§1.1Ο ΔΕ Φιλοπάτωρ παρὰ τῶν ἀνακομισθέντων μαθὼν τὴν γινομένην τῶν ἐπʼ αὐτοῦ κρατουμένων τόπων ἀφαίρεσιν ὑπὸ Ἀντιόχου, παραγγείλας ταῖς πάσαις δυνάμεσιν πεζικαῖς καὶ ἱππικαῖς, καὶ τὴν ἀδελφὴν Ἀρσινόην συνπαραλαβών, ἐξώρμησεν μέχρι τῶν κατὰ Ῥαφίαν τόπων, ὅπου παρεμβεβλήκεισαν οἱ περὶ Ἀντίοχον.
When Philopator learned from those who returned of the seizure by Antiochus of the places formerly held by him, he ordered all his forces, both infantry and cavalry, and taking along his sister Arsinoe, set out as far as the region of Raphia, where Antiochus and his army had encamped.
§1.2Θεόδοτος δέ τις ἐκπληρῶσαι τὴν ἐπιβουλὴν διανοηθείς, παραλαβὼν τῶν προυποτεταγμένων αὐτῷ ὅπλων Πτολεμαικῶν τὰ κράτιστα, διεκομίσθη νύκτωρ ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ Πτολεμαίου σκηνήν, ὡς μόνος κτεῖναι αὐτόν, καὶ ἐν τούτῳ διαλῦσαι τὸν πόλεμον.
But a certain Theodotus, intending to carry out his plot, took the best of the Ptolemaic troops previously placed under his command and went by night to the tent of Ptolemy, in order to kill him single-handedly and thereby end the war.
§1.3τοῦτον δὲ διάγων Δωσίθεος ὁ Δριμύλου λεγόμενος, τὸ γένος Ἰουδαῖος, ὕστερον δὲ μεταβαλὼν τὰ νόμιμα καὶ τῶν πατρίων δογμάτων ἀπηλλοτριωμένος, ἄσημόν τινα κατέκλινεν ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ, ὃν συνέβη κομίσασθαι τὴν ἐκείνου κόλασιν.
But Dositheus, called the son of Drimylus, a Jew by birth, who later changed his customs and became alienated from his ancestral decrees, led him away and laid a certain insignificant man in the tent, who happened to receive that man's punishment in his stead.
§1.4γενομένης δὲ καρτερᾶς μάχης καὶ τῶν πραγμάτων μᾶλλον ἐρρωμένων τῷ Ἀντιόχῳ, ἱκανῶς ἡ Ἀρσινόη ἐπιπορευσαμένη τὰς δυνάμεις παρεκάλει μετὰ οἴκτου καὶ δακρύων, τοὺς πλοκάμους λελυμένη, βοηθεῖν ἑαυτοῖς τε καὶ τοῖς τέκνοις καὶ ταῖς γυναιξὶν θαρραλέως, ἐπαγγελλομένη δώσειν νικήσασιν ἑκάστῳ δύο μνᾶς χρυσίου·
When a fierce battle had joined and the fortunes of war were stronger for Antiochus, Arsinoe, going along the forces, earnestly entreated them with lamentation and tears, and with her hair disheveled, to fight bravely to help themselves, their children, and their wives, promising to give to each of them two minas of gold if they were victorious.
§1.5καὶ οὕτως συνέβη τοὺς ἀντιπάλους ἐν χειρονομίαις διαφθαρῆναι, πολλοὺς δὲ καὶ δοριαλώτους συλλημφθῆναι.
And so it happened that the adversaries were destroyed in hand-to-hand combat, and many were also taken captive by the spear.
§1.6κατακρατήσας δὲ τῆς ἐπιβουλῆς ἔκρινεν τὰς πλησίον πόλεις ἐπελθὼν παρακαλέσαι.
Having gained the victory, he decided to visit the neighboring cities and encourage them.
§1.7ποιήσας δὲ τοῦτο, καὶ τοῖς τεμένεσι δωρεὰς ἀπονείμας, εὐθαρσεῖς τοὺς ὑποτεταγμένους κατέστησεν.
And having done this, and having bestowed gifts upon the temples, he made his subjects of good courage.
§1.8Τῶν δὲ Ἰουδαίων διαπεμψαμένων πρὸς αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τῆς γερουσίας καὶ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων τοὺς ἀσπασομένους αὐτὸν καὶ ξένια κομιοῦντας καὶ ἐπὶ τοῖς συμβεβηκόσιν χαρησομένους, συνέβη μᾶλλον αὐτὸν προθυμηθῆναι, ὡς τάχιστα πρὸς αὐτοὺς παραγενέσθαι.
When the Jews sent envoys to him from their senate and elders to greet him, to bring him gifts, and to congratulate him on what had happened, it happened that he became all the more eager to visit them as quickly as possible.
§1.9διακομισθεὶς δὲ εἰς Ἰεροσόλυμα, καὶ θύσας τῷ πιστῷ θεῷ καὶ χάριτας ἀποδιδοὺς καὶ τῶν ἑξῆς τι τῷ τόπῳ ποιήσας, καὶ δὴ παραγενόμενος εἰς τὸν τόπον καὶ τῇ σπουδαιότητι καὶ εὐσεβείᾳ καταπληγείς, §1.10θαυμάσας δὲ καὶ τὴν τοῦ ἱεροῦ εὐταξίαν, ἐνεθυμήθη βουλεύσασθαι εἰς τὸν ναὸν εἰσελθεῖν.
Having arrived in Jerusalem, and having sacrificed to the true God and offered thanksgiving, and having done something appropriate for the place, and indeed, having entered the sacred precinct and being amazed by its magnificence and holiness, and admiring also the orderliness of the temple, he resolved to enter into the sanctuary.
§1.11τῶν δὲ εἰπόντων μὴ καθήκειν γίνεσθαι τοῦτο, διὰ τὸ μηδὲ τοῖς ἔθνεσιν εἰσιέναι, μηδὲ πᾶσιν τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν, ἀλλʼ ἢ μόνῳ τῷ προηγουμένῳ πάντων ἀρχιερεῖ, καὶ τούτῳ κατʼ ἐνιαυτὸν ἅπαξ, ὁ δὲ οὐδαμῶς ἐπείθετο.
When they said that this was not permitted, because it was not allowed for foreigners to enter, nor even for all the priests, but only for the high priest who was the leader of all, and for him only once a year, he, however, would by no means be persuaded.
§1.12τοῦ τε νόμου παραναγνωσθέντος, οὐδ᾿ ὣς ἀπέλειπεν προφερόμενος ἑαυτὸν δεῖν εἰσελθεῖν, λέγων Καὶ εἰ ἐκεῖνοι ἐστέρηνται ταύτης τῆς τιμῆς, ἐμὲ δὲ οὐ δεῖ. §1.13καὶ ἐπυνθάνετο διὰ τίνα αἰτίαν αὐτὸν εἰσερχόμενον εἰς πᾶν τέμενος οὐθεὶς ἐκώλυσεν τῶν παρόντων.
And even when the law was read to him, not even so did he desist, declaring that he must enter, saying: "Even if they are deprived of this honor, I must not be." And he asked for what reason, when he entered any other temple, no one of those present prevented him.
§1.14καί τις ἀπρονοήτως ἔφη κακῶς αὐτὸ τοῦτο τερατεύεσθαι·
And someone rashly said that this very thing was a bad sign.
§1.15γινομένου δέ, φησίν, τούτου, διὰ τίνα αἰτίαν οὐχὶ πάντων εἰσελεύσεσθαι, καὶ θελόντων αὐτῶν καὶ μή; §1.16Τῶν δὲ ἱερέων ἐν πάσαις ταῖς ἐσθήσεσιν προσπεσόντων, καὶ δεομένων τοῦ μεγίστου θεοῦ βοηθεῖν τοῖς ἐνεστῶσιν, καὶ τὴν ὁρμὴν τοῦ κακῶς ἐπιβαλλομένου μεταθεῖναι, κραυγῆς τε μετὰ δακρύων τὸ ἱερὸν ἐμπλησάντων, §1.17οἱ κατὰ τὴν πόλιν ἀπολειπόμενοι ταραχθέντες ἐξεπήδησαν, ἄδηλον τιθέμενοι τὸ γινόμενον.
"But since this is happening," he said, "for what reason should I not enter in any case, whether they wish it or not?" Then the priests, falling down in all their sacred vestments, and beseeching the greatest God to help them in their present trouble, and to turn aside the rush of him who was wickedly intent, and filling the temple with cries and tears, those who remained in the city, being thrown into confusion, rushed out, uncertain of what was happening.
§1.18αἵ τε κατάκλειστοι παρθένοι ἐν θαλάμοις σὺν ταῖς τεκούσαις ἐξώρμησαν· καὶ ἀπέδωκαν κόνει τὰς κόμας πασάμεναι, πού γε καὶ στεναγμῶν ἐνεμπίπλων τὰς πλατείας.
And the virgins who were shut up in their chambers rushed out with their mothers, and sprinkling their hair with dust, filled the streets with groans.
§1.19αἱ δὲ καὶ προσαρτίως ἐσταλμέναι, τοὺς πρὸς ἅπαν νῦν διατεταγμένους καὶ τὴν ἁρμόζουσαν αἰδὼ παραλείπουσαι, δρόμον ἄτακτον συνίσταντο,
And those who had been newly married, abandoning their newly wedded husbands and their fitting modesty, ran about in wild disorder.
§1.20τὰ δὲ νεογνὰ τῶν τέκνων αἱ πρὸς τούτοις μητέρες καὶ τιθηνοὶ παραλείπουσαι ἄλλως καὶ ἄλλως, αἱ μὲν κατʼ οἴκους, αἱ δὲ κατὰ τὰς ἀγυιὰς ἀνεπιστρέπτως εἰς τὸ πανυπέρτατον ἱερὸν ἠθροίζοντο.
And mothers and nurses, abandoning newborn children here and there, some in their houses and others in the streets, without looking back, gathered at the most high temple.
§1.21ποικίλη δὲ ἦν τῶν εἰς τοῦτο συλλεγέντων ἡ δέησις ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀνοσίως ὑπʼ ἐκείνου κατεγχειρουμένοις.
Various was the prayer of those gathered there because of the impious enterprise he was undertaking.
§1.22σύν τε τούτοις οἱ περὶ τῶν πολιτῶν θρασυνθέντες οὐκ ἠνείχοντο τέλεον αὐτοῦ ἐπικειμένου καὶ τὸ τῆς προθέσεως ἐκπληροῦν διανοουμένου· §1.23φωνήσαντες δὲ τὴν ὁρμὴν ἐπὶ τὰ ὅπλα ποιήσασθαι, καὶ θαρραλέως ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρῴου νόμου τελευτᾷν, ἱκανὴν ἐποίησαν ἐν τῷ τόπῳ τραχύτητα, μόλις δὲ ὑπό τε τῶν γεραιῶν καὶ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων ἀποτραπέντες, ἐπὶ τὴν αὐτὴν τῆς δεήσεως παρῆσαν στάσιν.
And together with these, some of the citizens grew bold and would not tolerate his pressing on completely and intending to fulfill his purpose; calling out to make a rush to arms and to die courageously for the ancestral law, they caused great uproar in the place, but being with difficulty turned back by the elders and leaders, they returned to the same attitude of prayer.
§1.24καὶ τὸ μὲν πλῆθος ὡς ἔμπροσθεν τούτοις ἀνεστρέφετο δεόμενον.
And the multitude, as before, continued in prayer.
§1.25οἱ δὲ περὶ τὸν βασιλέα πρεσβύτεροι πολλαχῶς ἐπειρῶντο τὸν ἀγέρωχον αὐτοῦ νοῦν ἐξιστάνειν τῆς ἐντεθυμημένης ἐπιβουλῆς.
And the elders around the king tried in many ways to turn his arrogant mind from the intended attempt.
§1.26θρασυνθεὶς δὲ καὶ πάντας παραπέμψας ἤδη, καὶ πρόσβασιν ἤδη ἐποιεῖτο, τέλος ἐπιθήσειν δοκῶν τῷ προειρημένῳ.
But being emboldened and dismissing them all, he was already making his approach, thinking to carry out his aforementioned purpose.
§1.27ταῦτα οὖν καὶ οἱ περὶ αὐτὸν ὄντες θεωροῦντες ἐτράπησαν εἰς τὸ σὺν τοῖς ἡμετέροις ἐπικαλεῖσθαι τὸν πᾶν κράτος ἔχοντα τοῖς παροῦσιν ἐπαμῦναι, μὴ περιιδόντα τὴν ἄνομον καὶ ὑπερήφανον πρᾶξιν.
Seeing this, therefore, even those who were around him turned to call upon the Almighty, together with our people, to help in the present trouble, and not to overlook this lawless and proud deed.
§1.28ἐκ δὲ τῆς πυκνοτάτης τε καὶ ἐνπόνου τῶν ὄχλων συναγομένης κραυγῆς ἀνείκαστός τις ἦν βοή· §1.29δοκεῖν γὰρ ἦν μὴ μόνον τοὺς ἀνθρώπους, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ τείχη καὶ τὸ πᾶν ἔδαφος ἠχεῖν, ἅτε δὴ τῶν πάντων τότε θάνατον ἀλλασσομένων ἀντὶ τῆς τοῦ τόπου βεβηλώσεως.
And from the dense and intense cry of the crowds gathered together, there arose an indescribable sound; for it seemed that not only the people, but also the walls and the whole ground re-echoed, since they all preferred death rather than the desecration of the place.