§52καὶ ταύτην οὖν σφόδρα γε δεῖ τὴν δόξαν κατέχειν, ἵνα μήτε τὰ κριτήρια ἀναιρῆται τὰ κατὰ τὰς ἐναργείας μήτε τὸ διημαρτημένον ὁμοίως βεβαιούμενον πάντα συνταράττῃ.
And so we must hold fast to this opinion very firmly, so that neither the criteria according to clear visions be destroyed, nor error, being confirmed in a similar way, throw everything into confusion.
Ἀλλὰ μὴν καὶ τὸ ἀκούειν γίνεται ῥεύματός τινος φερομένου ἀπὸ τοῦ φωνοῦντος ἢ ἠχοῦντος ἢ ψοφοῦντος ἢ ὅπως δήποτε ἀκουστικὸν πάθος παρασκευάζοντος.
Moreover, hearing also occurs because of some flow carried from that which speaks, or makes a sound, or makes a noise, or in any way whatsoever produces the acoustic affection.
τὸ δὲ ῥεῦμα τοῦτο εἰς ὁμοιομερεῖς ὄγκους διασπείρεται, ἅμα τινὰ διασῴζοντας συμπάθειαν πρὸς ἀλλήλους καὶ ἑνότητα ἰδιότροπον, διατείνουσαν πρὸς τὸ ἀποστεῖλαν καὶ τὴν ἐπαίσθησιν τὴν ἐπ’ ἐκείνου ὡς τὰ πολλὰ ποιοῦσαν, εἰ δὲ μή γε, τὸ ἔξωθεν μόνον ἔνδηλον παρασκευάζουσαν·
And this flow is dispersed into homogeneous particles, which at the same time preserve a certain sympathy toward one another and a peculiar unity, stretching back to that which sent it forth and for the most part producing the comprehension of that object, or if not, at least making only the external source apparent.
§53ἄνευ γὰρ ἀναφερομένης τινὸς ἐκεῖθεν συμπαθείας οὐκ ἂν γένοιτο ἡ τοιαύτη ἐπαίσθησις.
For without some sympathy referred back from there, such comprehension would not occur.
οὐκ αὐτὸν οὖν δεῖ νομίζειν τὸν ἀέρα ὑπὸ τῆς προιεμένης φωνῆς ἢ καὶ τῶν ὁμογενῶν σχηματίζεσθαι — πολλὴν γὰρ ἔνδειαν ἕξει τοῦτο πάσχων ὑπ’ ἐκείνης —, ἀλλ’ εὐθὺς τὴν γινομένην πληγὴν ἐν ἡμῖν, ὅταν φωνὴν ἀφίωμεν, τοιαύτην ἔκθλιψιν ὄγκων τινῶν ῥεύματος πνευματώδους ἀποτελεστικῶν ποιεῖσθαι, ἣ τὸ πάθος τὸ ἀκουστικὸν ἡμῖν παρασκευάζει.
Therefore, one must not think that the air itself is shaped by the emitted voice or similar sounds—for the air would suffer great insufficiency if it were affected by it—but rather that the impact which occurs within us directly when we emit a voice produces such an extrusion of certain particles capable of forming a windy flow, which produces the acoustic affection in us.
Καὶ μὴν καὶ τὴν ὀσμὴν νομιστέον, ὥσπερ καὶ τὴν ἀκοὴν οὐκ ἄν ποτε οὐθὲν πάθος ἐργάσασθαι, εἰ μὴ ὄγκοι τινὲς ἦσαν ἀπὸ τοῦ πράγματος ἀποφερόμενοι σύμμετροι πρὸς τοῦτο τὸ αἰσθητήριον κινεῖν, οἱ μὲν τοῖοι τεταραγμένως καὶ ἀλλοτρίως, οἱ δὲ τοῖοι ἀταράχως καὶ οἰκείως ἔχοντες.
Moreover, one must believe that smell also, just like hearing, would never produce any affection, if there were not certain particles carried away from the object commensurate to stimulate this sense organ, some of them being troubled and alien, and others being untroubled and congenial.
§54Καὶ μὴν καὶ τὰς ἀτόμους νομιστέον μηδεμίαν ποιότητα τῶν φαινομένων προσφέρεσθαι πλὴν σχήματος καὶ βάρους καὶ μεγέθους καὶ ὅσα ἐξ ἀνάγκης σχήματος συμφυῆ ἐστι.
Moreover, one must believe that the atoms bring with them no quality of the phenomena except shape, weight, size, and whatever is necessarily inherent in shape.
ποιότης γὰρ πᾶσα μεταβάλλει· αἱ δὲ ἄτομοι οὐδὲν μεταβάλλουσιν, ἐπειδή περ δεῖ τι ὑπομένειν ἐν ταῖς διαλύσεσι τῶν συγκρίσεων στερεὸν καὶ ἀδιάλυτον, ὃ τὰς μεταβολὰς οὐκ εἰς τὸ μὴ ὂν ποιήσεται οὐδ’ ἐκ τοῦ μὴ ὄντος, ἀλλὰ κατὰ μεταθέσεις ἐν πολλοῖς, τινῶν δὲ καὶ προσόδους καὶ ἀφόδους.
For every quality changes; but the atoms do not change at all, since something solid and indissoluble must remain in the dissolutions of compounds, which will not make changes into non-existence nor out of non-existence, but rather by transpositions in many atoms, and by additions and departures of some.
ὅθεν ἀναγκαῖον τὰ [μὴ] μετατιθέμενα ἄφθαρτα εἶναι καὶ τὴν τοῦ μεταβάλλοντος φύσιν οὐκ ἔχοντα, ὄγκους δὲ καὶ σχηματισμοὺςἰδίους· ταῦτα γὰρ καὶ ἀναγκαῖον ὑπομένειν.
Hence it is necessary that those things which are transposed are indestructible, not having the nature of that which changes, but having their own masses and shapes; for these are indeed what must necessarily remain.
§55καὶ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς παρ’ ἡμῖν μετασχηματιζομένοις κατὰ τὴν περιαίρεσιν τὸ σχῆμα ἐνυπάρχον λαμβάνεται, αἱ δὲ ποιότητες οὐκ ἐνυπάρχουσαι ἐν τῷ μεταβάλλοντι, ὥσπερ ἐκεῖνο καταλείπεται, ἀλλ’ ἐξ ὅλου τοῦ σώματος ἀπολλύμεναι.
For also in the things around us which are reshaped by stripping away, the shape is apprehended as inherent in it, whereas qualities do not remain inherent in that which changes in the way that the shape is left behind, but perish from the whole of the body.
ἱκανὰ οὖν τὰ ὑπολειπό μενα ταῦτα τὰς τῶν συγκρίσεων διαφορὰς ποιεῖν, ἐπειδή περ ὑπολείπεσθαί γέ τινα ἀναγκαῖον καὶ 〈μὴ〉 εἰς τὸ μὴ ὂν φθείρεσθαι.
Therefore, these remaining things are sufficient to produce the differences of the compounds, since indeed it is necessary that something remain and not be destroyed into non-existence.
Ἀλλὰ μὴν οὐδὲ δεῖ νομίζειν πᾶν μέγεθος ἐν ταῖς ἀτόμοις ὑπάρχειν, ἵνα μὴ τὰ φαινόμενα ἀντιμαρτυρῇ· παραλλαγὰς δέ τινας μεγεθῶν νομιστέον εἶναι.
Moreover, one must not think that every size exists in the atoms, lest the phenomena contradict it; but we must believe that there are certain variations of sizes.
βέλτιον γὰρ καὶ τούτου προσ— όντος τὰ κατὰ τὰ πάθη καὶ τὰς αἰσθήσεις γινόμενα ἀποδοθήσεται.
For if this is added, what happens in our affections and sensations will be better accounted for.
§56πᾶν δὲ μέγεθος ὑπάρχειν οὔτε χρήσιμόν ἐστι πρὸς τὰς τῶν ποιοτήτων διαφοράς, ἀφῖχθαί τε ἅμ’ ἔδει καὶ πρὸς ἡμᾶς ὁρατὰς ἀτόμους· ὃ οὐ θεωρεῖται γινόμενον οὔθ’ ὅπως ἂν γένοιτο ὁρατὴ ἄτομος ἔστιν ἐπινοῆσαι.
And for every size to exist is neither useful for the differences of qualities, and at the same time visible atoms would have to have arrived to us; which is not observed to happen, nor is it possible to conceive how an atom could become visible.
Πρὸς δὲ τούτοις οὐ δεῖ νομίζειν ἐν τῷ ὡρισμένῳ σώματι ἀπείρους ὄγκους εἶναι οὐδ’ ὁπηλίκους οὖν.
In addition to these, one must not think that in a limited body there are infinite particles, of whatever size.
ὥστε οὐ μόνον τὴν εἰς ἄπειρον τομὴν ἐπὶ τοὔλαττον ἀναιρετέον, ἵνα μὴ πάντα ἀσθενῆ ποιῶμεν κὰν ταῖς περιλήψεσι τῶν ἀθρόων εἰς τὸ μὴ ὂν ἀναγκαζώμεθα τὰ ὄντα θλίβοντες καταναλίσκειν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν μετάβασιν μὴ νομιστέον γίνεσθαι ἐν τοῖς ὡρισμένοις εἰς ἄπειρον μηδ’ ἐ〈πὶ〉 τοὔλαττον.
So that we must not only abolish division to infinity into smaller parts, lest we make everything weak and in our comprehensions of wholes be forced to consume existing things by crushing them into non-existence, but we also must not think that in limited things there is a transition to infinity, nor even to smaller and smaller parts.