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Pausanias · Description of Greece §10.3.1-10.3.4

End of the Sacred War and the Rebuilding of Phocis

Passage 414 of 465 · Greek

Summary

Philip of Macedon brought the Sacred War to an end, destroying the cities of Phocis and depriving them of their assembly votes. Later, with Athenian and Theban aid, the Phocians rebuilt their cities and fought actively against external enemies to redeem themselves from past guilt.

§10.3.1δεκάτῳ δὲ ὕστερον ἔτει μετὰ τὴν τοῦ ἱεροῦ κατάληψιν ἐπέθηκεν ὁ Φίλιππος πέρας τῷ πολέμῳ, Φωκικῷ τε καὶ ἱερῷ κληθέντι τῷ αὐτῷ, Θεοφίλου μὲν Ἀθήνῃσιν ἄρχοντος, ὀγδόης δὲ Ὀλυμπιάδος καὶ ἑκατοστῆς ἔτει πρώτῳ, ἣν Πολυκλῆς ἐνίκα στάδιον Κυρηναῖος.
In the tenth year after the seizure of the sanctuary, Philip put an end to the war, which was called both the Phocian and the Sacred War, when Theophilus was archon in Athens, in the first year of the hundred and eighth Olympiad, in which Polyclis of Cyrene won the stadion.
καὶ ἐς ἔδαφος ἁλοῦσαι κατεβλήθησαν τῶν Φωκέων αἱ πόλεις· ἀριθμὸς δὲ ἦν αὐτῶν Λίλαια καὶ Ὑάμπολις καὶ Ἀντίκυρα καὶ Παραποτάμιοι καὶ Πανοπεύς τε καὶ Δαυλίς.
And the cities of the Phocians, having been captured, were razed to the ground; their number consisted of Lilaea, Hyampolis, Anticyra, Parapotamii, Panopeus, and Daulis.
τούτων μὲν δὴ ὄνομα ἦν ἐκ παλαιοῦ, καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα ἐπῶν ἕνεκα τῶν Ὁμήρου· §10.3.2τὰς δὲ αὐτῶν ἡ στρατιὰ καταπρήσασα ἡ μετὰ Ξέρξου γνωριμωτέρας οὐχ ἥκιστα ἐπῶν ἕνεκα τῶν Ὁμήρου· τὰς δὲ αὐτῶν ἡ στρατιὰ καταπρήσασα ἡ μετὰ Ξέρξου γνωριμωτέρας ἐς τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν ἐποίησεν, Ἐρωχὸν καὶ Χαράδραν καὶ Ἀμφίκλειαν καὶ Νεῶνας καὶ Τεθρώνιον καὶ Δρυμαίαν.
The names of these indeed had been known of old, and not least on account of the epic poetry of Homer; and some of them, the army with Xerxes having burned them, became more well-known, not least on account of the epic poetry of Homer; and some of them, the army with Xerxes having burned them, made more well-known to the Greek world, namely, Erochus, Charadra, Amphicleia, Neones, Tethronium, and Drymaea.
αἱ δὲ ἄλλαι πλήν γε δὴ Ἐλατείας τὰ πρότερα οὐκ ἐπιφανεῖς ἦσαν, Τραχίς τε ἡ Φωκικὴ καὶ Μεδεὼν ὁ Φωκικὸς καὶ Ἐχεδάμεια καὶ Ἄμβροσσος καὶ Λέδων καὶ Φλυγόνιον ἔτι καὶ Στῖρις.
But the other cities, except indeed for Elateia, were not famous in former times, namely, the Phocian Trachis, the Phocian Medeon, Echedameia, Ambrossus, Ledon, and furthermore Phlygonium and Stiris.
τότε δὲ κατεσκάφησάν τε αἱ κατειλεγμέναι καὶ ἐς κώμας πλὴν Ἄβας ᾠκίσθησαν αἱ ἄλλαι· Ἀβαίοις δὲ ἐκτὸς ἀσεβείας ὑπῆρχε καθεστηκέναι, καὶ οὔτε τοῦ ἱεροῦ τῆς καταλήψεως οὔτε τοῦ πολέμου μετεσχήκεσαν.
At that time, the cities listed were razed, and the others, except for Abae, were settled into villages; for it was established for the inhabitants of Abae to be free from impiety, and they had taken part neither in the seizure of the sanctuary nor in the war.
§10.3.3ἀφῃρέθησαν δὲ οἱ Φωκεῖς καὶ μετεῖναί σφισιν ἱεροῦ τοῦ ἐν Δελφοῖς καὶ συνόδου τῆς ἐς τὸ Ἑλληνικόν, καὶ τὰς ψήφους αὐτῶν Μακεδόσιν ἔδοσαν οἱ Ἀμφικτύονες.
And the Phocians were deprived of having a share in the sanctuary in Delphi and in the general assembly of the Greeks, and the Amphictyons gave their votes to the Macedonians.
ἀνὰ χρόνον μέντοι τοῖς Φωκεῦσιν αἱ πόλεις ἀνῳκίσθησαν καὶ ἐς τὰς πατρίδας κατήχθησαν ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν, πλὴν εἰ μὴ ἀνοικισθῆναί τινας ἐκώλυσεν ἀσθένειά τε ἡ ἐξ ἀρχῆς καὶ ἡ τῶν χρημάτων ἐν τῷ τότε ἔνδεια· Ἀθηναῖοι δὲ καὶ Θηβαῖοι σφᾶς ἦσαν οἱ κατάγοντες, πρὶν ἢ τὸ ἐν Χαιρωνείᾳ συμβῆναι πταῖσμα Ἕλλησι.
In course of time, however, the cities were rebuilt for the Phocians, and they were brought back from the villages to their homelands, except if their original weakness and the lack of money at that time prevented some from being rebuilt; and it was the Athenians and the Thebans who restored them, before the disaster at Chaeronea befell the Greeks.
§10.3.4καὶ ἀγῶνος τοῦ ἐν Χαιρωνείᾳ μετέσχον οἱ Φωκεῖς, καὶ ὕστερον περὶ Λάμιαν καὶ ἐν Κραννῶνι ἐναντία Ἀντιπάτρου καὶ Μακεδόνων ἐμαχέσαντο· Γαλάτας δὲ καὶ τὴν Κελτικὴν στρατιὰν προθυμότατα ἠμύνοντο Ἑλλήνων, θεῷ τε τιμωροῦντες τῷ ἐν Δελφοῖς καὶ ἐς ἀπολογίαν ἅμα ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν τῶν ἀρχαίων ἐγκλημάτων.
And the Phocians took part in the battle at Chaeronea, and later near Lamia and at Crannon they fought against Antipater and the Macedonians; and they defended themselves against the Galatians and the Celtic army most zealously of all the Greeks, both championing the god in Delphi and, as it seems to me, at the same time making an apology for their ancient crimes.

Notes

  1. §10.3.2τὰς δὲ αὐτῶν ἡ στρατιὰ καταπρήσασα ἡ μετὰ Ξέρξου γνωριμωτέρας οὐχ ἥκιστα ἐπῶν ἕνεκα τῶν Ὁμήρου· τὰς δὲ αὐτῶν ἡ στρατιὰ καταπρήσασα ἡ μετὰ Ξέρξου γνωριμωτέρας ἐς τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν ἐποίησεν — This passage displays a clear case of dittography from the manuscript tradition; the first clause up to `Ὁμήρου` is grammatically incomplete as it lacks the main verb (which corresponds to `ἐποίησεν` in the second clause). To faithfully represent the state of the text, the translation renders the first clause as a suspended fragment without a verb, followed by the complete construction of the second clause.
  2. §10.3.3ἀφῃρέθησαν δὲ οἱ Φωκεῖς καὶ μετεῖναί σφισιν — The passive verb `ἀφῃρέθησαν` ('they were deprived of') governs the infinitive `μετεῖναι` ('to have a share') via the conjunction `καὶ`, instead of taking a noun in the accusative case. This irregular construction serves to express a double deprivation: the removal of both physical and political participations.
  3. §10.3.4ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν — An absolute infinitive construction with the dative pronoun `ἐμοί` and the infinitive `δοκεῖν`, functioning adverbially to qualify the entire sentence as the author's personal view ('as it seems to me' or 'in my opinion').

Cite this passage

Pausanias, Description of Greece §10.3.1-10.3.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:10.3.1-10.3.4

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