§7.4.1ἐνταῦθα δʼ ἐστὶν ὁ ἰσθμὸς ὁ διείργων τὴν σαπρὰν λεγομένην λίμνην ἀπὸ τῆς θαλάττης σταδίων τετταράκοντα καὶ ποιῶν τὴν Ταυρικὴν καὶ Σκυθικὴν λεγομένην χερρόνησον· οἱ δὲ τριακοσίων ἑξήκοντα τὸ πλάτος τοῦ ἰσθμοῦ φασιν.
There is the isthmus which separates the Sapra Lake, as it is called, from the sea, being forty stadia wide, and makes the Tauric and Scythian peninsula, as it is called; but some say that the width of the isthmus is three hundred and sixty stadia.
ἡ δὲ σαπρὰ λίμνη σταδίων μὲν καὶ τετρακισχιλίων λέγεται, μέρος δʼ ἐστὶ τῆς Μαιώτιδος τὸ πρὸς δύσιν· συνεστόμωται γὰρ αὐτῇ στόματι μεγάλῳ.
And the Sapra Lake is said to be four thousand stadia in length, and it is the western part of the Maeotis; for it is connected with it by a large mouth.
ἑλώδης δʼ ἐστὶ σφόδρα καὶ ῥαπτοῖς πλοίοις μόγις πλόιμος· οἱ γὰρ ἄνεμοι τὰ τενάγη ῥᾳδίως ἀνακαλύπτουσιν, εἶτα πάλιν πληροῦσιν, ὥστε τὰ ἕλη τοῖς μείζοσι σκάφεσιν οὐ περάσιμά ἐστιν.
It is extremely marshy and scarcely navigable even for sewn boats; for the winds easily lay bare the shallows and then fill them again, so that the marshes are not passable for larger vessels.
ἔχει δʼ ὁ κόλπος νησίδια τρία καὶ προσβραχῆ τινα καὶ χοιραδώδη ὀλίγα κατὰ τὸν παράπλουν.
And the gulf has three small islands, and some shallows and a few reefs along the coasting-voyage.
§7.4.2ἐκπλέοντι δʼ ἐν ἀριστερᾷ πολίχνη καὶ ἄλλος λιμὴν Χερρονησιτῶν.
For one sailing out, on the left is a small town and another harbor of the Chersonesitans.
ἔκκειται γὰρ ἐπὶ τὴν μεσημβρίαν ἄκρα μεγάλη κατὰ τὸν παράπλουν ἐφεξῆς, μέρος οὖσα τῆς ὅλης χερρονήσου, ἐφʼ ᾗ ἵδρυται πόλις Ἡρακλεωτῶν ἄποικος τῶν ἐν τῷ Πόντῳ, αὐτὸ τοῦτο καλουμένη Χερρόνησος, διέχουσα τοῦ Τύρα παράπλουν σταδίων τετρακισχιλίων τετρακοσίων·
For next along the voyage a great cape juts out towards the south, being a part of the whole peninsula, on which is situated a city, a colony of the Heracleotes in the Pontus, itself called Chersonesus, distant from the Tyras a voyage of four thousand four hundred stadia.
ἐν ᾗ τὸ τῆς Παρθένου ἱερόν, δαίμονός τινος, ἧς ἐπώνυμος καὶ ἡ ἄκρα ἡ πρὸ τῆς πόλεώς ἐστιν ἐν σταδίοις ἑκατόν, καλουμένη Παρθένιον, ἔχον νεὼν τῆς δαίμονος καὶ ξόανον.
In it is the temple of the Parthenos, a certain deity, after whom also the cape in front of the city, at a distance of one hundred stadia, is named, being called Parthenion, having a temple of the deity and a wooden image.
μεταξὺ δὲ τῆς πόλεως καὶ τῆς ἄκρας λιμένες τρεῖς· εἶθʼ ἡ παλαιὰ Χερρόνησος κατεσκαμμένη καὶ μετʼ αὐτὴν λιμὴν στενόστομος, καθʼ ὃν μάλιστα οἱ Ταῦροι, Σκυθικὸν ἔθνος, τὰ λῃστήρια συνίσταντο τοῖς καταφεύγουσιν ἐπʼ αὐτὸν ἐπιχειροῦντες·
And between the city and the cape are three harbors; then the Old Chersonesus, which has been razed to the ground, and after it a harbor with a narrow mouth, where the Tauri, a Scythian tribe, used to establish their pirate bands, attacking those who fled into it; and it is called the harbor of Symbola.
καλεῖται δὲ συμβόλων λιμήν. οὗτος δὲ ποιεῖ πρὸς ἄλλον λιμένα Κτενοῦντα καλούμενον τετταράκοντα σταδίων ἰσθμόν· οὗτος δʼ ἐστὶν ὁ ἰσθμὸς ὁ κλείων τὴν μικρὰν χερρόνησον, ἣν ἔφαμεν τῆς μεγάλης χερρονήσου μέρος, ἔχουσαν ἐν αὑτῇ τὴν ὁμωνύμως λεγομένην πόλιν Χερρόνησον.
And this harbor makes an isthmus of forty stadia with another harbor called Ctenus; and this is the isthmus which closes the small peninsula, which we said was a part of the great peninsula, having within itself the city of Chersonesus, called homonymously.
§7.4.3αὕτη δʼ ἦν πρότερον αὐτόνομος, πορθουμένη δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων ἠναγκάσθη προστάτην ἑλέσθαι Μιθριδάτην τὸν Εὐπάτορα, στρατηγιῶντα ἐπὶ τοὺς ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἰσθμοῦ μέχρι Βορυσθένους βαρβάρους· ταῦτα δʼ ἦν ἐπὶ Ῥωμαίους παρασκευή.
This city was formerly autonomous, but being ravaged by the barbarians it was compelled to choose Mithridates Eupator as protector, who was planning a campaign against the barbarians beyond the isthmus as far as the Borysthenes; and this was a preparation against the Romans.
ἐκεῖνος μὲν οὖν κατὰ ταύτας τὰς ἐλπίδας ἄσμενος πέμψας εἰς τὴν Χερρόνησον στρατιὰν ἅμα πρός τε τοὺς Σκύθας ἐπολέμει Σκίλουρόν τε καὶ τοὺς Σκιλούρου παῖδας τοὺς περὶ Πάλακον, οὓς Ποσειδώνιος μὲν πεντήκοντά φησιν Ἀπολλωνίδης δὲ ὀγδοήκοντα· ἅμα δὲ τούτους τε ἐχειρώσατο βίᾳ καὶ Βοσπόρου κατέστη κύριος παρʼ ἑκόντος λαβὼν Παιρισάδου τοῦ κατέχοντος.
He, therefore, in accordance with these hopes, gladly sent an army to Chersonesus, and at the same time fought against the Scythians, both Scilurus and the sons of Scilurus around Palacus, whom Poseidonius says were fifty, but Apollonides eighty; and at the same time he subdued these by force and became master of the Bosporus, receiving it from Pairisades, who held it, of his own free will.
ἐξ ἐκείνου δὴ τοῦ χρόνου τοῖς τοῦ Βοσπόρου δυνάσταις ἡ τῶν Χερρονησιτῶν πόλις ὑπήκοος μέχρι νῦν ἐστι.
From that very time, the city of the Chersonesitans has been subject to the rulers of the Bosporus until now.
τὸ δʼ ἴσον ὁ Κτενοῦς διέχει τῆς τε τῶν Χερρονησιτῶν πόλεως καὶ τοῦ συμβόλων λιμένος.
And Ctenus is at an equal distance from both the city of the Chersonesitans and the harbor of Symbola.
μετὰ δὲ τὸν συμβόλων λιμένα μέχρι Θεοδοσίας πόλεως ἡ Ταυρικὴ παραλία, χιλίων που σταδίων τὸ μῆκος, τραχεῖα καὶ ὀρεινὴ καὶ καταιγίζουσα τοῖς βορέαις ἵδρυται.
And after the harbor of Symbola as far as the city of Theodosia lies the Tauric coast, about one thousand stadia in length, which is rugged, mountainous, and exposed to the north winds.
πρόκειται δʼ αὐτῆς ἄκρα πολὺ πρὸς τὸ πέλαγος καὶ τὴν μεσημβρίαν ἐκκειμένη κατὰ Παφλαγονίαν καὶ Ἄμαστριν πόλιν, καλεῖται δὲ Κριοῦ μέτωπον.
In front of it, a cape juts out far into the deep sea towards the south, opposite Paphlagonia and the city of Amastris, and it is called Ram's Forehead.
ἀντίκειται δʼ αὐτῇ τὸ τῶν Παφλαγόνων ἀκρωτήριον ἡ Κάραμβις τὸ διαιροῦν εἰς πελάγη δύο τὸν Εὔξεινον πόντον τῷ ἑκατέρωθεν σφιγγομένῳ πορθμῷ.
Opposite to it lies the cape of the Paphlagonians, Carambis, which divides the Euxine Sea into two seas by the strait which is closed on either side.
διέστηκε δʼ ἡ Κάραμβις τῆς μὲν τῶν Χερρονησιτῶν πόλεως σταδίους δισχιλίους καὶ πεντακοσίους, τοῦ δὲ Κριοῦ μετώπου πολὺ ἐλάττους τὸν ἀριθμόν· συχνοὶ γοῦν τῶν διαπλευσάντων τὸν πορθμὸν ἅμα φασὶν ἰδεῖν ἀμφοτέρας ἑκατέρωθεν τὰς ἄκρας.
And Carambis is distant from the city of the Chersonesitans two thousand five hundred stadia, but from the Ram's Forehead a much smaller number; at any rate, many of those who have sailed across the strait say that they saw both capes on either side at the same time.
ἐν δὲ τῇ ὀρεινῇ τῶν Ταύρων καὶ τὸ ὄρος ἐστὶν ὁ Τραπεζοῦς, ὁμώνυμον τῇ πόλει τῇ περὶ τὴν Τιβαρανίαν καὶ τὴν Κολχίδα· καὶ ἄλλο δʼ ἐστὶν ὄρος Κιμμέριον κατὰ τὴν αὐτὴν ὀρεινήν, δυναστευσάντων ποτὲ τῶν Κιμμερίων ἐν τῷ Βοσπόρῳ· καθʼ ὃ καὶ Κιμμερικὸς Βόσπορος καλεῖται τοῦ πορθμοῦ πᾶν ὃ ἐπέχει τὸ στόμα τῆς Μαιώτιδος.
And in the mountainous country of the Tauri there is also the mountain Trapezus, homonymous with the city in the region of Tibarania and Colchis; and there is also another mountain, Cimmerian, in the same mountainous country, because the Cimmerians once held sway in the Bosporus; wherefore also the whole strait that occupies the mouth of the Maeotis is called the Cimmerian Bosporus.