Humanitext Reader

Pausanias · Description of Greece §9.39.8-9.39.14

Ritual of Descent into the Oracle of Trophonius

Passage 407 of 465 · Greek

Summary

The detailed ritual of consulting the oracle of Trophonius, the unique structure of the oracle, and the mysterious procedure of descending into the adytum and returning from it are described based on the author's own experience.

§9.39.8ἐνταῦθα δὴ χρὴ πιεῖν αὐτὸν Λήθης τε ὕδωρ καλούμενον, ἵνα λήθη γένηταί οἱ πάντων ἃ τέως ἐφρόντιζε, καὶ ἐπὶ τῷδε ἄλλο αὖθις ὕδωρ πίνειν Μνημοσύνης· ἀπὸ τούτου τε μνημονεύει τὰ ὀφθέντα οἱ καταβάντι.
There he must drink water called the water of Forgetfulness, so that he may forget all things that he was thinking of until then, and after this he must drink again another water, that of Memory; from this he remembers what was seen by him when he went down.
θεασάμενος δὲ ἄγαλμα ὃ ποιῆσαι Δαίδαλόν φασιν—ὑπὸ δὲ τῶν ἱερέων οὐκ ἐπιδείκνυται πλὴν ὅσοι παρὰ τὸν Τροφώνιον μέλλουσιν ἔρχεσθαι— τοῦτο τὸ ἄγαλμα ἰδὼν καὶ θεραπεύσας τε καὶ εὐξάμενος ἔρχεται πρὸς τὸ μαντεῖον, χιτῶνα ἐνδεδυκὼς λινοῦν καὶ ταινίαις τὸν χιτῶνα ἐπιζωσθεὶς καὶ ὑποδησάμενος ἐπιχωρίας κρηπῖδας.
Having gazed at an image which they say Daedalus made—and it is not shown by the priests except to those who are about to go to Trophonius—having seen this image, and having both worshipped it and prayed, he goes to the oracle, dressed in a linen tunic and having girt the tunic with ribbons, and having put on local boots.
§9.39.9ἔστι δὲ τὸ μαντεῖον ὑπὲρ τὸ ἄλσος ἐπὶ τοῦ ὄρους.
The oracle is above the grove on the mountain.
κρηπὶς μὲν ἐν κύκλῳ περιβέβληται λίθου λευκοῦ, περίοδος δὲ τῆς κρηπῖδος κατὰ ἅλων τὴν ἐλαχίστην ἐστίν, ὕψος δὲ ἀποδέουσα δύο εἶναι πήχεις· ἐφεστήκασι δὲ ἐπὶ τῇ κρηπῖδι ὀβελοὶ καὶ αὐτοὶ χαλκοῖ καὶ αἱ συνέχουσαι σφᾶς ζῶναι, διὰ δὲ αὐτῶν θύραι πεποίηνται.
A basement of white stone is built around it in a circle, and the circumference of the basement is like that of the smallest threshing floor, and its height is a little less than two cubits; upon the basement stand spikes, which are also of bronze, and the bands which connect them, and through them doors have been made.
τοῦ περιβόλου δὲ ἐντὸς χάσμα γῆς ἐστιν οὐκ αὐτόματον ἀλλὰ σὺν τέχνῃ καὶ ἁρμονίᾳ πρὸς τὸ ἀκριβέστατον ᾠκοδομημένον.
And within the enclosure is a chasm in the earth, not natural, but built with art and symmetry to the greatest precision.
§9.39.10τοῦ δὲ οἰκοδομήματος τούτου τὸ σχῆμα εἴκασται κριβάνῳ· τὸ δὲ εὖρος ἡ διάμετρος αὐτοῦ τέσσαρας παρέχοιτο ἂν ὡς εἰκάσαι πήχεις· βάθος δὲ τοῦ οἰκοδομήματος, οὐκ ἂν οὐδὲ τοῦτο εἰκάζοι τις ἐς πλέον ὀκτὼ καθήκειν πηχῶν.
The shape of this building is like a bread-oven; its width, that is, its diameter, would be, as one might guess, about four cubits; and as for the depth of the building, neither would one guess this to go down to more than eight cubits.
κατάβασις δὲ οὐκ ἔστι πεποιημένη σφίσιν ἐς τὸ ἔδαφος· ἐπειδὰν δὲ ἀνὴρ ἔρχηται παρὰ τὸν Τροφώνιον, κλίμακα αὐτῷ κομίζουσι στενὴν καὶ ἐλαφράν.
There is no passage built down to the floor; but when a man comes to Trophonius, they bring him a narrow and light ladder.
καταβάντι δέ ἐστιν ὀπὴ μεταξὺ τοῦ τε ἐδάφους καὶ τοῦ οἰκοδομήματος· σπιθαμῶν τὸ εὖρος δύο, τὸ δὲ ὕψος ἐφαίνετο εἶναι σπιθαμῆς.
And for the one who has gone down, there is an opening between the floor and the building; its width is two spans, and its height seemed to be one span.
§9.39.11ὁ οὖν κατιὼν κατακλίνας ἑαυτὸν ἐς τὸ ἔδαφος ἔχων μάζας μεμαγμένας μέλιτι προεμβάλλει τε ἐς τὴν ὀπὴν τοὺς πόδας καὶ αὐτὸς ἐπιχωρεῖ, τὰ γόνατά οἱ τῆς ὀπῆς ἐντὸς γενέσθαι προθυμούμενος· τὸ δὲ λοιπὸν σῶμα αὐτίκα ἐφειλκύσθη τε καὶ τοῖς γόνασιν ἐπέδραμεν, ὥσπερ ποταμῶν ὁ μέγιστος καὶ ὠκύτατος συνδεθέντα ὑπὸ δίνης ἀποκρύψειεν ἂν ἄνθρωπον.
The one going down, therefore, having laid himself down on the floor holding barley-cakes kneaded with honey, first thrusts his feet into the opening and himself moves forward, eager for his knees to get inside the opening; and the rest of his body is immediately drawn after and follows his knees, just as the largest and swiftest of rivers would swallow up and sweep out of sight a man caught in a whirlpool.
τὸ δὲ ἐντεῦθεν τοῖς ἐντὸς τοῦ ἀδύτου γενομένοις οὐχ εἷς οὐδὲ ὁ αὐτὸς τρόπος ἐστὶν ὅτῳ διδάσκονται τὰ μέλλοντα, ἀλλά πού τις καὶ εἶδε καὶ ἄλλος ἤκουσεν.
After this, for those who have gotten inside the adytum, there is not one and the same way in which they are taught the future, but one has seen and another has heard.
ἀναστρέψαι δὲ ὀπίσω τοῖς καταβᾶσι διὰ στομίου τε ἔστι τοῦ αὐτοῦ καὶ προεκθεόντων σφίσι τῶν ποδῶν.
And for those who have gone down, the return back is through the same opening, with their feet sliding out foremost.
§9.39.12ἀποθανεῖν δὲ οὐδένα τῶν καταβάντων λέγουσιν ὅτι μὴ μόνον τῶν Δημητρίου τινὰ δορυφόρων· τοῦτον δὲ οὔτε ποιῆσαι περὶ τὸ ἱερόν φασιν οὐδὲν τῶν νενομισμένων οὔτε χρησόμενον τῷ θεῷ καταβῆναι, χρυσὸν δὲ καὶ ἄργυρον ἐκκομιεῖν ἐλπίσαντα ἐκ τοῦ ἀδύτου.
They say that no one of those who went down died, except only one of the bodyguards of Demetrius; of this man they say that he neither performed any of the customary rites about the sanctuary, nor did he go down to consult the god, but hoping to carry off gold and silver from the adytum.
λέγεται δὲ καὶ τούτου τὸν νεκρὸν ἑτέρωθι ἀναφανῆναι καὶ οὐ κατὰ στόμα ἐκβληθῆναι τὸ ἱερόν.
It is also said of him that his corpse appeared elsewhere, and was not cast out through the opening of the sanctuary.
ἐς μὲν δὴ τὸν ἄνθρωπον λεγομένων καὶ ἄλλων εἴρηταί μοι τὰ ἀξιολογώτατα·
Of the things said about this man, although there are others, the most noteworthy have been related by me.
§9.39.13τὸν δὲ ἀναβάντα παρὰ τοῦ Τροφωνίου παραλαβόντες αὖθις οἱ ἱερεῖς καθίζουσιν ἐπὶ θρόνον Μνημοσύνης μὲν καλούμενον, κεῖται δὲ οὐ πόρρω τοῦ ἀδύτου, καθεσθέντα δὲ ἐνταῦθα ἀνερωτῶσιν ὁπόσα εἶδέ τε καὶ ἐπύθετο·
The priests, having taken back the one who has come up from Trophonius, seat him upon a chair called the chair of Memory, which lies not far from the adytum; and when he has sat down there, they ask him all that he saw and learned.
μαθόντες δὲ ἐπιτρέπουσιν αὐτὸν ἤδη τοῖς προσήκουσιν.
Having learned this, they then entrust him to his relatives.
οἱ δὲ ἐς τὸ οἴκημα, ἔνθα καὶ πρότερον διῃτᾶτο παρά τε Τύχῃ καὶ Δαίμονι ἀγαθοῖς, ἐς τοῦτο ἀράμενοι κομίζουσι κάτοχόν τε ἔτι τῷ δείματι καὶ ἀγνῶτα ὁμοίως αὑτοῦ τε καὶ τῶν πέλας.
These carry him, lifting him up, to the building where he resided before, in the sanctuary of Good Fortune and the Good Daemon; he is still possessed with fear and unconscious of both himself and those near him.
ὕστερον μέντοι τά τε ἄλλα οὐδέν τι φρονήσει μεῖον ἢ πρότερον καὶ γέλως ἐπάνεισίν οἱ.
Afterwards, however, he will be in no way inferior in understanding than before, and laughter returns to him.
§9.39.14γράφω δὲ οὐκ ἀκοὴν ἀλλὰ ἑτέρους τε ἰδὼν καὶ αὐτὸς τῷ Τροφωνίῳ χρησάμενος.
I write not from hearsay, but having both seen others and myself consulted Trophonius.
τοὺς δὲ ἐς τοῦ Τροφωνίου κατελθόντας, ἀνάγκη σφᾶς, ὁπόσα ἤκουσεν ἕκαστος ἢ εἶδεν, ἀναθεῖναι γεγραμμένα ἐν πίνακι.
And for those who have gone down to Trophonius, it is necessary for them to dedicate all that each heard or saw, written on a tablet.
λείπεται δʼ ἔτι καὶ τοῦ Ἀριστομένους ἐνταῦθα ἡ ἀσπίς· τὰ δὲ ἐς αὐτὴν ὁποῖα ἐγένετο, ἐδήλωσα ἐν τοῖς προτέροις τοῦ λόγου.
There is also still left there the shield of Aristomenes; and what happened regarding it, I have explained in the earlier part of my narrative.

Notes

  1. 9.39.8ἐπὶ τῷδε — The preposition ἐπί with the dative demonstrative τῷδε expresses temporal sequence, meaning 'after this' or 'upon this'.
  2. 9.39.9ἀποδέουσα δύο εἶναι πήχεις — The feminine present participle ἀποδέουσα agrees with the feminine noun περίοδος (or acts as an irregular description of ὕψος as being deficient), meaning 'falling short' when combined with the infinitive εἶναι, thus 'falling short of being two cubits'.
  3. 9.39.11ὥσπερ ... ἀποκρύψειεν ἂν — The connection of ὥσπερ with the potential optative ἀποκρύψειεν ἂν expresses a potential or hypothetical scenario within a comparison, meaning 'just as it might swallow up'.
  4. 9.39.13κάτοχόν τε ἔτι τῷ δείματι — The adjective κάτοχος ('possessed by', 'held by') regularly governs the dative case, here taking the dative τῷ δείματι ('by fear').

Cite this passage

Pausanias, Description of Greece §9.39.8-9.39.14. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:9.39.8-9.39.14

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.