλεοναχῶς γίνεσθαι.
And we must take as signs of what is accomplished in celestial phenomena some of the phenomena around us, which are observed as they actually are, and not the phenomena of the celestial things themselves; for these latter may occur in multiple ways.
§88τὸ μέντοι φάντασμα ἑκάστου τηρητέον καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ συναπτόμενα τούτῳ διαιρετέον, ἃ οὐκ ἀντιμαρτυρεῖται τοῖς παρ’ ἡμῖν γινομένοις πλεοναχῶς συντελεῖσθαι.
Nevertheless, the appearance of each thing must be observed, and we must distinguish it into those connected elements which are not contradicted by what happens in our own experience as being accomplished in multiple ways.
Κόσμος ἐστὶ περιοχή τις οὐρανοῦ, ἄστρα τε καὶ γῆν καὶ πάντα τὰ φαινόμενα περιέχουσα, ἀποτομὴν ἔχουσα ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀπείρου καὶ [κατα]λήγουσα ἐν πέρατι ἢ ἀραιῷ ἢ πυκνῷ καὶ οὗ λυομένου πάντα τὰ ἐν αὐτῷ σύγχυσιν λήψεται —, [καὶ λήγουσαν] ἢ ἐν περιαγομένῳ ἢ ἐν στάσιν ἔχοντι καὶ στρογγύλην ἢ τρίγωνον ἢ οἵαν δήποτε περιγραφήν·
A world is a certain encompassing of heaven, containing stars and earth and all phenomena, having a cut-off from the infinite and ending in a boundary, either rare or dense, at whose dissolution all things within it will fall into confusion—and ending either in what is rotating or in what is at rest, and having a round or triangular or any other shape.
πανταχῶς γὰρ ἐνδέχεται· τῶν γὰρ φαινομένων οὐδὲν ἀντιμαρτυρεῖ 〈ἐν〉 τῷδε τῷ κόσμῳ, ἐν ᾧ λῆγον οὐκ ἔστι καταλαβεῖν.
For this is possible in every way, since none of the phenomena in this world contradicts it, in which world a limit is not to be grasped.
§89Ὅτι δὲ καὶ τοιοῦτοι κόσμοι εἰσὶν ἄπειροι τὸ πλῆθος ἔστι καταλαβεῖν, καὶ ὅτι καὶ ὁ τοιοῦτος δύνεται κόσμος γίνεσθαι (καὶ ἐν κὀσμῳ καὶ μετακοσμίῳ, ὃ λέγομεν μεταξὺ κόσμων διάστημα) ἐν πολυκένῳ τόπῳ καὶ οὐκ ἐν μεγάλῳ εἰλικρινεῖ καὶ κενῷ, καθάπερ τινές φασιν, ἐπιτηδείων τινῶν σπερμάτων ῥυέντων ἀφ’ ἑνὸς κόσμου ἢ μετακοσμίου ἢ ἀπὸ πλειόνων κατὰ μικρὸν προσθέσεις τε καὶ διαρθρώσεις καὶ μεταστάσεις ποιούντων ἐπ’ ἄλλον τόπον, ἐὰν οὕτω τύχῃ, καὶ ἐπαρδεύσεις ἐκ τῶν ἐχόντων ἐπιτηδείως ἕως τελειώσεως καὶ διαμονῆς ἐφ’ ὅσον τὰ ὑποβληθέντα θεμέλια
Moreover, that such worlds are infinite in number is possible to grasp, and that such a world can come into being (both within a world and in an interworld, which we call the space between worlds) in a place with much void, and not in a vast, unmixed, empty space, as some say, through certain suitable seeds flowing from one world or interworld, or from several, gradually effecting additions, articulations, and movements to another place, if it so happen, and supplies from those that are suitably situated, until completion and permanence are achieved, as long as the foundations laid down can endure.