Humanitext Reader

Pausanias · Description of Greece §10.33.7-10.33.12

Ruins of Parapotamioi and the Cities around Amphikleia

Passage 459 of 465 · Greek

Summary

Pausanias discusses the fertile land of the Cephisus basin and the lost city of Parapotamioi, referencing Herodotus, and goes on to describe the legends, sanctuaries, and history of cities like Amphikleia, Tithronion, and Drymaia.

§10.33.7γῆ δὲ διακεκριμένη ἀρίστη τῆς Φωκίδος ἐστὶν ἡ παρὰ τὸν Κηφισὸν καὶ φυτεῦσαι καὶ σπείρειν καὶ ἀνεῖναι νομάς· καὶ γεωργεῖται ταῦτα μάλιστα τῆς χώρας, ὥστε καὶ λόγος ἐστὶ πόλιν μὲν Παραποταμίους μὴ ὀνομασθῆναι, ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν παρὰ τὸν Κηφισὸν γεωργούντων πεποιῆσθαι τὸ ἔπος, " οἵ τʼ ἄρα πὰρ ποταμὸν Κηφισὸν δῖον ἔναιον. "
The land along the Cephisus is by far the best of Phocis, whether for planting trees, sowing seed, or letting out pasture; and this part of the country is cultivated most of all, so that there is even a story that no city was named Parapotamioi, but that the epic verse was made about those who farmed along the Cephisus: "And they indeed dwelt by the divine river Cephisus.
§10.33.8τούτῳ τῷ λόγῳ διάφορα μὲν ἐν τῇ Ἡροδότου συγγραφῇ, διάφορα δέ ἐστιν αὐτῷ καὶ ὅσα ἐπὶ ταῖς νίκαις ταῖς Πυθικαῖς μνημονεύουσιν· Ἀμφικτύονες γὰρ Πύθια ἐτίθεσαν πρῶτον, καὶ Αἰχμέας Παραποτάμιος πυγμὴν ἐνίκησεν ἐν παισίν·
"With this story both the history of Herodotus is at variance, and also all the records of the Pythian victories; for when the Amphictyons first held the Pythian games, Aichmeas of Parapotamioi won the boxing match among boys.
ὡσαύτως δὲ Ἡρόδοτος καταλέγων τὰς πόλεις, ὅσας βασιλεὺς Ξέρξης τῶν ἐν Φωκεῦσιν ἐνέπρησε, καὶ Παραποταμίους κατείλοχεν ἐν αὐταῖς πόλιν.
Similarly, Herodotus, in his list of the cities of Phocis which King Xerxes burnt, has included Parapotamioi among them as a city.
οὐ μέντοι οἱ Παραποτάμιοί γε ὑπὸ Ἀθηναίων καὶ Βοιωτῶν ἀνῳκίσθησαν, ἀλλὰ ἐς τὰς ἄλλας πόλεις οἱ ἄνθρωποι κατενεμήθησαν ὑπό τε ἀσθενείας καὶ σπάνει χρημάτων.
However, Parapotamioi was not rebuilt by the Athenians and Boeotians, but the people were distributed into the other cities due to weakness and lack of money.
Παραποταμίων μὲν δὴ οὔτε ἐρείπια ἔτι ἦν οὔτε ἔνθα τῆς χώρας ᾠκίσθη ἡ πόλις μνημονεύουσιν·
Indeed, there were no longer even ruins of Parapotamioi, nor do they remember where in the territory the city was built.
§10.33.9ὁδὸς δὲ ἡ ἐς Ἀμφίκλειαν σταδίων ἐκ Λιλαίας ἐστὶν ἑξήκοντα.
The road from Lilaia to Amphikleia is sixty stades.
ταύτην τὴν Ἀμφίκλειαν ἐλυμήναντο οἱ ἐπιχώριοι τῷ ὀνόματι, καὶ Ἡρόδοτος μὲν Ἀμφίκαιαν ἐκάλεσεν ἑπόμενος τῷ ἀρχαιοτάτῳ τῶν λόγων, Ἀμφικτύονες δὲ δόγμα ἐπὶ τῇ τῶν πόλεων ἀπωλείᾳ τῶν ἐν Φωκεῦσιν ἐξενεγκόντες ὄνομα ἔθεντο αὐτῇ Ἀμφίκλειαν.
This Amphikleia the locals corrupted in its name; and Herodotus called it Amphikaia, following the oldest of the traditions, but the Amphictyons, when they issued a decree on the destruction of the cities in Phocis, gave it the name Amphikleia.
οἱ δὲ ἐπιχώριοι τοιάδε ἐπʼ αὐτῇ λέγουσι· δυνάστην ἄνδρα ἐπιβουλὴν ἐχθρῶν ὑποπτεύσαντα ἐς νήπιον παῖδα καταθέσθαι τὸν παῖδα ἐς ἀγγεῖον, καὶ ἀποκρύψαι τῆς χώρας ἔνθα οἱ ἄδειαν ἔσεσθαι πλείστην ἠπίστατο.
The locals tell the following story about it: a ruler, suspecting a plot of his enemies against his infant son, put the boy into a vessel and hid him in a part of the country where he knew there would be the greatest safety for him.
λύκον μὲν δὴ ἐπιχειρεῖν τῷ παιδί, δράκοντα δὲ ἰσχυρὰν ἔχειν τὴν φρουρὰν ἐσπειραμένον περὶ τὸ ἀγγεῖον.
A wolf indeed made an attempt on the child, but a snake, coiled around the vessel, kept a strong guard.
§10.33.10ὡς δὲ ὁ πατὴρ ἦλθε τοῦ παιδός, τὸν δράκοντα ἐπιβουλεῦσαι τῷ παιδὶ ἐλπίζων ἀφίησι τὸ ἀκόντιον, καὶ ἐκεῖνόν τε καὶ ὁμοῦ τῷ δράκοντι τὸν παῖδα ἀπέκτεινε·
When the father of the child came, hoping that the snake was plotting against the child, he let fly his javelin, and killed both the snake and the child together.
διδαχθεὶς δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν ποιμαινόντων ὡς εὐεργέτην καὶ φύλακα τοῦ παιδὸς ἀπεκτονὼς εἴη, πυρὰν τῷ δράκοντι καὶ τῷ παιδὶ ἐποίησεν ἐν κοινῷ.
But when he was informed by the shepherds that he had killed the benefactor and guardian of his child, he made a common funeral pyre for the snake and the child.
τό τε δὴ χωρίον ἐοικέναι καὶ ἐς τόδε καιομένῃ πυρᾷ φασι καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ δράκοντος ἐκείνου τὴν πόλιν ἐθέλουσιν Ὀφιτείαν ὀνομασθῆναι.
They say that the place even to this day resembles a burning pyre, and they wish the city to be named Ophiteia after that snake.
§10.33.11†ἃ μάλιστα ἄξιον Διονύσῳ δρῶσιν ὄργια, ἔσοδος δὲ ἐς τὸ ἄδυτον οὐδὲ ἐν φανερῷ σφισιν †ἄγαλμα οὐκ ἔστι. λέγεται δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀμφικλειέων μάντιν τέ σφισι τὸν θεὸν τοῦτον καὶ βοηθὸν νόσων καθεστηκέναι· τὰ μὲν δὴ νοσήματα αὐτοῖς Ἀμφικλειεῦσι καὶ τοῖς προσοικοῦσιν ἰᾶται διʼ ὀνειράτων, πρόμαντις δὲ ὁ ἱερεύς ἐστι, χρῷ δὲ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ κάτοχος.
†They perform mysteries which are most worthy of Dionysus, but there is no entrance into the adytum, nor is there a public image among them.† It is said by the Amphikleians that this god is established for them as a prophet and a helper in sicknesses; indeed, he heals diseases for the Amphikleians themselves and for their neighbors through dreams, and the priest is the interpreter of the oracle, and he delivers the responses when possessed by the god.
§10.33.12Ἀμφικλείας δὲ ἀπωτέρω σταδίοις πεντεκαίδεκά ἐστι Τιθρώνιον ἐν πεδίῳ κειμένη· παρέχεται δὲ οὐδὲν ἐς μνήμην.
Fifteen stades further from Amphikleia is Tithronion, situated in a plain; it offers nothing for remembrance.
ἐκ Τιθρωνίου δὲ εἴκοσιν ἐς Δρυμαίαν στάδιοι· καθʼ ὅ τι δὲ αὕτη ἡ ὁδὸς καὶ ἡ ἐς Δρυμαίαν ἐξ Ἀμφικλείας ἡ εὐθεῖα περὶ τὸν Κηφισὸν συμμίσγουσιν, ἔστιν Ἀπόλλωνος Τιθρωνεῦσιν ἐνταῦθα ἄλσος τε καὶ βωμοί.
From Tithronion it is twenty stades to Drymaia; and where this road and the straight one to Drymaia from Amphikleia join near the Cephisus, there is a grove and altars of Apollo for the Tithronians.
πεποίηται δὲ καὶ ναός· ἄγαλμα δὲ οὐκ ἔστιν.
A temple has also been built, but there is no image.
ἀπέχει δὲ Ἀμφικλείας ἡ Δρυμαία σταδίους ὀγδοήκοντα ἀποτραπέντι ἐς ἀριστερά κατὰ Ἡροδότου τοὺς λόγους, Ναυβολεῖς δὲ τὰ ἀρχαιότερα· καὶ οἰκιστὴν οἱ ἐνταῦθα γενέσθαι σφίσι Φώκου παῖδά φασι τοῦ Αἰακοῦ.
Drymaia is eighty stades distant from Amphikleia if one turns to the left, according to Herodotus' account, but in more ancient times it was called Nauboleis; and the people here say that a son of Phocus, the son of Aeacus, became their founder.
Δήμητρος δὲ Θεσμοφόρου Δρυμαίοις ἱερόν ἐστιν ἀρχαῖον, καὶ ἄγαλμα ὀρθὸν λίθου πεποίηται, καὶ αὐτῇ Θεσμοφόρια ἑορτὴν ἄγουσιν ἐπέτειον.
There is an ancient sanctuary of Demeter Thesmophoros for the Drymaeans, and a standing image of stone has been made, and they hold an annual festival, the Thesmophoria, for her.

Notes

  1. 10.33.7φυτεῦσαι καὶ σπείρειν καὶ ἀνεῖναι — These infinitives function as epexegetical (explanatory) infinitives modifying the superlative adjective ἀρίστη (or the noun γῆ), specifying in what respects the land is the best.
  2. 10.33.8τούτῳ τῷ λόγῳ διάφορα — The adjective διάφορος (at variance, different) takes the dative (τούτῳ τῷ λόγῳ) to express 'at variance with this story', showing how Herodotus' history and the Pythian records conflict with the theory that the city of Parapotamioi never existed.
  3. 10.33.9οἱ ἄδειαν ἔσεσθαι πλείστην ἠπίστατο — This clause contains an accusative with infinitive construction (with the future infinitive ἔσεσθαι) in indirect discourse. The pronoun οἱ is the dative singular of the third-person pronoun (indirectly reflexive or demonstrative), referring either to the father (the subject of the main verb) finding safety, or to the child.
  4. 10.33.11χρῷ δὲ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ κάτοχος — The word χρῷ is understood as a variant of the third-person singular present middle-passive (χρᾷ / χρῇ) of the verb χράω (to deliver an oracle), with the priest (ἱερεύς) as the subject: 'and the priest is the interpreter, and he delivers the responses (χρῷ) when possessed (κάτοχος) by the god'.

Cite this passage

Pausanias, Description of Greece §10.33.7-10.33.12. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:10.33.7-10.33.12

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