§7.11.1Ῥωμαῖοι δὲ αὖθις ἄνδρα ἐκ τῆς βουλῆς καταπέμπουσιν ἐς τὴν Ἑλλάδα· ὄνομα μὲν τῷ ἀνδρὶ ἦν Γάλλος, ἀπέσταλτο δὲ Λακεδαιμονίοις καὶ Ἀργείοις ὑπὲρ γῆς ἀμφισβητουμένης γενέσθαι δικαστής.
The Romans again sent down a man from the senate to Greece; the man's name was Gallus, and he had been sent to be a judge for the Lacedaemonians and Argives concerning disputed land.
οὗτος ὁ Γάλλος ἐς τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν πολλὰ μὲν εἶπε, πολλὰ δὲ καὶ ἔπραξεν ὑπερήφανα, Λακεδαιμονίους δὲ καὶ Ἀργείους τὸ παράπαν ἔθετο ἐν χλευασίᾳ·
This Gallus spoke and did many arrogant things toward the Greek nation, and held the Lacedaemonians and Argives in complete derision.
§7.11.2πόλεσι γὰρ ἐς τοσοῦτο ἡκούσαις ἀξιώματος καὶ ὑπὲρ τῶν ὅρων τῆς χώρας τὰ μὲν παλαιότερα ἐς οὐκ ἀφανῆ πόλεμον καὶ ἔργα οὕτως ἀφειδῆ προαχθείσαις, κριθείσαις δὲ καὶ ὕστερον παρὰ δικαστῇ κοινῷ Φιλίππῳ τῷ Ἀμύντου, αὐτὸς μέν σφισιν ὁ Γάλλος ἀπηξίωσε δικαστὴς καταστῆναι, Καλλικράτει δὲ ἁπάσης τῆς Ἑλλάδος ἀνδρὶ ἀλάστορι ἐπιτρέπει τὴν κρίσιν.
For to cities that had reached such a high degree of dignity and had in older times been led into a no small war and such unsparing deeds for the borders of their territory, and were later judged before a common judge, Philip the son of Amyntas, Gallus himself disdained to act as judge for them, and entrusted the decision to Callicrates, a man who was the evil genius of all Greece.
§7.11.3ἀφίκοντο δὲ ὡς τὸν Γάλλον καὶ Αἰτωλῶν οἱ Πλευρῶνα οἰκοῦντες, συντελείας τῆς ἐς Ἀχαιοὺς ἐθέλοντες ἄφεσιν εὕρασθαι·
There came to Gallus also those of the Aetolians who inhabited Pleuron, wishing to obtain release from their contribution to the Achaeans.
καὶ αὐτοῖς ἐπετράπη μὲν ὑπὸ τοῦ Γάλλου πρεσβείαν ἐπὶ σφῶν αὐτῶν ἰδίᾳ παρὰ Ῥωμαίους ἀποστεῖλαι, ἐπετράπη δὲ ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων συνεδρίου τοῦ Ἀχαιῶν ἀποστῆναι.
And they were permitted by Gallus to send an embassy of their own privately to the Romans, and they were permitted by the Romans to secede from the council of the Achaeans.
προσεπεστάλη δὲ ὑπὸ τῆς βουλῆς τῷ Γάλλῳ πόλεις ὁπόσας ἐστὶν οἷός τε πλείστας ἀφεῖναι συλλόγου τοῦ Ἀχαιῶν.
In addition, instructions were sent to Gallus by the senate to detach as many cities as he was able from the Achaean assembly.
§7.11.4ὁ μὲν δὴ τὰ ἐντεταλμένα ἐποίει, Ἀθηναίων δὲ ὁ δῆμος ἀνάγκῃ πλέον ἢ ἑκουσίως διαρπάζουσιν Ὠρωπὸν ὑπήκοόν σφισιν οὖσαν·
He indeed was doing what had been commanded; but the people of the Athenians, more by necessity than of their own free will, plundered Oropus, which was subject to them.
πενίας γὰρ ἐς τὸ ἔσχατον Ἀθηναῖοι τηνικαῦτα ἧκον ἅτε ὑπὸ Μακεδόνων πολέμῳ πιεσθέντες μάλιστα Ἑλλήνων.
For the Athenians had at that time reached the extreme of poverty, inasmuch as they had been pressed hard by war under the Macedonians, more than any other Greeks.
καταφεύγουσιν οὖν ἐπὶ τὴν Ῥωμαίων βουλὴν οἱ Ὠρώπιοι· καὶ δόξαντες παθεῖν οὐ δίκαια, ἐπεστάλη Σικυωνίοις ὑπὸ τῆς βουλῆς ἐπιβάλλειν σφᾶς Ἀθηναίοις ἐς Ὠρωπίους ζημίαν κατὰ τῆς βλάβης ἧς ἦρξαν τὴν ἀξίαν.
The Oropians therefore fled for refuge to the Roman senate; and since they were deemed to have suffered unjust treatment, instructions were sent by the senate to the Sicyonians to impose upon the Athenians, on behalf of the Oropians, a fine corresponding to the value of the damage they had initiated.
§7.11.5Σικυώνιοι μὲν οὖν οὐκ ἀφικομένοις ἐς καιρὸν τῆς κρίσεως Ἀθηναίοις ζημίαν πεντακόσια τάλαντα ἐπιβάλλουσι, Ῥωμαίων δὲ ἡ βουλὴ δεηθεῖσιν Ἀθηναίοις ἀφίησι πλὴν ταλάντων ἑκατὸν τὴν ἄλλην ζημίαν·
The Sicyonians, accordingly, imposed a fine of five hundred talents upon the Athenians, since they did not arrive in time for the trial. But the Roman senate, upon the petition of the Athenians, remitted the rest of the fine except for a hundred talents.
ἐξέτισαν δὲ οὐδὲ ταῦτα οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι, ἀλλὰ ὑποσχέσεσι καὶ δώροις ὑπελθόντες Ὠρωπίους ὑπάγονται σφᾶς ἐς ὁμολογίαν φρουράν τε Ἀθηναίων ἐσελθεῖν ἐς Ὠρωπὸν καὶ ὁμήρους λαβεῖν παρὰ Ὠρωπίων Ἀθηναίους·
But the Athenians did not even pay this sum; instead, by winning over the Oropians with promises and gifts, they brought them to an agreement that an Athenian garrison should enter Oropus, and that the Athenians should take hostages from the Oropians.
ἢν δὲ αὖθις ἐς Ἀθηναίους γένηται ἔγκλημα Ὠρωπίοις, τὴν φρουρὰν τότε ἀπάγειν παρʼ αὐτῶν Ἀθηναίους, ἀποδοῦναι δὲ καὶ ὀπίσω τοὺς ὁμήρους.
And if the Oropians should again have a complaint against the Athenians, the Athenians were then to withdraw the garrison from them and also return the hostages.
§7.11.6χρόνος τε δὴ οὐ πολὺς ὁ μεταξὺ ἤνυστο, καὶ τῶν φρουρῶν ἀδικοῦσιν ἄνδρες Ὠρωπίους.
Not much time indeed had elapsed between, when some men of the garrison committed injustice against the Oropians.
οἱ μὲν δὴ ἐς τὰς Ἀθήνας ἀπέστελλον ὁμήρους τε ἀπαιτήσοντας καὶ φρουράν σφισιν ἐξάγειν κατὰ τὰ συγκείμενα ἐροῦντας·
The Oropians therefore sent to Athens to demand the hostages back and to tell them to withdraw the garrison from them according to the agreement.
Ἀθηναῖοι δὲ οὐδέτερα ἔφασαν ποιήσειν, ἀνθρώπων γὰρ τῶν ἐπὶ τῇ φρουρᾷ καὶ οὐ τοῦ Ἀθηναίων δήμου τὸ ἁμάρτημα εἶναι· τοὺς μέντοι αὐτὰ εἰργασμένους ἐπηγγέλλοντο ὑφέξειν δίκην.
But the Athenians said they would do neither, for the wrongdoing was that of the men on garrison duty and not of the Athenian people; however, they promised that those who had done the deeds should stand trial.
§7.11.7οἱ δὲ Ὠρώπιοι καταφεύγοντες ἐπὶ Ἀχαιοὺς ἐδέοντο τιμωρῆσαί σφισιν·
The Oropians, fleeing for refuge to the Achaeans, begged them to help them.
Ἀχαιοῖς δὲ ἤρεσκε μὴ τιμωρεῖν φιλίᾳ τε καὶ αἰδοῖ τῇ Ἀθηναίων.
But the Achaeans thought it best not to help, out of friendship and respect for the Athenians.
ἐνταῦθα οἱ Ὠρώπιοι Μεναλκίδᾳ, Λακεδαιμονίῳ μὲν γένος, στρατηγοῦντι δὲ ἐν τῷ τότε Ἀχαιῶν, ὑπισχνοῦνται δέκα ταλάντων δόσιν, ἤν σφισιν ἐπικουρεῖν Ἀχαιοὺς ἄγῃ·
Thereupon the Oropians promised a gift of ten talents to Menalcidas, a Lacedaemonian by birth, who was then general of the Achaeans, if he would lead the Achaeans to assist them.
ὁ δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν χρημάτων μεταδώσειν Καλλικράτει τὸ ἥμισυ ὑπισχνεῖτο, ἰσχύοντι διὰ φιλίαν τὴν Ρωμαίων ἐν Ἀχαιοῖς μέγιστον.
And he promised to share half of the money with Callicrates, who had the greatest influence among the Achaeans on account of his friendship with the Romans.
§7.11.8προσγενομένου δὲ τοῦ Καλλικράτους πρὸς τὴν Μεναλκίδου γνώμην ἐκεκύρωτο κατὰ Ἀθηναίων ἀμύνειν Ὠρωπίοις.
And when Callicrates had acceded to the opinion of Menalcidas, it was decreed to defend the Oropians against the Athenians.
καί τις ἐξαγγέλλει ταῦτα ἐς τοὺς Ἀθηναίους·
And someone reported this to the Athenians.
οἱ δὲ ὡς ἕκαστος τάχους εἶχεν ἐς τὸν Ὠρωπὸν ἐλθόντες καὶ αὖθις κατασύραντες εἴ τι ἐν ταῖς προτέραις παρεῖτό σφισιν ἁρπαγαῖς, ἀπάγουσι τὴν φρουράν.
And they, coming to Oropus as fast as each could, and having plundered again whatever had been left behind in their former plunderings, withdrew the garrison.
Ἀχαιοὺς δὲ ὑστερήσαντας τῆς βοηθείας Μεναλκίδας μὲν καὶ Καλλικράτης ἐσβάλλειν ἐς τὴν Ἀττικὴν ἔπειθον·
Since the Achaeans had arrived too late to bring help, Menalcidas and Callicrates tried to persuade them to invade Attica.
ἀνθισταμένων δὲ ἄλλων τε αὐτοῖς καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα τῶν ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος, ἀνεχώρησεν ὀπίσω τὸ στράτευμα.
But as others, and not least those from Lacedaemon, opposed them, the army retreated.