§7.14.1ἀφίκοντο δὲ ἐς τὴν Ἑλλάδα καὶ οἱ ἀποσταλέντες ἐκ Ῥώμης Λακεδαιμονίοις δικασταὶ καὶ Ἀχαιοῖς γενέσθαι, ἄλλοι τε καὶ Ὀρέστης·
There arrived in Greece also those who had been sent from Rome to be judges for the Lacedaemonians and the Achaeans, among others especially Orestes.
ὁ δὲ τούς τε ἐν ἑκάστῃ πόλει τῶν Ἀχαιῶν ἔχοντας τὰς ἀρχὰς καὶ Δίαιον ἐκάλει παρʼ αὑτόν.
He summoned to himself those who held office in each city of the Achaeans, and Diaeus.
ἀφικομένοις δὲ ἔνθα ἔτυχεν αὐτὸς ἐσῳκισμένος, ἀπεγύμνου τὸν πάντα σφίσιν ἤδη λόγον, ὡς δίκαια ἡγοῖτο ἡ Ῥωμαίων βουλὴ μήτε Λακεδαιμονίους τελεῖν ἐς τὸ Ἀχαϊκὸν μήτε αὐτὴν Κόρινθον, ἀφεῖσθαι δὲ καὶ Ἄργος καὶ Ἡράκλειαν τὴν πρὸς Οἴτῃ καὶ Ὀρχομενίους Ἀρκάδας συνεδρίου τοῦ Ἀχαιῶν· γένους τε γὰρ αὐτοῖς οὐδὲν τοῦ Ἀχαιῶν μετεῖναι καὶ ὕστερον τὰς πόλεις προσχωρῆσαι ταύτας πρὸς τὸ Ἀχαϊκόν.
When they arrived where he happened to be lodged, he laid bare to them the whole proposal, namely, that the Roman senate considered it just that neither the Lacedaemonians nor Corinth itself should belong to the Achaean League, and that Argos, Heracleia near Oeta, and the Arcadian Orchomenians should also be released from the council of the Achaeans; for [he said] that they had no share in the Achaean race, and that these cities had joined the Achaean League only later.
§7.14.2ταῦτα Ὀρέστου λέγοντος οἱ ἄρχοντες τῶν Ἀχαιῶν οὐδὲ τὸν πάντα ὑπομείναντες ἀκοῦσαι λόγον ἔθεον ἐς τὸ ἐκτὸς τῆς οἰκίας καὶ ἐκάλουν Ἀχαιοὺς ἐς ἐκκλησίαν·
While Orestes was saying these things, the leaders of the Achaeans, not even waiting to hear the whole proposal, ran outside the house and summoned the Achaeans to an assembly.
οἱ δὲ ὡς τὰ ἐγνωσμένα ἐπύθοντο ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων, αὐτίκα ἐτρέποντο ἐπὶ τοὺς Σπαρτιάτας οἳ Κορίνθῳ τότε ἔτυχον ἐπιδημοῦντες, συνήρπαζον δὲ πάντα τινὰ καὶ ὃν Λακεδαιμόνιον σαφῶς ὄντα ἠπίσταντο καὶ ὅτῳ κουρᾶς ἢ ὑποδημάτων ἕνεκα ἢ ἐπὶ τῇ ἐσθῆτι ἢ κατʼ ὄνομα προσγένοιτο ὑπόνοια· τοὺς δὲ αὐτῶν καὶ καταφυγεῖν ἔνθα Ὀρέστης ᾤκει φθάνοντας ὅμως καὶ ἐντεῦθεν ἐβιάζοντο ἕλκειν.
When the people learned of the decisions made by the Romans, they immediately turned against the Spartans who happened to be staying in Corinth at that time, and they seized everyone—both those whom they clearly knew to be Lacedaemonians, and anyone against whom suspicion arose on account of their hair-cut, or shoes, or clothing, or name; and even those of them who succeeded in fleeing to where Orestes was lodging, they nevertheless attempted by force to drag from there.
§7.14.3Ὀρέστης δὲ καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τῆς τε τόλμης ἐπέχειν τοὺς Ἀχαιοὺς ἐπειρῶντο καὶ ἐκέλευον μεμνῆσθαι σφᾶς ὡς ἀδικημάτων καὶ ὕβρεως ἄρχουσιν ἐς Ῥωμαίους.
Orestes and those with him tried to restrain the Achaeans from their violence and urged them to remember that they were beginning acts of injustice and insolence against the Romans.
ἡμέραις δὲ ὕστερον οὐ πολλαῖς οἱ Ἀχαιοὶ Λακεδαιμονίων μὲν αὐτῶν ὅσους εἶχον συνειληφότες, κατατίθενται σφᾶς ἐς δεσμωτήριον, τοὺς ξένους δὲ ἀπʼ αὐτῶν διακρίνοντες ἠφίεσαν.
A few days later, the Achaeans put into prison all those of the Lacedaemonians themselves whom they had arrested, but they released the foreigners after separating them from them.
ἀποστέλλουσι δὲ καὶ ἐς Ῥώμην ἄλλους τε Ἀχαιῶν τῶν ἐν τέλει καὶ Θεαρίδαν· ὡς δὲ ἀπῆλθον, ἐντυχόντες κατὰ τὴν ἄνοδον Ῥωμαίων πρέσβεσιν ἐπὶ τὰ Λακεδαιμονίων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν ὕστερον ἢ Ὀρέστης ἀπεσταλμένοις, ὀπίσω καὶ αὐτοὶ τρέπονται.
They also sent to Rome other Achaeans in authority and Thearidas; but when they had departed, meeting on their journey up Roman envoys who had been sent for the affairs of the Lacedaemonians and Achaeans later than Orestes, they themselves also turned back.
§7.14.4Διαίῳ δὲ ἐξήκοντος τοῦ χρόνου τῆς ἀρχῆς στρατηγεῖν ὑπὸ Ἀχαιῶν ᾑρέθη Κριτόλαος.
When the term of office of Diaeus expired, Critolaus was chosen by the Achaeans to be general.
τοῦτον δριμὺς καὶ σὺν οὐδενὶ λογισμῷ τὸν Κριτόλαον πολεμεῖν πρὸς Ῥωμαίους ἔρως ἔσχε· καὶ—ἔτυχον γὰρ τότε ἤδη οἱ παρὰ Ῥωμαίων ἥκοντες τὰ Λακεδαιμονίων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν δικάσαι—ἀφίκετο μὲν ἐν Τεγέᾳ τῇ Ἀρκάδων τοῖς ἀνδράσιν ἐς λόγους ὁ Κριτόλαος, ἀθροῖσαι δὲ Ἀχαιούς σφισιν ἐς κοινὸν σύλλογον οὐδαμῶς ἤθελεν, ἀλλὰ ἐς μὲν ἐπήκοον τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἔπεμπεν ἀγγέλους κελεύων τοὺς συνέδρους καλεῖν ἐς τὸ Ἀχαϊκόν, ἰδίᾳ δὲ τοῖς συνέδροις ἐπέστελλεν ἐς τὰς πόλεις ἀπολείπεσθαι σφᾶς τοῦ συλλόγου.
A sharp and irrational passion to make war against the Romans seized this Critolaus; and—for those who had come from Rome to judge the affairs of the Lacedaemonians and Achaeans happened at that time already [to have arrived]—Critolaus came indeed to Tegea in Arcadia to enter into discussions with the men, but he was by no means willing to assemble the Achaeans for them into a common council, but while in the hearing of the Romans he sent messengers ordering them to call the councillors to the Achaean League, privately he sent instructions to the councillors in their cities to absent themselves from the meeting.
§7.14.5ὡς δὲ οὐκ ἀφίκοντο οἱ συνεδρεύσοντες, ἐνταῦθα ὁ Κριτόλαος μάλιστα ἐπεδείκνυτο ἀπάτῃ πρὸς Ῥωμαίους χρώμενος, ὃς ἄλλην ἐκέλευεν ἀναμένειν αὐτοὺς Ἀχαιῶν σύνοδον, ἐς μῆνα ἐσομένην ἕκτον· αὐτὸς δὲ οὐδὲν ἰδίᾳ διαλέξεσθαί σφισιν ἄνευ τοῦ κοινοῦ τοῦ Ἀχαιῶν ἔφασκε.
Since those who were to attend the council did not arrive, Critolaus then especially showed himself practicing deceit toward the Romans, urging them to wait for another assembly of the Achaeans, which would take place in six months; and he said that he himself would discuss nothing with them privately without the common assembly of the Achaeans.
καὶ οἱ μὲν ἐπεὶ ἀπατώμενοι συνῆκαν, ἀπηλλάσσοντο ἐς Ῥώμην· Κριτόλαος δὲ ἐς Κόρινθον Ἀχαιοὺς ἀθροίσας ἀνέπεισε μὲν ἐπιφέρειν ὅπλα ἐπὶ τὴν Σπάρτην, ἀνέπεισε δὲ καὶ Ῥωμαίοις ἐκ τοῦ εὐθέος πόλεμον ἄρασθαι.
And when they understood that they were being deceived, they departed for Rome; but Critolaus, having assembled the Achaeans in Corinth, persuaded them to bear arms against Sparta, and also persuaded them to wage war directly against the Romans.
§7.14.6τὸ μὲν δὴ ἄνδρα βασιλέα καὶ πόλιν ἀνελέσθαι πόλεμον καὶ μὴ εὐτυχῆσαι συνέβη φθόνῳ μᾶλλον ἔκ του δαιμόνων ἢ τοῖς πολεμήσασι ποιεῖ τὸ ἔγκλημα· θρασύτης δὲ ἡ μετὰ ἀσθενείας μανία ἂν μᾶλλον ἢ ἀτυχία καλοῖτο.
Now, for a king or a city to undertake a war and fail, happens through the ill-will of some deity rather than bringing blame upon those who made war; but boldness combined with weakness should be called madness rather than misfortune.
ὃ δὴ καὶ Κριτόλαον καὶ Ἀχαιοὺς ἔβλαψε.
This indeed ruined both Critolaus and the Achaeans.
παρώξυνε δὲ καὶ Ἀχαιοὺς Πυθέας βοιωταρχῶν τηνικαῦτα ἐν Θήβαις, καὶ οἱ Θηβαῖοι συνεπιλήψεσθαι προθύμως ἐπηγγέλλοντο τοῦ πολέμου· §7.14.7ἑαλώκεσαν δὲ οἱ Θηβαῖοι πρώτην δίκην Μετέλλου δικάζοντος Φωκεῦσιν ἐκτῖσαι ζημίαν, ὅτι ἐσέβαλον σὺν ὅπλοις ἐς γῆν τὴν Φωκίδα, δευτέραν Εὐβοεῦσιν, ἐδῄωσαν γὰρ καὶ Εὐβοέων τὴν χώραν, τρίτην δὲ Ἀμφισσεῦσι, τεμόντες καὶ τὴν Ἀμφισσέων περὶ ἀκμὴν σίτου.
Pytheas, who was then Boeotarch in Thebes, also incited the Achaeans, and the Thebans eagerly promised to take part in the war; for the Thebans had already been convicted under the judgment of Metellus, first to pay a fine to the Phocians because they had invaded the Phocian land with arms; secondly, to the Euboeans, for they had also ravaged the land of the Euboeans; and thirdly, to the Amphissians, because they had laid waste their land as well at the time of the ripening of the corn.