§8.7.1ταύτης δὲ τῆς χώρας τὸ μὲν παλαιὸν Ἴωνες ἐκράτουν, ἐξ Ἀθηναίων τὸ γένος ὄντες, ἐκαλεῖτο δὲ τὸ μὲν παλαιὸν Αἰγιάλεια καὶ οἱ ἐνοικοῦντες Αἰγιαλεῖς, ὕστερον δʼ ἀπʼ ἐκείνων Ἰωνία, καθάπερ καὶ ἡ Ἀττική, ἀπὸ Ἴωνος τοῦ Ξούθου.
Now the Ionians, who were by race from the Athenians, anciently controlled this country, and it was anciently called Aegialea and its inhabitants Aegialeans, but afterwards it was called Ionia after them, just as Attica was called after Ion the son of Xuthus.
φασὶ δὲ Δευκαλίωνος μὲν Ἕλληνα εἶναι, τοῦτον δὲ περὶ τὴν Φθίαν τῶν μεταξὺ Πηνειοῦ καὶ Ἀσωποῦ δυναστεύοντα τῷ πρεσβυτάτῳ τῶν παίδων παραδοῦναι τὴν ἀρχήν, τοὺς δʼ ἄλλους ἔξω διαπέμψαι ζητήσοντας ἵδρυσιν ἕκαστον αὑτῷ· ὧν Δῶρος μὲν τοὺς περὶ Παρνασσὸν Δωριέας συνοικίσας κατέλιπεν ἐπωνύμους αὑτοῦ, Ξοῦθος δὲ τὴν Ἐρεχθέως θυγατέρα γήμας ᾤκισε τὴν τετράπολιν τῆς Ἀττικῆς, Οἰνόην Μαραθῶνα Προβάλινθον καὶ Τρικόρυνθον.
And they say that Hellen was the son of Deucalion, and that he, ruling over the region around Phthia between the Peneus and the Asopus, handed over his dominion to the eldest of his sons, and sent the others abroad, each to seek a settlement for himself; of whom Dorus, having settled the Dorians together around Parnassus, left them named after himself, while Xuthus, having married the daughter of Erechtheus, colonized the Tetrapolis of Attica, namely Oenoe, Marathon, Probalinthus, and Tricorynthus.
τῶν δὲ τούτου παίδων Ἀχαιὸς μὲν φόνον ἀκούσιον πράξας ἔφυγεν εἰς Λακεδαίμονα καὶ Ἀχαιοὺς τοὺς ἐκεῖ κληθῆναι παρεσκεύασεν, Ἴων δὲ τοὺς μετʼ Εὐμόλπου νικήσας Θρᾷκας οὕτως ηὐδοκίμησεν ὥστʼ ἐπέτρεψαν αὐτῷ τὴν πολιτείαν Ἀθηναῖοι.
Of the children of Xuthus, Achaeus, having committed an involuntary murder, fled to Lacedaemon and caused the people there to be called Achaeans, while Ion, having defeated the Thracians who were with Eumolpus, won such high repute that the Athenians entrusted the government to him.
ὁ δὲ πρῶτον μὲν εἰς τέτταρας φυλὰς διεῖλε τὸ πλῆθος, εἶτα εἰς τέτταρας βίους· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ γεωργοὺς ἀπέδειξε τοὺς δὲ δημιουργοὺς τοὺς δὲ ἱεροποιούς, τετάρτους δὲ τοὺς φύλακας· τοιαῦτα δὲ πλείω διατάξας τὴν χώραν ἐπώνυμον ἑαυτοῦ κατέλιπεν.
He first of all divided the multitude into four tribes, and then into four occupations; for he designated some as husbandmen, others as handworkers, others as priests, and fourthly, the guards; and after making more such regulations, he left the country named after himself.
οὕτω δὲ πολυανδρῆσαι τὴν χώραν τότε συνέπεσεν ὥστε καὶ ἀποικίαν τῶν Ἰώνων ἔστειλαν εἰς Πελοπόννησον Ἀθηναῖοι, καὶ τὴν χώραν ἣν κατέσχον ἐπώνυμον ἑαυτῶν ἐποίησαν Ἰωνίαν ἀντʼ Αἰγιάλου κληθεῖσαν, οἵ τε ἄνδρες ἀντὶ Αἰγιαλέων Ἴωνες προσηγορεύθησαν εἰς δώδεκα πόλεις μερισθέντες.
It happened at that time that the country became so populous that the Athenians even sent out a colony of the Ionians to the Peloponnesus, and made the land they occupied named after themselves, being called Ionia instead of Aegialus, and the men were addressed as Ionians instead of Aegialeans, being divided into twelve cities.
μετὰ δὲ τὴν Ἡρακλειδῶν κάθοδον ὑπʼ Ἀχαιῶν ἐξελαθέντες ἐπανῆλθον πάλιν εἰς Ἀθήνας· ἐκεῖθεν δὲ μετὰ τῶν Κοδριδῶν ἔστειλαν τὴν Ἰωνικὴν ἀποικίαν εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν· ἔκτισαν δὲ δώδεκα πόλεις ἐν τῇ παραλίᾳ τῆς Καρίας καὶ τῆς Λυδίας, εἰς τοσαῦτα μέρη διελόντες σφᾶς ὅσα καὶ ἐν τῇ Πελοποννήσῳ κατεῖχον.
But after the return of the Heracleidae, being driven out by the Achaeans, they returned again to Athens; and from there, with the sons of Codrus, they sent out the Ionian colony to Asia; and they founded twelve cities on the coast of Caria and Lydia, dividing themselves into as many parts as they had occupied in the Peloponnesus.
οἱ δʼ Ἀχαιοὶ Φθιῶται μὲν ἦσαν τὸ γένος, ᾤκησαν δʼ ἐν Λακεδαίμονι, τῶν δʼ Ἡρακλειδῶν ἐπικρατησάντων ἀναληφθέντες ὑπὸ Τισαμενοῦ τοῦ Ὀρέστου παιδός, ὡς προειρήκαμεν, τοῖς Ἴωσιν ἐπέθεντο, καὶ γενόμενοι κρείττους τοὺς μὲν ἐξέβαλον, αὐτοὶ δὲ κατέσχον τὴν γῆν, καὶ διεφύλαξαν τὸν αὐτὸν τῆς χώρας μερισμὸν ὅνπερ καὶ παρέλαβον.
The Achaeans, who were Phthiotians by race, had dwelt in Lacedaemon, but when the Heracleidae prevailed, being taken up by Tisamenus the son of Orestes, as we have said before, they attacked the Ionians, and, becoming superior, drove them out, and themselves occupied the land, and preserved the same division of the territory which they had received.
οὕτω δʼ ἴσχυσαν ὥστε τὴν ἄλλην Πελοπόννησον ἐχόντων τῶν Ἡρακλειδῶν ὧν ἀπέστησαν, ἀντεῖχον ὅμως πρὸς ἅπαντας Ἀχαΐαν ὀνομάσαντες τὴν χώραν.
And they grew so strong that, although the Heracleidae, from whom they had revolted, possessed the rest of the Peloponnesus, they nevertheless held out against all of them, naming the country Achaea.
ἀπὸ μὲν οὖν Τισαμενοῦ μέχρι Ὠγύγου βασιλευόμενοι διετέλουν· εἶτα δημοκρατηθέντες τοσοῦτον ηὐδοκίμησαν περὶ τὰς πολιτείας ὥστε τοὺς Ἰταλιώτας μετὰ τὴν στάσιν τὴν πρὸς τοὺς Πυθαγορείους τὰ πλεῖστα τῶν νομίμων μετενέγκασθαι παρὰ τούτων συνέβη· μετὰ δὲ τὴν ἐν Λεύκτροις μάχην ἐπέτρεψαν Θηβαῖοι τούτοις τὴν δίαιταν περὶ τῶν ἀντιλεγομένων ταῖς πόλεσι πρὸς ἀλλήλας· ὕστερον δʼ ὑπὸ Μακεδόνων λυθείσης τῆς κοινωνίας ἀνέλαβον σφᾶς πάλιν κατὰ μικρόν· ἦρξαν δὲ Πύρρου στρατεύσαντος εἰς Ἰταλίαν τέτταρες συνιοῦσαι πόλεις, ὧν ἦσαν Πάτραι καὶ Δύμη· εἶτα προσελάμβανόν τινας τῶν δώδεκα πλὴν Ὠλένου καὶ Ἑλίκης, τῆς μὲν οὐ συνελθούσης τῆς δʼ ἀφανισθείσης ὑπὸ κύματος.
From Tisamenus, then, down to Ogygus they continued to be ruled by kings; then, having adopted democracy, they attained such high repute for their institutions that the Italiotes, after their factional strife against the Pythagoreans, came to import most of their laws from them; and after the battle of Leuctra, the Thebans entrusted to them the arbitration concerning the matters in dispute between the cities with one another; and later, though their confederation was dissolved by the Macedonians, they gradually recovered themselves; and when Pyrrhus campaigned into Italy, four cities joined together and took the lead, among which were Patrae and Dyme; and then they began to add some of the twelve, except Olenus and Helice, the former not joining, and the latter having been swallowed up by a wave.