Humanitext Reader

Aelius Aristides · Against the Dancers §401-402

Criticism of Orators Blaming Their Audience

Passage 1 of 8 · Greek

Summary

The author severely criticizes writers who blame the audience for the shortcomings of their own style, pointing out that their self-defense only exposes double or triple follies and errors. Emphasizing the importance of seeking the best without self-deception, the author cites the wisdom of Plato and Pindar.

§401χαρίεντές γέ εἰσιν οἱ τῶν σφετέρων ἀγαθῶν περὶ τοὺς λόγους, ἵνʼ εὐφήμως ἄρξωμαι, τοὺς ἀκροατὰς αἰτιώμενοι καὶ λέγοντες ὡς ἄρα τούτου χάριν ἐκβαίνουσι τοῦ ῥυθμοῦ καὶ τῆς ὀρθότητος, ἵνʼ ὡς πλείστους ἀρέσαι δυνηθῶσι.
Delightful indeed—to start with a polite euphemism—are those who, concerning the virtues of their own writings, blame the audience and say that it is actually for this reason that they deviate from rhythm and correctness, in order that they may be able to please as many as possible.
καίτοι εἰ μὲν συγγνώμην αἰτοῦντες ταύτῃ τῇ σκήψει §402καταχρῶνται, πῶς ἐπαινεῖσθαί γʼ ἀξιοῦσι;
And yet, if they make use of this pretext in asking for pardon, how do they deem themselves worthy of praise?
χωρὶς γὰρ ἔπαινός τε καὶ συγγνώμη, καὶ ὅτε μηδʼ αὐτοὶ σφᾶς αὐτοὺς ἐπαινοῦσι, σχολῇ γʼ ἂν παρὰ τοῖς ἄλλοις εἰκότως ἐπαινοῖντο.
For praise and pardon are distinct, and when they do not even praise themselves, they would hardly be praised with good reason by others.
εἰ δʼ αὖ μηδέν ἐστι τοῦ τρόπου δυσχερὲς, ἀλλʼ ὀρθῶς ἔχει, τί δεῖ τοὺς πολλοὺς αἰτιᾶσθαι καὶ καταφεύγειν ἐπὶ ταύτην τὴν παραίτησιν, ἀλλʼ οὐ τὸν τρόπον ὡς ὀρθῶς ἔχει δεικνύναι;
If, on the other hand, there is nothing objectionable in their style, but it is correct, why must they blame the multitude and flee to this excuse, instead of showing that their style is correct?
ἀλλʼ οἶμαι, κομψοί τινές εἰσι καὶ διπλᾶ κρούουσιν, ἵνʼ ἐὰν μὲν ἕλωσι, ταύτῃ κεκρατηκότες ὦσιν, ἂν δὲ φωράσῃ τις, ἔχωσιν ἀναχώρησιν καὶ λέγωσιν ὡς οὐδʼ αὐτοὶ τὸ βέλτιον ἠγνόουν, ἀλλʼ ἑτέρων ἕνεχʼ ἡμάρτανον.
But, I think, they are clever folk and play a double game, so that if they succeed, they may have triumphed by this means, but if anyone detects them, they may have a retreat and say that they themselves were not ignorant of what is better, but erred for the sake of others.
ἔστι δὲ τοῦτο ἡ πρώτη καὶ μεγίστη ψῆφος, ἣν αὐτοὶ καθʼ αὑτῶν διʼ ὑπερβολὴν σοφίας φέρουσιν.
This is the first and greatest vote which they, through excessive wisdom, cast against themselves.
ἐγὼ γὰρ εὐξαίμην ἂν μάλιστα μὲν καὶ παρὰ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἅπασιν εὐδοκιμεῖν, τὴν δʼ οὖν ἀρχὴν ἀφʼ ἑστίας εἶναί μοι καὶ πείθειν ἐμαυτὸν πρῶτον, καὶ μὴ τὸ τῆς κυνὸς τῆς ἐν τῷ μύθῳ παθεῖν, μηδʼ ἐν ὅσῳ τὴν ἔξωθεν συλλέγω δόξαν, ἣν αὐτῷ μοι περὶ ἐμαυτοῦ προσῆκεν ἔχειν διαφθεῖραι, μηδὲ φθάσαι τὴν τοῦ φαῦλος εἶναι πίστιν κατʼ ἐμαυτοῦ λαβὼν, πρὶν τὴν τοῦ σπουδαῖος παρὰ τοῖς ἄλλοις βεβαιώσασθαι.
For my part, I would pray above all to be well-regarded by all others as well, but at all events that my beginning should be from the hearth and that I should convince myself first, and not suffer the fate of the dog in the fable, nor, while gathering external glory, destroy the reputation which it befitted myself to have of myself, nor preventively receive the conviction of being worthless against myself, before confirming that of being excellent among others.
τοσοῦτον δʼ ἔμοιγε ἀπολογίας ἀπέχειν δοκοῦσιν, ὅταν ταῦτα λέγωσιν, ὥστε δύʼ ἀνθʼ ἑνὸς ποιεῖν τὰ ἐγκλήμαθʼ ἑαυτοῖς, ἓν μὲν εἰ τοιαῦτʼ ἀσελγαίνουσι περὶ τοὺς λόγους, ἕτερον δὲ εἰ τούτου χάριν, ὡς ταύτῃ βελτίους κριθήσεσθαι μέλλοντες.
So far do they seem to me from making a defense when they say these things, that they bring two charges against themselves instead of one: one, if they behave so outrageously regarding their writings; the other, if they do so for this reason, as though they were going to be judged better on this account.
καὶ μὴν ὅταν γε ὡς ἡμᾶς εὐθέως πιστεύσοντας οἷς πλάττονται καὶ τἀληθὲς οὐχὶ συνήσοντας παράγειν ζητῶσιν, ἄλλην αὖ τρίτην ταύτην ἀμαθίαν ἐμφανίζουσιν, εἰ μὴ νομίζουσι φωρᾶσθαι.
Moreover, when they seek to mislead us as if we would immediately believe their fabrications and not perceive the truth, they display this other third folly, unless they think they are not being detected.
τὸ δʼ, οἶμαι, τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν.
But the matter, I think, is like this.
οὐδεὶς ἑκὼν μεθίησι τὸ βέλτιστον·
No one willingly lets go of the best.
ἀλλὰ Πλάτων καὶ Πίνδαρος πολλαχῆ μὲν καὶ ἄλλῃ σοφοὶ, καὶ δὴ καὶ κατὰ τόνδε τὸν λόγον οὐχ ἥκιστα, ὁ μὲν οὑτωσὶ λέγων οὔτις ἑκὼν κακὸν εὕρετο καὶ πάλιν
But Plato and Pindar, wise in many other ways, are not least so in respect to this saying, the former speaking thus: "No one willingly chose what is evil" and again...

Notes

  1. 401χαρίεντές γέ εἰσιν οἱ τῶν σφετέρων ἀγαθῶν περὶ τοὺς λόγους ... τοὺς ἀκροατὰς αἰτιώμενοι — The adjective "χαρίεντες" is used ironically, meaning "delightful indeed" or "clever indeed" in a sarcastic sense. The main subject of the sentence is the subsequent articular participle phrase "οἱ ... αἰτιώμενοι καὶ λέγοντες". The genitive "τῶν σφετέρων ἀγαθῶν" (their own good qualities) goes with "περὶ τοὺς λόγους" (concerning their writings), indicating the supposed virtues of their style.
  2. 402σχολῇ γʼ ἂν παρὰ τοῖς ἄλλοις εἰκότως ἐπαινοῖντο — The dative of the noun "σχολή" used adverbially ("σχολῇ") means "hardly," "scarcely," or "far less." When combined with the potential optative "ἂν ἐπαινοῖντο," it forms a strong negative statement: "they would scarcely be praised with good reason by others."
  3. 402μὴ τὸ τῆς κυνὸς τῆς ἐν τῷ μύθῳ παθεῖν — The infinitive "παθεῖν" is part of the accusative-and-infinitive construction dependent on the verb of wishing "εὐξαίμην ἂν" in the preceding sentence. The phrase refers to the Aesopic fable of the dog that lost its real meat while trying to grab its reflection in the water, illustrating a foolish loss of substance for shadow.
  4. 402μηδὲ φθάσαι τὴν τοῦ φαῦλος εἶναι πίστιν κατʼ ἐμαυτοῦ λαβὼν, πρὶν τὴν τοῦ σπουδαῖος — The verb "φθάνω" (to anticipate/do beforehand) takes the nominative participle "λαβών" (taking) to form the construction "to do something preventively or beforehand." This is correlated with the following "πρὶν" (before), establishing a contrast: "lest I should beforehand acquire the conviction of being worthless against myself, before confirming that of being excellent among others."

Cite this passage

Aelius Aristides, Against the Dancers §401-402. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0284.tlg050.humanitext-grc2:401-402

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