§5.2.8Ἀπὸ πάσης δὲ τῆς μεταξὺ Ποπλωνίου καὶ Πίσης ἱκανῶς αἱ νῆσοι κατοπτεύονται· ἐπιμήκεις δʼ εἰσὶ καὶ παράλληλοι σχεδὸν αἱ τρεῖς ἐπὶ νότον καὶ Λιβύην τετραμμέναι· πολὺ μέντοι τῷ μεγέθει λείπεται τῶν ἄλλων ἡ Αἰθαλία.
From the whole coast between Poplonium and Pisa, the islands are clearly visible; these three islands are oblong and almost parallel, stretched towards the south and Libya, though Aethalia is far inferior to the others in size.
ἀπό τε τῆς Λιβύης τὸ ἐγγυτάτω δίαρμά φησιν ὁ χωρογράφος εἰς τὴν Σαρδὼ μίλια τριακόσια.
The chorographer says that the shortest crossing from Libya to Sardinia is three hundred miles.
μετὰ δὲ τὸ Ποπλώνιον Κόσαι πόλις μικρὸν ὑπὲρ τῆς θαλάττης· ἔστι δʼ ἐν κόλπῳ βουνὸς ὑψηλός, ἐφʼ οὗ τὸ κτίσμα·
After Poplonium is the city of Cosae, slightly above the sea; there is a high hill in a gulf, upon which the town is built.
ὑπόκειται δʼ Ἡρακλέους λιμὴν καὶ πλησίον λιμνοθάλαττα καὶ παρὰ τὴν ἄκραν τὴν ὑπὲρ τοῦ κόλπου θυννοσκοπεῖον.
Below it lies the Port of Heracles, and nearby is a lagoon, and by the promontory above the gulf is a tunny-watching station.
ἀκολουθεῖ γὰρ ὁ θύννος οὐ τῇ βαλάνῳ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῇ πορφύρᾳ παρὰ γῆν, ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ τῆς ἔξω θαλάττης μέχρι καὶ Σικελίας.
For the tunny-fish follows not only the acorn but also the purple-fish along the coast, starting from the outer sea and reaching even to Sicily.
ἀπὸ δὲ τῶν Κοσῶν εἰς Ὤστια παραπλέουσι πολίχνιά ἐστι Γραουίσκοι καὶ Πύργοι καὶ Ἄλσιον καὶ Φρεγῆνα.
For those who sail along the coast from Cosae to Ostia, there are the small towns of Graviscae, Pyrgi, Alsium, and Fregenae.
εἰς μὲν δὴ Γραουίσκους στάδιοι τριακόσιοι, ἐν δὲ τῷ μεταξὺ τόπος ἐστὶ καλούμενος Ῥηγισουίλλα· ἱστόρηται δὲ γενέσθαι τοῦτο βασίλειον Μάλεω τοῦ Πελασγοῦ, ὅν φασι δυναστεύσαντα ἐν τοῖς τόποις μετὰ τῶν συνοίκων Πελασγῶν ἀπελθεῖν ἐνθένδε εἰς Ἀθήνας· τούτου δʼ εἰσὶ τοῦ φύλου καὶ οἱ τὴν Ἄγυλλαν κατεσχηκότες.
To Graviscae, indeed, it is three hundred stadia, and in the intervening space is a place called Regisvilla; this is recorded to have been the palace of Maleos the Pelasgian, who they say, having ruled in these places with the Pelasgians who settled with him, departed from here to Athens; and to this tribe belong also those who occupied Agylla.
ἀπὸ δὲ Γραουίσκων εἰς Πύργους μικρὸν ἐλάττους τῶν ἑκατὸν ὀγδοήκοντα, ἔστι δʼ ἐπίνειον τῶν Καιρετανῶν ἀπὸ τριάκοντα σταδίων.
From Graviscae to Pyrgi is slightly less than one hundred and eighty stadia, and it is the port of the Caeretani, thirty stadia away.
ἔχει δὲ Εἰληθυίας ἱερόν, Πελασγῶν ἵδρυμα, πλούσιόν ποτε γενόμενον· ἐσύλησε δʼ αὐτὸ Διονύσιος ὁ τῶν Σικελιωτῶν τύραννος κατὰ τὸν πλοῦν τὸν ἐπὶ Κύρνον.
It has a temple of Eileithyia, a foundation of the Pelasgians, which was once wealthy; Dionysius, the tyrant of the Siceliotes, plundered it during his voyage to Kyrnos.
ἀπὸ δὲ τῶν Πύργων εἰς Ὤστια διακόσιοι ἑξήκοντα· ἐν δὲ τῷ μεταξὺ τὸ Ἄλσιον καὶ ἡ Φρεγῆνα.
From Pyrgi to Ostia is two hundred and sixty stadia; and in the intervening space are Alsium and Fregenae.
περὶ μὲν τῆς παραλίας τῆς Τυρρηνικῆς ταῦτα.
Concerning the Tyrrhenian coast, then, this is all.
§5.2.9Ἐν δὲ τῇ μεσογαίᾳ πόλεις πρὸς ταῖς εἰρημέναις Ἀρρήτιόν τε καὶ Περουσία καὶ Ὀυολσίνιοι καὶ Σούτριον· πρὸς δὲ ταύταις πολίχναι συχναί, Βλήρα τε καὶ Φερεντῖνον καὶ Φαλέριοι καὶ Φαλίσκον καὶ Νεπήτα καὶ Στατωνία καὶ ἄλλαι πλείους, αἱ μὲν ἐξ ἀρχῆς συνεστῶσαι, τινὲς δὲ τῶν Ῥωμαίων οἰκισάντων ἢ ταπεινωσάντων, καθάπερ τοὺς Ὀυηίους πολεμήσαντας πολλάκις καὶ τὰς Φιδήνας.
In the interior, in addition to the cities already mentioned, are Arretium, Perusia, Volsinii, and Sutrium; and besides these are numerous small towns, Blera, Ferentinum, Falerii, Faliscum, Nepete, Statonia, and many others, some surviving from the beginning, and others established or reduced by the Romans, just like Veii and Fidenae, which warred against them many times.
ἔνιοι δʼ οὐ Τυρρηνούς φασι τοὺς Φαλερίους ἀλλὰ Φαλίσκους, ἴδιον ἔθνος· τινὲς δὲ καὶ τοὺς Φαλίσκους πόλιν ἰδιόγλωσσον· οἱ δὲ Αἰκουουμφαλίσκον λέγουσιν ἐπὶ τῇ Φλαμινίᾳ ὁδῷ κείμενον μεταξὺ Ὀκρίκλων καὶ Ῥώμης.
Some say that the people of Falerii are not Tyrrhenians but Falisci, a distinct tribe; and some say that Faliscum is a city with its own language; others speak of Aequum Faliscum situated on the Flaminian Way between Ocricula and Rome.
ὑπὸ δὲ τῷ Σωράκτῳ ὄρει Φερωνία πόλις ἐστίν, ὁμώνυμος ἐπιχωρίᾳ τινὶ δαίμονι τιμωμένῃ σφόδρα ὑπὸ τῶν περιοίκων, ἧς τέμενός ἐστιν ἐν τῷ τόπῳ θαυμαστὴν ἱεροποιίαν ἔχον· γυμνοῖς γὰρ ποσὶ διεξίασιν ἀνθρακιὰν καὶ σποδιὰν μεγάλην οἱ κατεχόμενοι ὑπὸ τῆς δαίμονος ταύτης ἀπαθεῖς, καὶ συνέρχεται πλῆθος ἀνθρώπων ἅμα τῆς τε πανηγύρεως χάριν, ἣ συντελεῖται κατʼ ἔτος, καὶ τῆς λεχθείσης θέας.
Under Mount Soracte is the city of Feronia, having the same name as a certain local goddess who is highly revered by the surrounding inhabitants, whose sacred precinct is in that place, possessing a wonderful sacred rite; for those possessed by this goddess walk with bare feet over a great heap of burning coals and ashes without receiving any harm, and a multitude of people assemble at the same time for the sake of the festival, which is celebrated annually, and for the sake of the aforementioned spectacle.
μάλιστα δʼ ἐστὶν ἐν μεσογαίᾳ τὸ Ἀρρήτιον πρὸς τοῖς ὄρεσιν. ἀπέχει γοῦν τῆς Ῥώμης χιλίους καὶ διακοσίους σταδίους, τὸ δὲ Κλούσιον ὀκτακοσίους· ἐγγὺς δὲ τούτων ἐστὶ καὶ ἡ Περουσία.
Arretium is situated most inland, near the mountains; at any rate, it is distant from Rome one thousand two hundred stadia, and Clusium eight hundred; and near these is also Perusia.
προσλαμβάνουσι δὲ πρὸς τὴν εὐδαιμονίαν τῆς χώρας καὶ λίμναι μεγάλαι τε καὶ πολλαὶ οὖσαι· καὶ γὰρ πλέονται καὶ τρέφουσιν ὄψον πολὺ καὶ τῶν πτηνῶν τὰ λιμναῖα· τύφη τε καὶ πάπυρος ἀνθήλη τε πολλὴ κατακομίζεται ποταμοῖς εἰς τὴν Ῥώμην, οὓς ἐκδιδόασιν αἱ λίμναι μέχρι τοῦ Τιβέρεως· ὧν ἐστιν ἥ τε Κιμινία καὶ ἡ περὶ Ὀυολσινίους καὶ ἡ περὶ Κλούσιον καὶ ἡ ἐγγυτάτω τῆς Ῥώμης καὶ τῆς θαλάττης Σαβάτα· ἀπωτάτω δὲ καὶ δὴ πρὸς Ἀρρητίῳ ἡ Τρασουμέννα, καθʼ ἣν αἱ ἐκ τῆς Κελτικῆς εἰς τὴν Τυρρηνίαν εἰσβολαὶ στρατοπέδοις, αἷσπερ καὶ Ἀννίβας ἐχρήσατο, δυεῖν οὐσῶν, ταύτης τε καὶ τῆς ἐπʼ Ἀριμίνου διὰ τῆς Ὀμβρικῆς.
Greatly contributing to the prosperity of the country are the lakes, which are both large and numerous; for they are navigated and they nourish much fish and many lake-birds; and bulrushes, papyrus, and much anthele are carried down by the rivers which empty from the lakes into the Tiber as far as Rome, among which are Ciminia, the lake around Volsinii, the lake around Clusium, and Sabata, which is closest to Rome and the sea; but the furthest and indeed near Arretium is Trasumenna, along which run the passes from Celtic territory into Tyrrhenia for armies, which Hannibal also used, there being two of them, this one and the one to Ariminum through Umbria.
βελτίων μὲν οὖν ἡ ἐπʼ Ἀριμίνου· ταπεινοῦται γὰρ ἐνταῦθα ἱκανῶς τὰ ὄρη· φρουρουμένων δὲ τῶν παρόδων τούτων ἐπιμελῶς, ἠναγκάσθη τὴν χαλεπωτέραν ἑλέσθαι, καὶ ἐκράτησεν ὅμως νικήσας μάχας μεγάλας Φλαμίνιον.
Now the pass to Ariminum is better, for there the mountains are considerably lower; but as these passes were carefully guarded, he was forced to choose the more difficult one, and nevertheless prevailed after defeating Flaminius in great battles.
πολλὴ δὲ καὶ τῶν θερμῶν ὑδάτων ἀφθονία κατὰ τὴν Τυρρηνίαν· οὐχ ἧττον δʼ εὐανδρεῖ τῶν ἐν Βαΐαις, ἃ διωνόμασται πολὺ πάντων μάλιστα.
There is also a great abundance of warm waters throughout Tyrrhenia, and they are no less crowded with people than those in Baiae, which are far more celebrated than all others.