§6.1.7ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ Ῥηγίου πλέοντι πρὸς ἕω Λευκοπέτραν καλοῦσιν ἄκραν ἀπὸ τῆς χρόας ἐν πεντήκοντα σταδίοις, εἰς ἣν τελευτᾶν φασι τὸ Ἀπέννινον ὄρος.
For one sailing from Rhegium towards the east, at a distance of fifty stadia, there is a cape which they call Leucopetra from its colour, at which they say the Apennine Mountain ends.
ἐντεῦθεν δὲ Ἡράκλειον, ὃ δὴ τελευταῖον ἀκρωτήριον νεύει πρὸς μεσημβρίαν· κάμψαντι γὰρ εὐθὺς ὁ πλοῦς λιβὶ μέχρι πρὸς ἄκραν Ἰαπυγίαν· εἶτʼ ἐκκλίνει πρὸς ἄρκτον ἀεὶ καὶ μᾶλλον καὶ πρὸς τὴν ἑσπέραν ἐπὶ τὸν κόλπον τὸν Ἰόνιον.
And from there is Heracleium, which is indeed the last promontory and faces south; for to one who has rounded it, the voyage is immediately with the south-west wind as far as Cape Iapygia; then the course inclines towards the north, and more and more towards the west, to the Ionian Gulf.
μετὰ δὲ τὸ Ἡράκλειον ἄκρα τῆς Λοκρίδος ἣ καλεῖται Ζεφύριον, ἔχουσα τοῖς ἑσπερίοις ἀνέμοις λιμένα, ἐξ οὗ καὶ τοὔνομα.
And after Heracleium is the cape of Locris which is called Zephyrium, having a harbour against the western winds, whence also its name.
εἶθʼ ἡ πόλις οἱ Λοκροὶ οἱ Ἐπιζεφύριοι, Λοκρῶν ἄποικοι τῶν ἐν τῷ Κρισαίῳ κόλπῳ, μικρὸν ὕστερον τῆς Κρότωνος καὶ Συρακουσσῶν κτίσεως ἀποικισθέντες ὑπὸ Εὐάνθους· Ἔφορος δʼ οὐκ εὖ τῶν Ὀπουντίων Λοκρῶν ἀποίκους φήσας.
Then the city of the Epizephyrian Locrians, colonists of the Locrians on the Crisaean Gulf, who were sent out as a colony by Evanthes a little after the founding of Croton and Syracuse; though Ephorus was incorrect in saying that they were colonists of the Opuntian Locrians.
ἔτη μὲν οὖν τρία ἢ τέτταρα ᾤκουν ἐπὶ τῷ Ζεφυρίῳ· καὶ ἔστιν ἐκεῖ κρήνη Λοκρία, ὅπου οἱ Λοκροὶ ἐστρατοπεδεύσαντο.
Now, for three or four years they lived at Zephyrium; and there is a spring there called Locria, where the Locrians encamped.
εἶτα μετήνεγκαν τὴν πόλιν συμπραξάντων καὶ Συρακουσσίων.
Then they relocated the city, with the cooperation of the Syracusans as well.
ἅμα γὰρ οὗτοι ἐν οἷς εἰσὶ δʼ ἀπὸ Ῥηγίου μέχρι Λοκρῶν ἑξακόσιοι στάδιοι.
For at the same time these, among whom... Moreover, from Rhegium to Locri is six hundred stadia.
ἵδρυται δʼ ἡ πόλις ἐπʼ ὀφρύος ἣν Ἐπῶπιν καλοῦσι. §6.1.8πρῶτοι δὲ νόμοις ἐγγράπτοις χρήσασθαι πεπιστευμένοι εἰσί· καὶ πλεῖστον χρόνον εὐνομηθέντας Διονύσιος ἐκπεσὼν ἐκ τῆς Συρακουσσίων ἀνομώτατα πάντων διεχρήσατο, ὅς γε προεγάμει μὲν παρεισιὼν εἰς τὸ δωμάτιον τὰς νυμφοστοληθείσας, συναγαγὼν δὲ τὰς ὡραίας παρθένους περιστερὰς κολοπτέρους ἐν τοῖς συμποσίοις ἠφίει, κἀκείνας ἐκέλευσε θηρεύειν γυμνάς, τινὰς δὲ καὶ σανδάλια ὑποδουμένας ἄζυγα, τὸ μὲν ὑψηλὸν τὸ δὲ ταπεινόν, περιδιώκειν τὰς φάσσας τοῦ ἀπρεποῦς χάριν.
And the city is situated on a brow of a hill which they call Epopis. And they are believed to be the first to have used written laws; and though they had enjoyed good laws for a very long time, Dionysius, when he was expelled from Syracuse, treated them in the most lawless manner of all. He would enter into the chamber of the brides and deflower them before their marriage, and collecting the young maidens of age, he would let loose wing-clipped pigeons at his banquets and order them to hunt them naked, and some of them, shod in mismatched sandals, one high and the other low, to chase the wild pigeons for the sake of indecency.
δίκας μέντοι ἔτισεν, ἐπειδὴ πάλιν εἰς τὴν Σικελίαν ἐπανῆλθεν ἀναληψόμενος τὴν ἀρχήν· καταλύσαντες γὰρ οἱ Λοκροὶ τὴν φρουρὰν ἠλευθέρωσαν σφᾶς καὶ τῆς γυναικὸς αὐτοῦ καὶ τῶν παιδίων κύριοι κατέστησαν·
However, he paid the penalty when he returned again to Sicily to recover his rule; for the Locrians, having destroyed his garrison, liberated themselves and became masters of his wife and children.
δύο δʼ ἦσαν αἱ θυγατέρες καὶ τῶν υἱῶν ὁ νεώτερος ἤδη μειράκιον· ἅτερος γὰρ Ἀπολλοκράτης συνεστρατήγει τῷ πατρὶ τὴν κάθοδον.
There were two daughters, and the younger of the sons was already a youth; for the other, Apollocrates, was campaigning with his father for his return.
πολλὰ δὲ δεομένῳ τῷ Διονυσίῳ καὐτῷ καὶ Ταραντίνοις ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ προέσθαι τὰ σώματα ἐφʼ οἷς ἂν ἐθελήσωσιν οὐκ ἔδοσαν, ἀλλὰ πολιορκίαν ὑπέμειναν καὶ πόρθησιν τῆς χώρας, τὸν δὲ θυμὸν εἰς τὰς θυγατέρας τὸν πλεῖστον ἐξέχεαν· καταπορνευθείσας γὰρ ἐστραγγάλησαν, εἶτα καύσαντες τὰ σώματα κατήλεσαν τὰ ὀστᾶ καὶ κατεπόντωσαν.
And although Dionysius himself and the Tarantines on his behalf begged them earnestly to release their persons on whatever terms they wished, they did not give them up, but endured a siege and the ravaging of their territory, and poured out most of their wrath upon the daughters; for after having prostituted them, they strangled them, and then, having burned their bodies, they ground up their bones and cast them into the sea.
τῆς δὲ τῶν Λοκρῶν νομογραφίας μνησθεὶς Ἔφορος, ἣν Ζάλευκος συνέταξεν ἔκ τε τῶν Κρητικῶν νομίμων καὶ Λακωνικῶν καὶ ἐκ τῶν Ἀρεοπαγιτικῶν, φησὶν ἐν τοῖς πρώτοις καινίσαι τοῦτο τὸν Ζάλευκον ὅτι, τῶν πρότερον τὰς ζημίας τοῖς δικασταῖς ἐπιτρεψάντων ὁρίζειν ἐφʼ ἑκάστοις τοῖς ἀδικήμασιν, ἐκεῖνος ἐν τοῖς νόμοις διώρισεν, ἡγούμενος τὰς μὲν γνώμας τῶν δικαστῶν οὐχὶ τὰς αὐτὰς εἶναι περὶ τῶν αὐτῶν, δεῖν εἶναι τὰς αὐτάς· ἐπαινεῖ καὶ τὸ ἁπλουστέρως αὐτὸν περὶ τῶν συμβολαίων διατάξαι.
And Ephorus, mentioning the legislation of the Locrians, which Zaleucus compiled from both the Cretan customs and the Laconian, and from those of the Areopagus, says that Zaleucus was among the first to introduce this innovation, that whereas earlier people had left the determination of penalties for each offense to the judges, he defined them in the laws, believing that the opinions of judges are not the same about the same things, whereas they ought to be the same; and he also praises his having regulated contracts in a simpler manner.
Θουρίους δʼ ὕστερον ἀκριβοῦν θέλοντας πέρα τῶν Λοκρῶν ἐνδοξοτέρους μὲν γενέσθαι, χείρονας δέ· εὐνομεῖσθαι γὰρ οὐ τοὺς ἐν τοῖς νόμοις ἅπαντα φυλαττομένους τὰ τῶν συκοφαντῶν, ἀλλὰ τοὺς ἐμμένοντας τοῖς ἁπλῶς κειμένοις.
But the Thurians, who later wished to be more precise than the Locrians, became more famous indeed, but worse; for those are well governed who abide by simply laid-down laws, not those who guard against every device of the sycophants in their laws.
τοῦτο δὲ καὶ Πλάτων εἴρηκεν ὅτι παρʼ οἷς πλεῖστοι νόμοι καὶ δίκαι παρὰ τούτοις καὶ βίοι μοχθηροί, καθάπερ καὶ παρʼ οἷς ἰατροὶ πολλοὶ καὶ νόσους εἰκὸς εἶναι πολλάς.
And Plato also has said this, that those among whom there are most laws and lawsuits, among them there are also wretched lives, just as where there are many physicians, many diseases are likely to exist.