§5.1.3κατὰ μέρος δʼ οὕτως εἰπεῖν δυνατόν, ὅτι τῶν μὲν Ἄλπεων περιφερὴς ἡ ὑπώρειά ἐστι καὶ κολπώδης, τὰ κοῖλα ἔχουσα ἐστραμμένα πρὸς τὴν Ἰταλίαν· τοῦ δὲ κόλπου τὰ μὲν μέσα πρὸς τοῖς Σαλασσοῖς ἐστί, τὰ δʼ ἄκρα ἐπιστροφὴν λαμβάνει, τὰ μὲν μέχρι τῆς Ὄκρας καὶ τοῦ μυχοῦ τοῦ κατὰ τὸν Ἀδρίαν, τὰ δʼ εἰς τὴν Λιγυστικὴν παραλίαν μέχρι Γενούας τοῦ τῶν Λιγύων ἐμπορίου, ὅπου τὰ Ἀπέννινα ὄρη συνάπτει ταῖς Ἄλπεσιν.
We can describe it in detail as follows: the foothills of the Alps are curved and gulf-like, having their concave parts turned towards Italy; and the middle of this gulf is in the country of the Salassi, while its extremities bend around, the one as far as Ocra and the innermost recess of the Adriatic, the other to the Ligurian coast as far as Genua, the emporium of the Ligures, where the Apennine Mountains join the Alps.
ὑπόκειται δʼ εὐθὺς πεδίον ἀξιόλογον, πάρισόν πως ἔχον τὸ πλάτος καὶ τὸ μῆκος, σταδίων ἑκατὸν καὶ δισχιλίων· τὸ δὲ μεσημβρινὸν αὐτοῦ πλευρὸν κλείεται τῇ τε τῶν Ἑνετῶν παραλίᾳ καὶ τοῖς Ἀπεννίνοις ὄρεσι τοῖς περὶ Ἀρίμινον καὶ Ἀγκῶνα καθήκουσι.
Immediately below lies a remarkable plain, having its breadth and length approximately equal, namely, two thousand one hundred stadia; and its southern side is closed by the coast of the Heneti and the Apennine Mountains which descend to the regions of Ariminum and Ancon.
ταῦτα γὰρ ἀρξάμενα ἀπὸ τῆς Λιγυστικῆς εἰς τὴν Τυρρηνίαν ἐμβάλλει, στενὴν παραλίαν ἀπολείποντα· εἶτʼ ἀναχωροῦντα εἰς τὴν μεσόγαιαν κατʼ ὀλίγον, ἐπειδὰν γένηται κατὰ τὴν Πισᾶτιν, ἐπιστρέφει πρὸς ἕω καὶ πρὸς τὸν Ἀδρίαν ἕως τῶν περὶ Ἀρίμινον καὶ Ἀγκῶνα τόπων, συνάπτοντα ἐπʼ εὐθείας τῇ τῶν Ἑνετῶν παραλίᾳ.
For these, starting from Liguria, enter Tyrrhenia, leaving a narrow coast; then, retreating gradually into the interior, when they reach the territory of Pisatis, they turn towards the east and towards the Adriatic as far as the regions of Ariminum and Ancon, joining in a straight line with the coast of the Heneti.
ἡ μὲν οὖν ἐντὸς Ἄλπεων Κελτικὴ τούτοις κλείεται τοῖς ὅροις, καὶ ἔστι τῆς μὲν παραλίας τὸ μῆκος ὅσον τριακοσίων σταδίων ἐπὶ τοῖς ἑξακισχιλίοις τῶν ὀρῶν, μικρὸν δʼ ἔλαττον τὸ πλάτος τῶν χιλίων.
Thus Celtica within the Alps is closed by these boundaries, and the length of its coast is as much as three hundred stadia in addition to the six thousand of the mountains, while its breadth is a little less than one thousand.
ἡ λοιπὴ δʼ Ἰταλία στενὴ καὶ παραμήκης ἐστί, κορυφουμένη διχῶς, τῇ μὲν πρὸς τὸν Σικελικὸν πορθμὸν τῇ δὲ πρὸς τὴν Ἰαπυγίαν, σφιγγομένη δʼ ἑκατέρωθεν, τῇ μὲν ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἀδρίου τῇ δʼ ὑπὸ τοῦ Τυρρηνικοῦ πελάγους.
The rest of Italy is narrow and long, peaking in two directions, the one towards the Sicilian Strait and the other towards Iapygia, and is squeezed on either side, on one side by the Adriatic and on the other by the Tyrrhenian Sea.
ἔστι δʼ ὅμοιον τὸ σχῆμα τοῦ Ἀδρίου καὶ τὸ μέγεθος τῇ Ἰταλίᾳ τῇ ἀφοριζομένῃ τοῖς τε Ἀπεννίνοις ὄρεσι καὶ τῇ θαλάττῃ ἑκατέρᾳ μέχρι τῆς Ἰαπυγίας καὶ τοῦ ἰσθμοῦ τοῦ κατὰ τὸν Ταραντῖνον καὶ τὸν Ποσειδωνιάτην κόλπον· τό τε γὰρ πλάτος τὸ μέγιστον ἀμφοῖν ἐστὶ περὶ χιλίους καὶ τριακοσίους σταδίους, τὸ δὲ μῆκος ἔλαττον πολὺ τῶν ἑξακισχιλίων.
And the shape and size of the Adriatic are similar to that part of Italy which is bounded by the Apennine Mountains and by both seas as far as Iapygia and the isthmus at the Gulf of Tarentum and that of Poseidonia; for the maximum breadth of both is about one thousand three hundred stadia, and the length is much less than six thousand.
ἡ λοιπὴ δʼ ἐστὶν ὅσην κατέχουσι Βρέττιοι καὶ Λευκανῶν τινές.
The rest is as much as the Brettii and some of the Lucanians occupy.
φησὶ δὲ Πολύβιος πεζῇ μὲν εἶναι τὴν παραλίαν τὴν ἀπὸ Ἰαπυγίας μέχρι πορθμοῦ καὶ τρισχιλίων σταδίων, κλύζεσθαι δʼ αὐτὴν τῷ Σικελικῷ πελάγει, πλέοντι δὲ καὶ πεντακοσίων δέουσαν.
And Polybius says that the coast from Iapygia to the Strait is three thousand stadia by land, washed by the Sicilian Sea, and for one sailing, it is five hundred stadia less.
τὰ δὲ Ἀπέννινα ὄρη συνάψαντα τοῖς περὶ Ἀρίμινον καὶ Ἀγκῶνα τόποις καὶ ἀφορίσαντα τὸ ταύτῃ πλάτος τῆς Ἰταλίας ἀπὸ θαλάττης ἐπὶ θάλατταν ἐπιστροφὴν λαμβάνει πάλιν, καὶ τέμνει τὴν χώραν ὅλην ἐπὶ μῆκος.
And the Apennine Mountains, after joining the regions around Ariminum and Ancon and bounding the breadth of Italy in this part from sea to sea, turn back again and divide the whole country longitudinally.
μέχρι μὲν δὴ Πευκετίων καὶ Λευκανῶν οὐ πολὺ ἀφίσταται τοῦ Ἀδρίου· συνάψαντα δὲ Λευκανοῖς ἐπὶ τὴν ἑτέραν θάλατταν ἀποκλίνει μᾶλλον καὶ λοιπὸν διὰ μέσων τῶν Λευκανῶν καὶ Βρεττίων διεξιόντα τελευτᾷ πρὸς τὴν Λευκόπετραν τῆς Ῥηγίνης καλουμένην.
As far as the Peucetii and the Lucanians, indeed, they do not recede far from the Adriatic; but having joined the Lucanians, they slope more towards the other sea, and for the rest, passing through the middle of the Lucanians and Brettii, they end at the place called Leucopetra of Rhegium.
τυπωδῶς μὲν οὖν εἴρηται περὶ τῆς νῦν Ἰταλίας ἁπάσης ταῦτα· πειρασόμεθα δὲ ἀναλαβόντες εἰπεῖν περὶ τῶν καθʼ ἕκαστα, καὶ πρῶτον περὶ τῶν ὑπὸ ταῖς Ἄλπεσιν.
Now these things have been said in outline concerning the whole of present-day Italy; and we shall attempt, taking it up again, to speak of the details, and first of those parts under the Alps.