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Pausanias · Description of Greece §1.30.1-1.30.4

Altars at the Academy, the Tomb of Plato, and Colonus

Passage 36 of 465 · Greek

Summary

The author describes various altars around the Academy, anecdotes surrounding Plato's tomb, and the nearby region of Colonus.

§1.30.1πρὸ δὲ τῆς ἐσόδου τῆς ἐς Ἀκαδημίαν ἐστὶ βωμὸς Ἔρωτος ἔχων ἐπίγραμμα ὡς Χάρμος Ἀθηναίων πρῶτος Ἔρωτι ἀναθείη.
Before the entrance to the Academy there is an altar of Eros with an inscription that Charmus was the first of the Athenians to dedicate an altar to Eros.
τὸν δὲ ἐν πόλει βωμὸν καλούμενον Ἀντέρωτος ἀνάθημα εἶναι λέγουσι μετοίκων, ὅτι Μέλης Ἀθηναῖος μέτοικον ἄνδρα Τιμαγόραν ἐρασθέντα ἀτιμάζων ἀφεῖναι κατὰ τῆς πέτρας αὑτὸν ἐκέλευσεν ἐς τὸ ὑψηλότατον αὐτῆς ἀνελθόντα· Τιμαγόρας δὲ ἄρα καὶ ψυχῆς εἶχεν ἀφειδῶς καὶ πάντα ὁμοίως κελεύοντι ἤθελε χαρίζεσθαι τῷ μειρακίῳ καὶ δὴ καὶ φέρων ἑαυτὸν ἀφῆκε· Μέλητα δέ, ὡς ἀποθανόντα εἶδε Τιμαγόραν, ἐς τοσοῦτο μετανοίας ἐλθεῖν ὡς πεσεῖν τε ἀπὸ τῆς πέτρας τῆς αὐτῆς καὶ οὕτως ἀφεὶς αὑτὸν ἐτελεύτησε.
And the altar in the city called the altar of Anteros they say is a dedication of the metics, because Meles, an Athenian, despising a metic man, Timagoras, who was in love with him, ordered him to climb to the highest point of the rock and throw himself down; and Timagoras, indeed, having no regard for his life, and wishing to gratify the youth in everything alike that he ordered, actually carried himself and threw himself down; and Meles, when he saw Timagoras dead, came to such a degree of repentance that he fell from the same rock, and having thus thrown himself down, he died.
καὶ τὸ ἐντεῦθεν δαίμονα Ἀντέρωτα τὸν ἀλάστορα τὸν Τιμαγόρου κατέστη τοῖς μετοίκοις νομίζειν.
And from that time on, it became established for the metics to worship the spirit of Anteros as the avenger of Timagoras.
§1.30.2ἐν Ἀκαδημίᾳ δέ ἐστι Προμηθέως βωμός, καὶ θέουσιν ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ πρὸς τὴν πόλιν ἔχοντες καιομένας λαμπάδας· τὸ δὲ ἀγώνισμα ὁμοῦ τῷ δρόμῳ φυλάξαι τὴν δᾷδα ἔτι καιομένην ἐστίν, ἀποσβεσθείσης δὲ οὐδὲν ἔτι τῆς νίκης τῷ πρώτῳ, δευτέρῳ δὲ ἀντʼ αὐτοῦ μέτεστιν· εἰ δὲ μηδὲ τούτῳ καίοιτο, ὁ τρίτος ἐστὶν ὁ κρατῶν· εἰ δὲ καὶ πᾶσιν ἀποσβεσθείη, οὐδείς ἐστιν ὅτῳ καταλείπεται ἡ νίκη.
In the Academy there is an altar of Prometheus, and they run from it to the city holding burning torches; and the contest is, along with the running, to keep the torch still burning, and if it is extinguished, there is no longer any victory for the first, but the second has it instead of him; and if it is not burning for him either, the third is the winner; and if it should be extinguished for all, there is no one to whom the victory is left.
ἔστι δὲ Μουσῶν τε βωμὸς καὶ ἕτερος Ἑρμοῦ καὶ ἔνδον Ἀθηνᾶς, τὸν δὲ Ἡρακλέους ἐποίησαν· καὶ φυτόν ἐστιν ἐλαίας, δεύτερον τοῦτο λεγόμενον φανῆναι.
And there is an altar of the Muses, and another of Hermes, and inside, one of Athena, and they also made one of Heracles; and there is an olive tree, which is said to have appeared second.
§1.30.3Ἀκαδημίας δὲ οὐ πόρρω Πλάτωνος μνῆμά ἐστιν, ᾧ προεσήμαινεν ὁ θεὸς ἄριστον τὰ ἐς φιλοσοφίαν ἔσεσθαι· προεσήμαινε δὲ οὕτω.
Not far from the Academy is the tomb of Plato, to whom the god prefigured that he would be the best in philosophy; and he prefigured it in this way.
Σωκράτης τῇ προτέρᾳ νυκτὶ ἢ Πλάτων ἔμελλεν ἔσεσθαί οἱ μαθητὴς ἐσπτῆναί οἱ κύκνον ἐς τὸν κόλπον εἶδεν ὄνειρον· ἔστι δὲ κύκνῳ τῷ ὄρνιθι μουσικῆς δόξα, ὅτι Λιγύων τῶν Ἠριδανοῦ πέραν ὑπὲρ γῆς τῆς Κελτικῆς Κύκνον ἄνδρα μουσικὸν γενέσθαι βασιλέα φασί, τελευτήσαντα δὲ Ἀπόλλωνος γνώμῃ μεταβαλεῖν λέγουσιν αὐτὸν ἐς τὸν ὄρνιθα.
Socrates, on the night before Plato was to become his disciple, saw a dream that a swan flew into his bosom; and the bird, the swan, has a reputation for music, because they say that among the Ligurians beyond the Eridanus, above the Celtic land, Cycnus, a musical man, became king, and they say that when he died, by the will of Apollo, he changed into the bird.
ἐγὼ δὲ βασιλεῦσαι μὲν πείθομαι Λίγυσιν ἄνδρα μουσικόν, γενέσθαι δέ μοι ἄπιστον ὄρνιθα ἀπʼ ἀνδρός.
But for my part, I am persuaded that a musical man ruled over the Ligurians, but that a bird came from a man is incredible to me.
§1.30.4κατὰ τοῦτο τῆς χώρας φαίνεται πύργος Τίμωνος, ὃς μόνος εἶδε μηδένα τρόπον εὐδαίμονα εἶναι γενέσθαι πλὴν τοὺς ἄλλους φεύγοντα ἀνθρώπους.
In this part of the country is seen the tower of Timon, who alone saw that there was no way to be happy except by fleeing from other men.
δείκνυται δὲ καὶ χῶρος καλούμενος κολωνὸς ἵππιος, ἔνθα τῆς Ἀττικῆς πρῶτον ἐλθεῖν λέγουσιν Οἰδίποδα—διάφορα μὲν καὶ ταῦτα τῇ Ὁμήρου ποιήσει, λέγουσι δʼ οὖν—, καὶ βωμὸς Ποσειδῶνος Ἱππίου καὶ Ἀθηνᾶς Ἱππίας, ἡρῷον δὲ Πειρίθου καὶ Θησέως Οἰδίποδός τε καὶ Ἀδράστου.
And there is also shown a place called Colonus Hippius, where they say Oedipus first came in Attica—though this is different from the poetry of Homer, they say so anyway—and there is an altar of Poseidon Hippius and Athena Hippia, and a hero-shrine of Pirithous, Theseus, Oedipus, and Adrastus.
τὸ δὲ ἄλσος τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος καὶ τὸν ναὸν ἐνέπρησεν Ἀντίγονος ἐσβαλών, καὶ ἄλλοτε στρατιᾷ κακώσας Ἀθηναίοις τὴν γῆν.
And the grove of Poseidon and the temple were burned by Antigonus when he invaded, who at other times also damaged the land for the Athenians with an army.

Notes

  1. §1.30.1κατέστη τοῖς μετοίκοις νομίζειν — 'κατέστη' is an impersonal construction meaning 'it became established' or 'it became a custom,' taking the infinitive 'νομίζειν' to mean 'it became established for the metics to worship.'
  2. §1.30.2ἀποσβεσθείσης δὲ οὐδὲν ἔτι τῆς νίκης τῷ πρώτῳ, δευτέρῳ δὲ ἀντʼ αὐτοῦ μέτεστιν — In the genitive absolute construction 'ἀποσβεσθείσης [της δᾷδος],' the noun is omitted. The impersonal verb 'μέτεστι' from the second clause is also understood in the first clause ('οὐδὲν ἔτι τῆς νίκης τῷ πρώτῳ [μέτεστιν]').
  3. §1.30.3τῇ προτέρᾳ νυκτὶ ἢ Πλάτων ἔμελλεν ἔσεσθαί οἱ μαθητὴς — 'τῇ προτέρᾳ νυκτὶ ἢ...' uses the comparative conjunction 'ἤ' to mean 'on the night before [the day when]...' 'ἔμελλεν ἔσεσθαι' expresses a destined or scheduled future event ('was to become').
  4. §1.30.4διάφορα μὲν καὶ ταῦτα τῇ Ὁμήρου ποιήσει — 'διάφορα' is a neuter plural nominative adjective used predicatively with the copula 'ἐστιν' omitted. The dative 'τῇ Ὁμήρου ποιήσει' denotes the object of comparison/difference ('different from Homer's poetry').

Cite this passage

Pausanias, Description of Greece §1.30.1-1.30.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.30.1-1.30.4

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