§2.26.1κατὰ δὲ τὴν Λῆσσαν ἔχεται τῆς Ἀργείας ἡ Ἐπιδαυρίων· πρὶν δὲ ἢ κατʼ αὐτὴν γενέσθαι τὴν πόλιν, ἐπὶ τὸ ἱερὸν ἀφίξῃ τοῦ Ἀσκληπιοῦ.
Beyond Lessa, the Epidaurian territory adjoins the Argive; and before you come to the city itself, you will arrive at the sanctuary of Asclepius.
ταύτην τὴν χώραν οὐκ οἶδα οἵτινες πρότερον ᾤκησαν πρὶν Ἐπίδαυρον ἐλθεῖν ἐς αὐτήν· οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ τοὺς ἀπογόνους Ἐπιδαύρου πυθέσθαι παρὰ τῶν ἐπιχωρίων ἐδυνάμην.
I do not know who inhabited this land before Epidaurus came into it; nor indeed was I able to learn from the natives about the descendants of Epidaurus.
τελευταῖον δὲ πρὶν ἢ παραγενέσθαι Δωριέας ἐς Πελοπόννησον βασιλεῦσαί φασι Πιτυρέα Ἴωνος ἀπόγονον τοῦ Ξούθου.
But last of all, before the Dorians arrived in the Peloponnese, they say that Pityreus, a descendant of Ion son of Xuthus, reigned as king.
τοῦτον παραδοῦναι λέγουσιν ἀμαχεὶ τὴν γῆν Δηιφόντῃ καὶ Ἀργείοις·
They say that he handed over the land without a fight to Deiphontes and the Argives.
§2.26.2καὶ ὁ μὲν ἐς Ἀθήνας ὁμοῦ τοῖς πολίταις ἀφικόμενος ἐνταῦθα ᾤκησε, Δηιφόντης δὲ καὶ Ἀργεῖοι τὴν Ἐπιδαυρίαν ἔσχον.
And while he (Pityreus) arrived at Athens along with his citizens and settled there, Deiphontes and the Argives held the Epidaurian territory.
ἀπεσχίσθησαν δὲ οὗτοι τῶν ἄλλων Ἀργείων Τημένου τελευτήσαντος, Δηιφόντης μὲν καὶ Ὑρνηθὼ κατʼ ἔχθος τῶν Τημένου παίδων, ὁ δὲ σὺν αὐτοῖς στρατὸς Δηιφόντῃ καὶ Ὑρνηθοῖ πλέον ἢ Κείσῳ καὶ τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς νέμοντες.
But they were separated from the other Argives after the death of Temenus, Deiphontes and Hyrnetho because of their hatred towards the sons of Temenus, and the army with them because they favored Deiphontes and Hyrnetho more than Ceisus and his brothers.
Ἐπίδαυρος δέ, ἀφʼ οὗ τὸ ὄνομα τῇ γῇ ἐτέθη, ὡς μέν φασιν Ἠλεῖοι, Πέλοπος ἦν· κατὰ δὲ Ἀργείων δόξαν καὶ τὰ ἔπη τὰς μεγάλας Ἠοίας ἦν Ἐπιδαύρῳ πατὴρ Ἄργος ὁ Διός· Ἐπιδαύριοι δὲ Ἀπόλλωνι Ἐπίδαυρον παῖδα προσποιοῦσιν.
As for Epidaurus, after whom the name was given to the land, according to the Eleans, he was a son of Pelops; but according to the opinion of the Argives and the epic poem, 'The Great Eoiae', the father of Epidaurus was Argos, the son of Zeus; while the Epidaurians themselves claim Epidaurus as a child of Apollo.
§2.26.3Ἀσκληπιοῦ δὲ ἱερὰν μάλιστα εἶναι τὴν γῆν ἐπὶ λόγῳ συμβέβηκε τοιῷδε.
That the land is especially sacred to Asclepius has happened according to a story like this.
Φλεγύαν Ἐπιδαύριοί φασιν ἐλθεῖν ἐς Πελοπόννησον πρόφασιν μὲν ἐπὶ θέᾳ τῆς χώρας, ἔργῳ δὲ κατάσκοπον πλήθους τῶν ἐνοικούντων καὶ εἰ τὸ πολὺ μάχιμον εἴη τῶν ἀνθρώπων·
The Epidaurians say that Phlegyas came to the Peloponnese, on the pretext of sightseeing in the country, but in fact to spy out the number of inhabitants and to see if the majority of the people were fit for war.
ἦν γὰρ δὴ Φλεγύας πολεμικώτατος τῶν τότε καὶ ἐπιὼν ἑκάστοτε ἐφʼ οὓς τύχοι τοὺς καρποὺς ἔφερε καὶ ἤλαυνε τὴν λείαν.
For Phlegyas was indeed the most warlike of the men of that time, and making incursions on each occasion against whomsoever he happened to attack, he carried off the crops and drove away the booty.
§2.26.4ὅτε δὲ παρεγένετο ἐς Πελοπόννησον, εἵπετο ἡ θυγάτηρ αὐτῷ, λεληθυῖα ἔτι τὸν πατέρα ὅτι ἐξ Ἀπόλλωνος εἶχεν ἐν γαστρί.
When he arrived in the Peloponnese, his daughter followed him, still keeping it secret from her father that she was pregnant by Apollo.
ὡς δὲ ἐν τῇ γῇ τῇ Ἐπιδαυρίων ἔτεκεν, ἐκτίθησι τὸν παῖδα ἐς τὸ ὄρος τοῦτο ὃ δὴ Τίτθιον ὀνομάζουσιν ἐφʼ ἡμῶν, τηνικαῦτα δὲ ἐκαλεῖτο Μύρτιον·
When she gave birth in the land of the Epidaurians, she exposed the child on this mountain which indeed they call Titthion in our time, but then it was called Myrtion.
ἐκκειμένῳ δὲ ἐδίδου μέν οἱ γάλα μία τῶν περὶ τὸ ὄρος ποιμαινομένων αἰγῶν, ἐφύλασσε δὲ ὁ κύων ὁ τοῦ αἰπολίου φρουρός.
While it lay exposed, one of the goats that were pastured around the mountain gave it milk, and the dog that guarded the flock of goats watched over it.
§2.26.5Ἀρεσθάνας δὲ—ὄνομα γὰρ τῷ ποιμένι τοῦτο ἦν—ὡς τὸν ἀριθμὸν οὐχ εὕρισκεν ὁμολογοῦντα τῶν αἰγῶν καὶ ὁ κύων ἅμα ἀπεστάτει τῆς ποίμνης, οὕτω τὸν Ἀρεσθάναν ἐς πᾶν φασιν ἀφικνεῖσθαι ζητήσεως, εὑρόντα δὲ ἐπιθυμῆσαι τὸν παῖδα ἀνελέσθαι·
Aresthanas—for this was the name of the shepherd—when he did not find the number of his goats agreeing and at the same time the dog was absent from the flock, they say that Aresthanas went to every length in his search, and on finding the child, he desired to lift it up.
καὶ ὡς ἐγγὺς ἐγίνετο, ἀστραπὴν ἰδεῖν ἐκλάμψασαν ἀπὸ τοῦ παιδός, νομίσαντα δὲ εἶναι θεῖόν τι, ὥσπερ ἦν, ἀποτραπέσθαι.
And as he came near, he saw a lightning flash shining from the child, and thinking it to be something divine, as indeed it was, he turned away.
ὁ δὲ αὐτίκα ἐπὶ γῆν καὶ θάλασσαν πᾶσαν ἠγγέλλετο τά τε ἄλλα ὁπόσα βούλοιτο εὑρίσκειν ἐπὶ τοῖς κάμνουσι καὶ ὅτι ἀνίστησι τεθνεῶτας.
At once the child’s fame was reported over all land and sea, that he discovered all other cures for those who were sick, and that he raised the dead.
§2.26.6λέγεται δὲ καὶ ἄλλος ἐπʼ αὐτῷ λόγος, Κορωνίδα κύουσαν Ἀσκληπιὸν Ἴσχυι τῷ Ἐλάτου συγγενέσθαι, καὶ τὴν μὲν ἀποθανεῖν ὑπὸ Ἀρτέμιδος ἀμυνομένης τῆς ἐς τὸν Ἀπόλλωνα ὕβρεως, ἐξημμένης δὲ ἤδη τῆς πυρᾶς ἁρπάσαι λέγεται τὸν παῖδα Ἑρμῆς ἀπὸ τῆς φλογός.
There is also another story told about him, that Coronis, while pregnant with Asclepius, cohabited with Ischys son of Elatus, and that she died under Artemis punishing her insult to Apollo; but when the pyre was already kindled, Hermes is said to have snatched the child from the flame.
§2.26.7ὁ δὲ τρίτος τῶν λόγων ἥκιστα ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν ἀληθής ἐστιν, Ἀρσινόης ποιήσας εἶναι τῆς Λευκίππου παῖδα Ἀσκληπιόν.
The third of the stories is in my opinion least true, which by poetry makes Asclepius a son of Arsinoe, the daughter of Leucippus.
Ἀπολλοφάνει γὰρ τῷ Ἀρκάδι ἐς Δελφοὺς ἐλθόντι καὶ ἐρομένῳ τὸν θεὸν εἰ γένοιτο ἐξ Ἀρσινόης Ἀσκληπιὸς καὶ Μεσσηνίοις πολίτης εἴη, ἔχρησεν ἡ Πυθία· "
ὦ μέγα χάρμα βροτοῖς βλαστὼν Ἀσκληπιὲ πᾶσιν,
ὃν Φλεγυηὶς ἔτικτεν ἐμοὶ φιλότητι μιγεῖσα
ἱμερόεσσα Κορωνὶς ἐνὶ κραναῇ Ἐπιδαύρῳ. "
οὗτος ὁ χρησμὸς δηλοῖ μάλιστα οὐκ ὄντα Ἀσκληπιὸν Ἀρσινόης, ἀλλὰ Ἡσίοδον ἢ τῶν τινα ἐμπεποιηκότων ἐς τὰ Ἡσιόδου τὰ ἔπη συνθέντα ἐς τὴν Μεσσηνίων χάριν.
For to Apollophanes the Arcadian, when he came to Delphi and asked the god if Asclepius was born of Arsinoe and was a citizen for the Messenians, the Pythia gave this oracle: "O Asclepius, born as a great joy to all mortals, whom the daughter of Phlegyas, the lovely Coronis, bore to me in love, having mingled in rocky Epidaurus." This oracle shows most clearly that Asclepius was not a son of Arsinoe, but that Hesiod, or someone who interpolated into the poems of Hesiod, composed this genealogy to please the Messenians.
§2.26.8μαρτυρεῖ δέ μοι καὶ τόδε ἐν Ἐπιδαύρῳ τὸν θεὸν γενέσθαι· τὰ γὰρ Ἀσκληπιεῖα εὑρίσκω τὰ ἐπιφανέστατα γεγονότα ἐξ Ἐπιδαύρου.
And this also bears witness to me that the god was born in Epidaurus; for I find that the most famous sanctuaries of Asclepius (Asclepieia) have arisen from Epidaurus.
τοῦτο μὲν γὰρ Ἀθηναῖοι, τῆς τελετῆς λέγοντες Ἀσκληπιῷ μεταδοῦναι, τὴν ἡμέραν ταύτην Ἐπιδαύρια ὀνομάζουσι καὶ θεὸν ἀπʼ ἐκείνου φασὶν Ἀσκληπιόν σφισι νομισθῆναι· τοῦτο δὲ Ἀρχίας ὁ Ἀρισταίχμου, τὸ συμβὰν σπάσμα θηρεύοντί οἱ περὶ τὸν Πίνδασον ἰαθεὶς ἐν τῇ Ἐπιδαυρίᾳ, τὸν θεὸν ἐπηγάγετο ἐς Πέργαμον.
For on the one hand, the Athenians, saying they shared the initiation with Asclepius, call this day 'Epidauria' and say that Asclepius was from that time considered a god by them; and on the other hand, Archias son of Aristaechmus, having been cured of a sprain that befell him while hunting around Mount Pindasus in the Epidaurian territory, introduced the god to Pergamum.
§2.26.9ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ Περγαμηνῶν Σμυρναίοις γέγονεν ἐφʼ ἡμῶν Ἀσκληπιεῖον τὸ ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ.
And from that of the Pergamenes, there arose in my time the Asclepieion by the sea for the Smyrnaeans.
τὸ δʼ ἐν Βαλάγραις ταῖς Κυρηναίων ἐστὶν Ἀσκληπιὸς καλούμενος Ἰατρὸς ἐξ Ἐπιδαύρου καὶ οὗτος.
And the sanctuary in Balagrae of the Cyrenaeans is also called 'Asclepius the Physician', and this one too is from Epidaurus.
ἐκ δὲ τοῦ παρὰ Κυρηναίοις τὸ ἐν Λεβήνῃ τῇ Κρητῶν ἐστιν Ἀσκληπιεῖον.
And from the one among the Cyrenaeans is the Asclepieion in Lebene of the Cretans.
διάφορον δὲ Κυρηναίοις τοσόνδε ἐς Ἐπιδαυρίους ἐστίν, ὅτι αἶγας οἱ Κυρηναῖοι θύουσιν, Ἐπιδαυρίοις οὐ καθεστηκότος.
The difference between the Cyrenaeans and the Epidaurians is this much, that the Cyrenaeans sacrifice goats, which is not established for the Epidaurians.
§2.26.10θεὸν δὲ Ἀσκληπιὸν νομισθέντα ἐξ ἀρχῆς καὶ οὐκ ἀνὰ χρόνον λαβόντα τὴν φήμην τεκμηρίοις καὶ ἄλλοις εὑρίσκω καὶ Ὁμήρου μαρτυρεῖ μοι τὰ περὶ Μαχάονος ὑπὸ Ἀγαμέμνονος εἰρημένα
"
Ταλθύβιʼ, ὅττι τάχιστα Μαχάονα δεῦρο κάλεσσον
φῶτʼ Ἀσκληπιοῦ υἱόν,
"
ὡς ἂν εἰ λέγοι θεοῦ παῖδα ἄνθρωπον.
That Asclepius was considered a god from the beginning, and did not acquire the reputation in course of time, I find both from other proofs, and the words spoken by Agamemnon concerning Machaon in Homer bear witness to me: "Talthybius, summon Machaon hither as quickly as possible, the man who is the son of Asclepius," as if he would say a man who is the child of a god.