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Pausanias · Description of Greece §1.15.1-1.15.4

The Murals and Shields of the Painted Portico

Passage 17 of 465 · Greek

Summary

Pausanias visits the Painted Portico (Stoa Poikile), detailedly describing its famous murals of the Battle of Oenoe, the Amazonomachy, the fall of Troy, and the Battle of Marathon, and mentions the captured shields kept there.

§1.15.1ἰοῦσι δὲ πρὸς τὴν στοάν, ἣν Ποικίλην ὀνομάζουσιν ἀπὸ τῶν γραφῶν, ἔστιν Ἑρμῆς χαλκοῦς καλούμενος Ἀγοραῖος καὶ πύλη πλησίον· ἔπεστι δέ οἱ τρόπαιον Ἀθηναίων ἱππομαχίᾳ κρατησάντων Πλείσταρχον, ὃς τῆς ἵππου Κασσάνδρου καὶ τοῦ ξενικοῦ τὴν ἀρχὴν ἀδελφὸς ὢν ἐπετέτραπτο.
As you go towards the portico, which they call Peicile (Painted) from its paintings, there is a bronze Hermes called Agoraeus (of the Market), and a gate near it; upon it is a trophy of the Athenians who defeated in a cavalry action Pleistarchus, who, being the brother of Cassander, had been entrusted with the command of his cavalry and foreign mercenaries.
αὕτη δὲ ἡ στοὰ πρῶτα μὲν Ἀθηναίους ἔχει τεταγμένους ἐν Οἰνόῃ τῆς Ἀργεία; ἐναντία Λακεδαιμονίων· γέγραπται δὲ οὐκ ἐς ἀκμὴν ἀγῶνος οὐδὲ τολμημάτων ἐς ἐπίδειξιν τὸ ἔργον ἤδη προῆκον, ἀλλὰ ἀρχομένη τε ἡ μάχη καὶ ἐς χεῖρας ἔτι συνιόντες.
This portico has first the Athenians drawn up at Oenoe in the territory of Argos against the Lacedaemonians; the action is not painted as already advanced to the height of the struggle or to a display of daring deeds, but the battle is beginning and they are still just coming to close quarters.
§1.15.2ἐν δὲ τῷ μέσῳ τῶν τοίχων Ἀθηναῖοι καὶ Θησεὺς Ἀμαζόσι μάχονται.
In the middle of the walls the Athenians and Theseus are fighting against the Amazons.
μόναις δὲ ἄρα ταῖς γυναιξὶν οὐκ ἀφῄρει τὰ πταίσματα τὸ ἐς τοὺς κινδύνους ἀφειδές, εἴ γε Θεμισκύρας τε ἁλούσης ὑπὸ Ἡρακλέους καὶ ὕστερον φθαρείσης σφίσι τῆς στρατιᾶς, ἣν ἐπʼ Ἀθήνας ἔστειλαν, ὅμως ἐς Τροίαν ἦλθον Ἀθηναίοις τε αὐτοῖς μαχούμεναι καὶ τοῖς πᾶσιν Ἕλλησιν.
It seems that from those women alone their failures did not diminish their disregard for danger, seeing that, though Themiscyra was captured by Heracles, and later the army which they sent against Athens was destroyed, they nevertheless came to Troy to fight both the Athenians themselves and all the Greeks.
ἐπὶ δὲ ταῖς Ἀμαζόσιν Ἕλληνές εἰσιν ᾑρηκότες Ἴλιον καὶ οἱ βασιλεῖς ἠθροισμένοι διὰ τὸ Αἴαντος ἐς Κασσάνδραν τόλμημα· καὶ αὐτὸν ἡ γραφὴ τὸν Αἴαντα ἔχει καὶ γυναῖκας τῶν αἰχμαλώτων ἄλλας τε καὶ Κασσάνδραν.
Next to the Amazons are the Greeks who have captured Ilium, and the kings assembled because of the outrage of Ajax against Cassandra; the painting includes Ajax himself and other captive women, especially Cassandra.
§1.15.3τελευταῖον δὲ τῆς γραφῆς εἰσιν οἱ μαχεσάμενοι Μαραθῶνι· Βοιωτῶν δὲ οἱ Πλάταιαν ἔχοντες καὶ ὅσον ἦν Ἀττικὸν ἴασιν ἐς χεῖρας τοῖς βαρβάροις.
At the end of the painting are those who fought at Marathon; of the Boeotians, those who hold Plataea, and all the forces of Attica are coming to close quarters with the foreigners.
καὶ ταύτῃ μέν ἐστιν ἴσα τὰ παρʼ ἀμφοτέρων ἐς τὸ ἔργον· τὸ δὲ ἔσω τῆς μάχης φεύγοντές εἰσιν οἱ βάρβαροι καὶ ἐς τὸ ἕλος ὠθοῦντες ἀλλήλους, ἔσχαται δὲ τῆς γραφῆς νῆές τε αἱ Φοίνισσαι καὶ τῶν βαρβάρων τοὺς ἐσπίπτοντας ἐς ταύτας φονεύοντες οἱ Ἕλληνες.
In this part of the action, the successes of both sides are equal; but in the inner part of the battle, the foreigners are fleeing and pushing one another into the marsh, and at the end of the painting are the Phoenician ships and the Greeks slaughtering those of the foreigners who are falling into them.
ἐνταῦθα καὶ Μαραθὼν γεγραμμένος ἐστὶν ἥρως, ἀφʼ οὗ τὸ πεδίον ὠνόμασται, καὶ Θησεὺς ἀνιόντι ἐκ γῆς εἰκασμένος Ἀθηνᾶ τε καὶ Ἡρακλῆς· Μαραθωνίοις γάρ, ὡς αὐτοὶ λέγουσιν, Ἡρακλῆς ἐνομίσθη θεὸς πρώτοις.
There is also painted the hero Marathon, from whom the plain is named, and Theseus represented as rising out of the earth, as well as Athena and Heracles; for the people of Marathon, as they themselves say, were the first to regard Heracles as a god.
τῶν μαχομένων δὲ δῆλοι μάλιστά εἰσιν ἐν τῇ γραφῇ Καλλίμαχός τε, ὃς Ἀθηναίοις πολεμαρχεῖν ᾕρητο, καὶ Μιλτιάδης τῶν στρατηγούντων, ἥρως τε Ἔχετλος καλούμενος, οὗ καὶ ὕστερον ποιήσομαι μνήμην.
Of those who are fighting, the most conspicuous in the painting are Callimachus, who had been chosen by the Athenians to be polemarch, Miltiades of those who were generals, and a hero called Echetlus, of whom I will make mention later.
§1.15.4ἐνταῦθα ἀσπίδες κεῖνται χαλκαῖ, καὶ ταῖς μέν ἐστιν ἐπίγραμμα ἀπὸ Σκιωναίων καὶ τῶν ἐπικούρων εἶναι, τὰς δὲ ἐπαληλιμμένας πίσσῃ, μὴ σφᾶς ὅ τε χρόνος λυμήνηται καὶ ὁ ἰός, Λακεδαιμονίων εἶναι λέγεται τῶν ἁλόντων ἐν τῇ Σφακτηρίᾳ νήσῳ.
Here are placed bronze shields; some have an inscription showing that they are from the Scionaeans and their auxiliaries, but those which are smeared with pitch, so that time and rust may not ruin them, are said to belong to the Lacedaemonians who were captured in the island of Sphacteria.

Notes

  1. 1.15.1ἰοῦσι — Dative plural of the present participle, used as a conventional dative of reference/direction in geographical descriptions, meaning 'for those who are going (towards the portico)'.
  2. 1.15.1οἱ — The dative singular personal pronoun (masculine/neuter), referring back to the preceding `πύλη` (gate). Combined with `ἔπεστι`, it means 'upon it [the gate]'.
  3. 1.15.2μόναις δὲ ἄρα ταῖς γυναιξὶν οὐκ ἀφῄρει τὰ πταίσματα τὸ ἐς τοὺς κινδύνους ἀφειδές — The subject is the neuter nominal phrase `τὸ ἐς τοὺς κινδύνους ἀφειδές` (disregard for danger), and the verb is `ἀφῄρει` (imperfect, was taking away), with the dative `μόναις ταῖς γυναιξὶν` (from those women alone) as the person deprived, and the accusative `τὰ πταίσματα` (the failures) as the subject. The syntax means 'their failures did not take away from those women alone their disregard for danger'.
  4. 1.15.3ἀνιόντι ἐκ γῆς εἰκασμένος — The participle `ἀνιόντι` is the dative singular present participle, governed by the perfect passive participle `εἰκασμένος` (represented as like / fashioned to look like). It describes Theseus as being depicted 'as rising up from the earth', reflecting the legend of his ghost rising from the ground to aid the Athenians at Marathon.

Cite this passage

Pausanias, Description of Greece §1.15.1-1.15.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.15.1-1.15.4

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