§6.1.9τοῦ δὲ Ἅληκος ποταμοῦ τοῦ διορίζοντος τὴν Ῥηγίνην ἀπὸ τῆς Λοκρίδος βαθεῖαν φάραγγα διεξιόντος ἴδιόν τι συμβαίνει τὸ περὶ τοὺς τέττιγας· οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἐν τῇ τῶν Λοκρῶν περαίᾳ φθέγγονται, τοῖς δʼ ἀφώνοις εἶναι συμβαίνει·
Moreover, as the River Halex, which divides the territory of Rhegium from Locris, flows through a deep ravine, a peculiar thing happens concerning the cicadas; for those on the opposite bank belonging to the Locrians sing, but to the others it happens to be mute.
τὸ δʼ αἴτιον εἰκάζουσιν ὅτι τοῖς μὲν παλίνσκιόν ἐστι τὸ χωρίον ὥστʼ ἐνδρόσους ὄντας μὴ διαστέλλειν τοὺς ὑμένας, τοὺς δʼ ἡλιαζομένους ξηροὺς καὶ κερατώδεις ἔχειν ὥστʼ ἀπʼ αὐτῶν εὐφυῶς ἐκπέμπεσθαι τὸν φθόγγον.
And people guess the cause to be that, for the former, the place is shady, so that they, being damp with dew, do not expand their membranes, while the others, being in the sun, have theirs dry and horn-like, so that the sound is easily emitted from them.
ἐδείκνυτο δʼ ἀνδριὰς ἐν Λοκροῖς Εὐνόμου τοῦ κιθαρῳδοῦ τέττιγα ἐπὶ τὴν κιθάραν καθήμενον ἔχων.
And there was shown in Locri a statue of Eunomus the citharode, having a cicada sitting upon his cithara.
φησὶ δὲ Τίμαιος Πυθίοις ποτὲ ἀγωνιζομένους τοῦτόν τε καὶ Ἀρίστωνα Ῥηγῖνον ἐρίσαι περὶ τοῦ κλήρου· τὸν μὲν δὴ Ἀρίστωνα δεῖσθαι τῶν Δελφῶν ἑαυτῷ συμπράττειν· ἱεροὺς γὰρ εἶναι τοῦ θεοῦ τοὺς προγόνους αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν ἀποικίαν ἐνθένδε ἐστάλθαι· τοῦ δʼ Εὐνόμου φήσαντος ἀρχὴν μηδὲ μετεῖναι ἐκείνοις τῶν περὶ φωνὴν ἀγωνισμάτων, παρʼ οἷς καὶ οἱ τέττιγες εἶεν ἄφωνοι τὰ εὐφθογγότατα τῶν ζῴων, ὅμως εὐδοκιμεῖν μηδὲν ἧττον τὸν Ἀρίστωνα καὶ ἐν ἐλπίδι τὴν νίκην ἔχειν, νικῆσαι μέντοι τὸν Εὔνομον καὶ ἀναθεῖναι τὴν λεχθεῖσαν εἰκόνα ἐν τῇ πατρίδι, ἐπειδὴ κατὰ τὸν ἀγῶνα μιᾶς τῶν χορδῶν ῥαγείσης ἐπιστὰς τέττιξ ἐκπληρώσειε τὸν φθόγγον.
And Timaeus says that this man and Ariston of Rhegium once contested for the lot at the Pythian Games; and Ariston indeed begged the Delphians to cooperate with him, for his ancestors were sacred to the god and the colony had been sent out from there; but when Eunomus said that they had no share at all in contests concerning the voice, among whom even the cicadas, the most sweet-voiced of creatures, were mute, nevertheless Ariston was held in no less esteem and had hope of victory, yet Eunomus won and dedicated the aforesaid statue in his native city, since during the contest, when one of his strings broke, a cicada settled on it and filled up the sound.
τὴν δʼ ὑπὲρ τῶν πόλεων τούτων μεσόγαιαν Βρέττιοι κατέχουσι· καὶ πόλις ἐνταῦθα Μαμέρτιον καὶ ὁ δρυμὸς ὁ φέρων τὴν ἀρίστην πίτταν τὴν Βρεττίαν, ὃν Σίλαν καλοῦσιν, εὔδενδρός τε καὶ εὔυδρος, μῆκος ἑπτακοσίων σταδίων.
The interior country above these cities is occupied by the Brattii; and there is a city there, Mamertium, and the forest that produces the best Brattian pitch, which they call Sila, well-wooded and well-watered, seven hundred stadia in length.
§6.1.10μετὰ δὲ Λοκροὺς Σάγρα, ὃν θηλυκῶς ὀνομάζουσιν, ἐφʼ οὗ βωμοὶ Διοσκούρων, περὶ οὓς Λοκροὶ μύριοι μετὰ Ῥηγίνων πρὸς δεκατρεῖς μυριάδας Κροτωνιατῶν συμβαλόντες ἐνίκησαν· ἀφʼ οὗ τὴν παροιμίαν πρὸς τοὺς ἀπιστοῦντας ἐκπεσεῖν φασιν
ἀληθέστερα τῶν ἐπὶ Σάγρᾳ. προσμεμυθεύκασι δʼ ἔνιοι καὶ διότι αὐθημερὸν τοῦ ἀγῶνος ἐνεστῶτος Ὀλυμπίασιν ἀπαγγελθείη τοῖς ἐκεῖ τὸ συμβάν, καὶ εὑρεθείη τὸ τάχος τῆς ἀγγελίας ἀληθές.
And after Locri is the Sagra, which they name in the feminine, on which are the altars of the Dioscuri, around which ten thousand Locrians, together with the Rhegians, having engaged with a hundred and thirty thousand Crotoniates, were victorious; whence they say the proverb arose for those who are unbelieving: "truer than the events at the Sagra." And some have further mythologized that on the very day of the contest, while it was ongoing at Olympia, the event was announced to the people there, and the speed of the message was found to be true.
ταύτην δὲ τὴν συμφορὰν αἰτίαν τοῖς Κροτωνιάταις φασὶ τοῦ μὴ πολὺν ἔτι συμμεῖναι χρόνον διὰ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν τότε πεσόντων ἀνδρῶν.
And they say that this disaster was the cause why the Crotoniates did not remain together for a long time afterwards, because of the multitude of the men who fell at that time.
μετὰ δὲ τὴν Σάγραν Ἀχαιῶν κτίσμα Καυλωνία, πρότερον δʼ Αὐλωνία λεγομένη διὰ τὸν προκείμενον αὐλῶνα.
And after the Sagra is Caulonia, a foundation of the Achaeans, formerly called Caulonia because of the glen lying before it.
ἔστι δʼ ἔρημος· οἱ γὰρ ἔχοντες εἰς Σικελίαν ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων ἐξέπεσον καὶ τὴν ἐκεῖ Καυλωνίαν ἔκτισαν.
And it is deserted; for those who held it were expelled by the barbarians into Sicily and founded the Caulonia there.
μετὰ δὲ ταύτην Σκυλλήτιον ἄποικος Ἀθηναίων τῶν μετὰ Μενεσθέως (νῦν δὲ Σκυλάκιον καλεῖται), Κροτωνιατῶν δʼ ἐχόντων Διονύσιος Λοκροῖς προσώρισεν.
And after this is Scylletium, a colony of the Athenians who were with Menestheus (and now it is called Skylakion), which, when the Crotoniates held it, Dionysius assigned to the Locrians.
ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς πόλεως καὶ ὁ κόλπος Σκυλλητικὸς ὠνόμασται, ποιῶν τὸν εἰρημένον ἰσθμὸν πρὸς τὸν Ἱππωνιάτην κόλπον.
And from the city, the Scylletic Gulf also has been named, forming the aforesaid isthmus with the Hipponiate Gulf.
ἐπεχείρησε δʼ ὁ Διονύσιος καὶ διατειχίζειν τὸν ἰσθμὸν στρατεύσας ἐπὶ Λευκανούς, λόγῳ μὲν ὡς ἀσφάλειαν παρέξων ἀπὸ τῶν ἐκτὸς βαρβάρων τοῖς ἐντὸς ἰσθμοῦ, τὸ δʼ ἀληθὲς λῦσαι τὴν πρὸς ἀλλήλους κοινωνίαν τῶν Ἑλλήνων βουλόμενος, ὥστʼ ἄρχειν ἀδεῶς τῶν ἐντός· ἀλλʼ ἐκώλυσαν οἱ ἐκτὸς εἰσελθόντες.
And Dionysius also attempted to wall off the isthmus when he campaigned against the Lucanians, ostensibly indeed to provide security from the barbarians outside to those within the isthmus, but in truth wishing to dissolve the mutual communion of the Greeks, so that he might rule those within without fear; but those from the outside entered and prevented it.
§6.1.11μετὰ δὲ τὸ Σκυλλήτιον ἡ Κροτωνιᾶτις χώρα καὶ τῶν Ἰαπύγων ἄκραι τρεῖς.
And after Scylletium is the Crotoniate territory and three capes of the Iapyges.
μετὰ δὲ ταύτας τὸ Λακίνιον Ἥρας ἱερόν, πλούσιόν ποτε ὑπάρξαν καὶ πολλῶν ἀναθημάτων μεστόν.
And after these is the Lacinium, the temple of Hera, which was once wealthy and full of many votive offerings.
τὰ διάρματα δʼ οὐκ εὐκρινῶς λέγεται· πλὴν ὥς γε ἐπὶ τὸ πολὺ σταδίους ἀπὸ πορθμοῦ μέχρι Λακινίου Πολύβιος ἀποδίδωσι χιλίους καὶ τριακοσίους, ἐντεῦθεν δὲ καὶ δίαρμα εἰς ἄκραν Ἰαπυγίαν ἑπτακοσίους.
But the crossings are not clearly stated; except that, for the most part, Polybius gives thirteen hundred stadia from the strait as far as Lacinium, and thence the crossing to Cape Iapygia as seven hundred.
τοῦτο μὲν οὖν στόμα λέγουσι τοῦ Ταραντίνου κόλπου.
This, then, they call the mouth of the Tarentine Gulf.
αὐτὸς δʼ ὁ κόλπος ἔχει περίπλουν ἀξιόλογον μιλίων διακοσίων τετταράκοντα, ὡς ὁ χωρογράφος φησί τριακοσίων ὀγδοήκοντα ἀζώνῳ, Ἀρτεμίδωρος· τοσούτοις δὲ καὶ λείπων τοῦ πλάτους τοῦ στόματος τοῦ κόλπου.
And the gulf itself has a remarkable circumnavigation of two hundred and forty miles, as the chorographer says, but according to Artemidorus, three hundred and eighty without a zone, and lacking by so much the width of the mouth of the gulf.
βλέπει δὲ πρὸς ἀνατολὰς χειμερινάς, ἀρχὴ δʼ αὐτοῦ τὸ Λακίνιον· κάμψαντι γὰρ εὐθὺς αἱ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν πόλεις ἦσαν, αἳ νῦν οὐκ εἰσὶ πλὴν τῆς Ταραντίνων.
And it faces the winter sunrises, and its beginning is Lacinium; for to one who has rounded it, immediately there were the cities of the Achaeans, which now do not exist, except that of the Tarentines.
ἀλλὰ διὰ τὴν δόξαν τινῶν ἄξιον καὶ ἐπὶ πλέον αὐτῶν μνησθῆναι.
But because of the fame of some, it is worthwhile to mention them at greater length.