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Pausanias · Description of Greece §8.42.7-8.42.13

Onatas' Statue of Demeter and Sacrifices at the Cave

Passage 352 of 465 · Greek

Summary

The passage describes how the Phigalians commissioned the sculptor Onatas to recreate the statue of Demeter in accordance with the oracle, its subsequent disappearance, and the author's personal experience of the unique, bloodless sacrifices performed there.

§8.42.7ὡς δὲ οἱ Φιγαλεῖς ἀνακομισθὲν τὸ μάντευμα ἤκουσαν, τά τε ἄλλα ἐς πλέον τιμῆς ἢ τὰ πρότερα τὴν Δήμητρα ἦγον καὶ Ὀνάταν τὸν Μίκωνος Αἰγινήτην πείθουσιν ἐφʼ ὅσῳ δὴ μισθῷ ποιῆσαί σφισιν ἄγαλμα Δήμητρος·
When the Phigalians heard the oracle that was brought back, they held Demeter in greater honor than before in other respects as well, and persuaded Onatas, the son of Micon, an Aeginetan, for whatever reward indeed, to make them an image of Demeter.
τοῦ δὲ Ὀνάτα τούτου Περγαμηνοῖς ἐστιν Ἀπόλλων χαλκοῦς, θαῦμα ἐν τοῖς μάλιστα μεγέθους τε ἕνεκα καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ τέχνῃ.
Of this Onatas, the Pergamenes have a bronze Apollo, a wonder especially for its size and for its art.
τότε δὴ ὁ ἀνὴρ οὗτος ἀνευρὼν γραφὴν ἢ μίμημα τοῦ ἀρχαίου ξοάνου—τὰ πλείω δέ, ὡς λέγεται, καὶ κατὰ ὀνειράτων ὄψιν—ἐποίησε χαλκοῦν Φιγαλεῦσιν ἄγαλμα, γενεαῖς μάλιστα δυσὶν ὕστερον τῆς ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἐπιστρατείας τοῦ Μήδου.
At that time indeed, this man, having found a drawing or a copy of the ancient wooden image—though for the most part, as it is said, also according to the vision of dreams—made a bronze image for the Phigalians, about two generations after the expedition of the Mede against Greece.
§8.42.8μαρτυρεῖ δέ μοι τῷ λόγῳ· κατὰ γὰρ τὴν Ξέρξου διάβασιν ἐς τὴν Εὐρώπην Συρακουσῶν τε ἐτυράννει καὶ Σικελίας τῆς ἄλλης Γέλων ὁ Δεινομένους·
And this bears witness to my account; for at the time of Xerxes' crossing into Europe, Gelon, the son of Deinomenes, was tyrant of Syracuse and the rest of Sicily.
ἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε Γέλων, ἐς Ἱέρωνα ἀδελφὸν Γέλωνος περιῆλθεν ἡ ἀρχή·
When Gelon died, the rule devolved upon Hieron, the brother of Gelon.
Ἱέρωνος δὲ ἀποθανόντος πρότερον πρὶν ἢ τῷ Ὀλυμπίῳ Διὶ ἀναθεῖναι τὰ ἀναθήματα ἃ εὔξατο ἐπὶ τῶν ἵππων ταῖς νίκαις, οὕτω Δεινομένης ὁ Ἱέρωνος ἀπέδωκεν ὑπὲρ τοῦ πατρός.
But Hieron having died before he could dedicate to Olympian Zeus the offerings which he had vowed for his victories with horses, thus Deinomenes, the son of Hieron, paid the vow on behalf of his father.
§8.42.9Ὀνάτα καὶ ταῦτα ποιήματα, καὶ ἐπιγράμματα ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ, τὸ μὲν ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἀναθήματός ἐστιν αὐτῶν, " σόν ποτε νικήσας, Ζεῦ Ὀλύμπιε, σεμνὸν ἀγῶνα τεθρίππῳ μὲν ἅπαξ, μουνοκέλητι δὲ δίς, δῶρα Ἱέρων τάδε σοι ἐχαρίσσατο· παῖς δʼ ἀνέθηκε " Δεινομένης πατρὸς μνῆμα Συρακοσίου·
These too are the works of Onatas, and there are inscriptions in Olympia, of which one, concerning their offering, says: "Having once conquered in thy holy contest, Olympian Zeus, once with the four-horse chariot, and twice with the single racehorse, Hieron bestowed these gifts upon thee; and his son dedicated them, "Deinomenes, as a memorial of his Syracusan father.
§8.42.10τὸ δὲ ἕτερον λέγει τῶν ἐπιγραμμάτων· " υἱὸς μέν με Μίκωνος Ὀνάτας ἐξετέλεσσεν, νάσῳ ἐν Αἰγίνᾳ δώματα ναιετάων.
And the other of the inscriptions says: "Onatas, the son of Micon, fashioned me, dwelling in his home in the island of Aegina.
" ἡ δὲ ἡλικία τοῦ Ὀνάτα κατὰ τὸν Ἀθηναῖον Ἡγίαν καὶ Ἀγελάδαν συμβαίνει τὸν Ἀργεῖον.
"The date of Onatas falls about the time of Hegias the Athenian and Ageladas the Argive.
§8.42.11ταύτης μάλιστα ἐγὼ τῆς Δήμητρος ἕνεκα ἐς Φιγαλίαν ἀφικόμην.
It was chiefly for the sake of this Demeter that I came to Phigalia.
καὶ ἔθυσα τῇ θεῷ, καθὰ καὶ οἱ ἐπιχώριοι νομίζουσιν, οὐδέν· τὰ δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν δένδρων τῶν ἡμέρων τά τε ἄλλα καὶ ἀμπέλου καρπὸν καὶ μελισσῶν τε κηρία καὶ ἐρίων τὰ μὴ ἐς ἐργασίαν πω ἥκοντα ἀλλὰ ἔτι ἀνάπλεα τοῦ οἰσύπου, ἃ τιθέασιν ἐπὶ τὸν βωμὸν τὸν ᾠκοδομημένον πρὸ τοῦ σπηλαίου, θέντες δὲ καταχέουσιν αὐτῶν ἔλαιον, ταῦτα ἰδιώταις τε ἀνδράσι καὶ ἀνὰ πᾶν ἔτος Φιγαλέων τῷ κοινῷ καθέστηκεν ἐς τὴν θυσίαν.
And I sacrificed to the goddess nothing, even as the locals are accustomed; but the fruits from cultivated trees, especially the fruit of the vine, and combs of bees, and wool that has not yet come to processing but is still full of grease—which they place upon the altar built in front of the cave, and having placed them, pour oil over them—these are established as the sacrifice for private individuals and every year for the community of the Phigalians.
§8.42.12ἱέρεια δέ σφισίν ἐστιν ἡ δρῶσα, σὺν δὲ αὐτῇ καὶ τῶν ἱεροθυτῶν καλουμένων ὁ νεώτατος· οἱ δέ εἰσι τῶν ἀστῶν τρεῖς ἀριθμόν.
It is the priestess who performs the rites for them, and with her the youngest of those called Hierothytai; and these are three in number from among the citizens.
ἔστι δὲ δρυῶν τε ἄλσος περὶ τὸ σπήλαιον καὶ ὕδωρ ψυχρὸν ἄνεισιν ἐκ τῆς γῆς.
There is a grove of oaks around the cave, and cold water rises up from the earth.
τὸ δὲ ἄγαλμα τὸ ὑπὸ τοῦ Ὀνάτα ποιηθὲν οὔτε ἦν κατʼ ἐμὲ οὔτε εἰ ἐγένετο ἀρχὴν Φιγαλεῦσιν ἠπίσταντο οἱ πολλοί·
But the image made by Onatas was not there in my time, nor did the majority of the Phigalians know if it had ever existed at all.
§8.42.13τῶν δὲ ἐντυχόντων ἡμῖν ἔλεγεν ὁ πρεσβύτατος γενεαῖς πρότερον τρισὶν ἢ κατʼ αὐτὸν ἐμπεσεῖν ἐς τὸ ἄγαλμα ἐκ τοῦ ὀρόφου πέτρας, ὑπὸ τούτων δὲ καταγῆναι καὶ ἐς ἅπαν ἔφασκεν αὐτὸ ἀφανισθῆναι· καὶ ἔν γε τῷ ὀρόφῳ δῆλα καὶ ἡμῖν ἔτι ἦν, καθὰ ἀπερρώγεσαν αἱ πέτραι.
But the eldest of those who met us said that three generations before his own time, rocks from the roof fell upon the image, and by these it was broken to pieces and completely disappeared; and indeed, on the roof it was still clear to us where the rocks had broken off.

Notes

  1. 8.42.7γενεαῖς μάλιστα δυσὶν ὕστερον τῆς ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἐπιστρατείας τοῦ Μήδου — Meaning 'about two generations after the expedition of the Mede against Greece.' The reference point (the expedition) is in the genitive of comparison governed by the comparative adverb ὕστερον, while the degree of temporal difference (γενεαῖς) is expressed by the dative.
  2. 8.42.11καὶ ἔθυσα τῇ θεῷ ... οὐδέν — Meaning 'and I sacrificed to the goddess nothing.' Here, οὐδέν functions adverbially or as an internal/cognate accusative with the intransitive verb ἔθυσα, emphasizing that no blood sacrifice (slaying of animals) was offered at all.
  3. 8.42.11τὰ δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν δένδρων ... ταῦτα ... καθέστηκεν ἐς τὴν θυσίαν — The subject noun phrase at the beginning, 'the fruits from cultivated trees...' (τὰ δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν δένδρων...), is separated by long relative clauses and participle phrases, and is then gathered up by the demonstrative pronoun ταῦτα as the subject of the main verb καθέστηκεν, creating an anacoluthic structure.
  4. 8.42.13γενεαῖς πρότερον τρισὶν ἢ κατʼ αὐτόν — Meaning 'three generations before his own time.' The comparative adverb πρότερον is followed by the conjunction ἤ to introduce the standard of comparison κατʼ αὐτόν ('in his time'), while the degree of difference is in the dative case (γενεαῖς τρισίν).

Cite this passage

Pausanias, Description of Greece §8.42.7-8.42.13. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:8.42.7-8.42.13

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