§9.2.17διττῶς δὲ τοῦτο γίνεται· καὶ γὰρ μενουσῶν ἀκινήτων τῶν πόλεων, ὅταν ἡ αὔξησις τῶν ὑδάτων ἥττων ᾖ τῆς ὑπερχύσεως διὰ ὕψος τῶν οἰκήσεων ἢ διὰ ἀπόστασιν, καὶ διὰ ἀνοικισμόν, ὅταν τῷ πλησιασμῷ κινδυνεύσαντες πολλάκις ἀπαλλαγὴν πορίσωνται τοῦ φόβου τὴν μετάληψιν τῶν χωρίων τῶν ἄπωθεν ἢ τῶν ἐν ὕψει.
This happens in two ways: either while the cities remain unmoved, when the rise of the waters is less than the inundation because of the height of the dwellings or because of their distance, or by relocation, when those who have frequently been in danger from the encroachment obtain a release from their fear by taking in exchange lands further away or on high ground.
παρακολουθεῖ δὲ τοῖς οὕτως ἀνοικισθεῖσι τὸ τὴν αὐτὴν προσηγορίαν φυλάττουσιν, ἐτύμως πρότερον λεγομένοις ἀπὸ τοῦ συμβεβηκότος τοπικῶς, νῦν μη λέγεσθαι ἐτύμως· Πλαταιὰς γὰρ ἀπὸ τῆς πλάτης τῶν κωπῶν εἰρῆσθαι πιθανὸν καὶ Πλαταιέας τοὺς ἀπὸ κωπηλασίας ζῶντας, ἀλλὰ νῦν ἄπωθεν τῆς λίμνης οἰκοῦντες οὐκέτʼ ἂν προσαγορεύοιντο ἐτύμως.
And for those who have been relocated in this way, while they keep the same name, it follows that, whereas formerly they were called so truly from the local circumstance, they are now no longer called truly; for it is plausible that Plataeae was named from the blade (plate) of oars, and Plataeans were those who lived by rowing, but now living far from the lake they would no longer be addressed truly.
ἕλος τε καὶ Ἑλεὼν καὶ Εἱλέσιον ἐκλήθη διὰ τὸ ἐπὶ τοῖς ἕλεσιν ἱδρῦσθαι· νῦν δὲ οὐχ ὁμοίως ἔχει ταῦτα, ἢ ἀνοικισθέντων ἢ τῆς λίμνης ἐπιπολὺ ταπεινωθείσης διὰ τὰς ὕστερον γενομένας ἐκρύσεις· καὶ γὰρ τοῦτο δυνατόν.
Also, Helos, Heleon, and Hilesium were so called because of being situated by the marshes (hele); but now these places are not in the same state, either because they have been relocated or because the lake has subsided considerably because of the outlets that were formed later; for indeed this also is possible.
§9.2.18δηλοῖ δὲ καὶ ὁ Κηφισσὸς τοῦτο μάλιστα τὴν Κωπαΐδα λίμνην πληρῶν.
And the Cephisus especially shows this, filling the Copaic lake.
αὐξομένης γὰρ αὐτῆς ὥστε κινδυνεύειν καταποθῆναι τὰς Κώπας, ὅ τε ποιητὴς ὀνομάζει, καὶ ἀπʼ αὐτῶν ἡ λίμνη τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν εἴληφε, χάσμα γενηθὲν πρὸς τῇ λίμνῃ πλησίον τῶν Κωπῶν ἀνέῳξεν ὑπὸ γῆς ῥεῖθρον ὅσον τριάκοντα σταδίων καὶ ἐδέξατο τὸν ποταμόν, εἶτα ἐξέρρηξεν εἰς τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν κατὰ Λάρυμναν τῆς Λοκρίδος τὴν ἄνω·
For when it increased so that Copae—which the poet also names, and from which the lake has received its name—was in danger of being swallowed up, a chasm occurred near the lake close to Copae and opened an underground channel of about thirty stadia, and received the river; then it burst forth to the surface at Upper Larymna of Locris.
καὶ γὰρ ἑτέρα ἐστίν, ἧς μεν, Βοιωτιακή, ἐπὶ τῇ θαλάττῃ, ᾗ προσέθεσαν Ῥωμαῖοι τὴν ἄνω.
For there is indeed another Larymna, the Boeotian one, on the sea, to which the Romans annexed Upper Larymna.
καλεῖται δʼ ὁ τόπος Ἀγχόη· ἔστι δὲ καὶ λίμνη ὁμώνυμος· ἐντεῦθεν δʼ ἤδη ὁ Κηφισσὸς ἐκδίδωσιν ἐπὶ τὴν θάλατταν.
And the place is called Anchoe, and there is also a lake of the same name; and from there the Cephisus finally empties into the sea.
τότε μὲν οὖν παυσαμένης τῆς πλημμυρίδος, παῦλα καὶ τοῦ κινδύνου τοῖς παροικοῦσιν ὑπῆρξε, πλὴν τῶν ἤδη καταποθεισῶν πόλεων.
At that time, then, when the flood ceased, there was also a cessation of danger for the inhabitants, except for the cities that had already been swallowed up.
πάλιν δʼ ἐγχουμένων τῶν πόρων, ὁ μεταλλευτὴς Κράτης ἀνὴρ Χαλκιδεὺς ἀνακαθαίρειν τὰ ἐμφράγματα ἐπαύσατο στασιασάντων τῶν Βοιωτῶν, καίπερ, ὡς αὐτὸς ἐν τῇ πρὸς Ἀλέξανδρον ἐπιστολῇ φησιν, ἀνεψυγμένων ἤδη πολλῶν, ἐν οἷς οἱ μὲν τὸν Ὀρχομενὸν οἰκεῖσθαι τὸν ἀρχαῖον ὑπελάμβανον, οἱ δʼ Ἐλευσῖνα καὶ Ἀθήνας παρὰ τὸν Τρίτωνα ποταμόν· λέγεται Κέκροπα, ἡνίκα τῆς Βοιωτίας ἐπῆρξε καλουμένης τότε Ὠγυγίας, ἀφανισθῆναι δὲ ταύτας ἐπικλυσθείσας ὕστερον.
But when the passages were choked up again, Crates the miner, a man of Chalcis, began to clear away the obstructions, but stopped because of the sedition of the Boeotians, although, as he himself says in his letter to Alexander, many places had already been dried up, among which some supposed that ancient Orchomenus was situated, and others Eleusis and Athens beside the Triton river; these cities are said to have existed when Cecrops ruled over Boeotia, which was then called Ogygia, and to have disappeared being flooded later.
γενέσθαι δέ φασιν καὶ κατὰ Ὀρχομενὸν χάσμα, καὶ δέξασθαι τὸν Μέλανα ποταμὸν τὸν ῥέοντα διὰ τῆς Ἁλιαρτίας καὶ ποιοῦντα ἐνταῦθα τὸ ἕλος τὸ φύον τὸν αὐλητικὸν κάλαμον.
And they say that a chasm also occurred near Orchomenus and received the Melas river, which flows through Haliartia and forms there the marsh that produces the flute-reed.
ἀλλʼ οὗτος ἠφάνισται τελέως, εἴτε τοῦ χάσματος διαχέοντος αὐτὸν εἰς ἀδήλους πόρους, εἴτε τῶν περὶ Ἁλίαρτον ἑλῶν καὶ λιμνῶν προαναλισκόντων αὐτόν, ἀφʼ ὧν ποιήεντα καλεῖ τὸν ὁ ποιητὴς
καὶ ποιήενθʼ Ἁλίαρτον
λέγων. §9.2.19οὗτοι μὲν οὖν ἐκ τῶν Φωκικῶν ὀρῶν οἱ ποταμοὶ καταφέρονται, ὧν ὁ Κηφισσὸς ἐκ Λιλαίας Φωκικῆς πόλεως τὴν ἀρχὴν λαμβάνει, καθάπερ καὶ Ὅμηρός φησιν
οἵ τε Λίλαιαν ἔχον πηγῇς ἔπι Κηφισσοῖο· διʼ Ἐλατείας δὲ ῥυεὶς μεγίστης τῶν ἐν Φωκεῦσι πόλεων, καὶ διὰ Παραποταμίων καὶ Φανοτέων ὁμοίως Φωκικῶν πολισμάτων, εἰς Χαιρώνειαν τῆς Βοιωτίας πρόεισιν, εἶτα διὰ τῆς Ὀρχομενίας καὶ τῆς Κορωνειακῆς εἰς τὴν Κωπαΐδα λίμνην ἐξίησι·
But this river has completely disappeared, either because the chasm scatters it into unseen passages, or because the marshes and lakes around Haliartus consume it beforehand, from which the poet calls Haliartus 'grassy,' saying 'and grassy Haliartus.' These rivers, then, flow down from the Phocian mountains, of which the Cephisus takes its beginning from Lilaea, a Phocian city, just as Homer also says: 'and those who held Lilaea by the springs of Cephisus;' and flowing through Elatea, the largest of the cities among the Phocians, and through Parapotamii and Phanoteus, likewise Phocian towns, it proceeds to Chaeronea of Boeotia, and then through the territory of Orchomenus and of Coronea empties into the Copaic lake.
καὶ ὁ Περμησσὸς δὲ καὶ ὁ Ὀλμειός, ἐκ τοῦ Ἑλικῶνος συμβάλλοντες ἀλλήλοις, εἰς τὴν αὐτὴν ἐμπίπτουσι λίμνην τὴν Κωπαΐδα τοῦ Ἁλιάρτου πλη δὲ ῥεύματα εἰς αὐτὴν ἐμβάλλει.
And the Permessus and the Olmeius, joining each other from Helicon, fall into the same Copaic lake near Haliartus; and other streams also empty into it.
ἔστι μὲν οὖν μεγάλη, τὴν περίμετρον ἔχουσα ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ τριακοσίων σταδίων, αἱ δὲ ἐκρύσεις οὐδαμοῦ φαίνονται πλὴν τοῦ δεχομένου τὸν Κηφισσὸν χάσματος καὶ τῶν ἑλῶν.
It is indeed large, having a circumference of three hundred and eighty stadia, but the outlets are nowhere to be seen except for the chasm that receives the Cephisus and the marshes.