§4.5.1̔η δὲ Βρεττανικὴ τρίγωνος μέν ἐστι τῷ σχήματι, παραβέβληται δὲ τὸ μέγιστον αὐτῆς πλευρὸν τῇ Κελτικῇ, τοῦ μήκους οὔθʼ ὑπερβάλλον οὔτʼ ἐλλεῖπον· ἔστι γὰρ ὅσον τετρακισχιλίων καὶ τριακοσίων ἢ τετρακοσίων σταδίων ἑκάτερον, τό τε Κελτικὸν τὸ ἀπὸ τῶν ἐκβολῶν τοῦ Ῥήνου μέχρι πρὸς τὰ βόρεια τῆς Πυρήνης ἄκρα τὰ κατὰ Ἀκυιτανίαν, καὶ τὸ ἀπὸ Καντίου τοῦ καταντικρὺ τῶν ἐκβολῶν τοῦ Ῥήνου, ἑωθινωτάτου σημείου τῆς Βρεττανικῆς, μέχρι πρὸς τὸ ἑσπέριον ἄκρον τῆς νήσου τὸ κατὰ τὴν Ἀκυιτανίαν καὶ τὴν Πυρήνην ἀντικείμενον.
Britain is triangular in shape, and its longest side lies parallel to Celtica, neither exceeding nor falling short of it in length; for each of the two is about four thousand three hundred or four hundred stadia, namely, the Celtic side from the outlets of the Rhine to the northern extremities of the Pyrenees near Aquitania, and the side from Cantium, which lies directly opposite the outlets of the Rhine and is the easternmost point of Britain, to the western extremity of the island which lies opposite Aquitania and the Pyrenees.
τοῦτο μὲν δὴ τοὐλάχιστον διάστημα ἀπὸ τῆς Πυρήνης ἐπὶ τὸν Ῥῆνόν ἐστιν, ἐπεὶ τὸ μέγιστον εἴρηται ὅτι καὶ πεντακισχιλίων σταδίων ἐστίν· ἀλλʼ εἰκὸς εἶναί τινα σύννευσιν ἐκ τῆς παραλλήλου θέσεως τῷ ποταμῷ πρὸς τὸ ὄρος, ἀμφοτέρωθεν ἐπιστροφῆς τινος γινομένης κατὰ τὰς πρὸς τὸν ὠκεανὸν ἐσχατιάς.
This, indeed, is the shortest distance from the Pyrenees to the Rhine, since the greatest distance has been said to be as much as five thousand stadia; but it is likely that there is some convergence from their parallel position of the river towards the mountain, since on both sides a certain curving takes place at the extremities towards the ocean.
§4.5.2τέτταρα δʼ ἐστὶ διάρματα, οἷς χρῶνται συνήθως ἐπὶ τὴν νῆσον ἐκ τῆς ἠπείρου, τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ἐκβολῶν τῶν ποταμῶν, τοῦ τε Ῥήνου καὶ τοῦ Σηκοάνα καὶ τοῦ Λίγηρος καὶ τοῦ Γαρούνα.
There are four passages which are commonly used from the continent to the island, namely, those from the mouths of the rivers, the Rhine, the Sequana, the Liger, and the Garumna.
τοῖς δʼ ἀπὸ τῶν περὶ τὸν Ῥῆνον τόπων ἀναγομένοις οὐκ ἀπʼ αὐτῶν τῶν ἐκβολῶν ὁ πλοῦς ἐστιν, ἀλλὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ὁμορούντων τοῖς Μεναπίοις Μορίνων, παρʼ οἷς ἐστὶ καὶ τὸ Ἴτιον, ᾧ ἐχρήσατο ναυστάθμῳ Καῖσαρ ὁ θεός, διαίρων εἰς τὴν νῆσον· νύκτωρ δʼ ἀνήχθη, καὶ τῇ ὑστεραίᾳ κατῆρε περὶ τετάρτην ὥραν τριακοσίους καὶ εἴκοσι σταδίους τοῦ διάπλου τελέσας· κατέλαβε δʼ ἐν ἀρούραις τὸν σῖτον.
For those who set sail from the regions about the Rhine, the voyage is not from the outlets themselves, but from the territory of the Morini, who border on the Menapii, where is also Itium, which the deified Caesar used as a naval station when crossing over to the island; he set sail by night, and on the next day landed about the fourth hour, having completed three hundred and twenty stadia of the passage; and he found the corn in the fields.
ἔστι δʼ ἡ πλείστη τῆς νήσου πεδιὰς καὶ κατάδρυμος, πολλὰ δὲ καὶ γεώλοφα τῶν χωρίων ἐστί, φέρει δὲ σῖτον καὶ βοσκήματα καὶ χρυσὸν καὶ ἄργυρον καὶ σίδηρον·
Most of the island is flat and overgrown with forests, but many parts of the country are hilly; and it produces corn, cattle, gold, silver, and iron.
ταῦτά δὴ κομίζεται ἐξ αὐτῆς καὶ δέρματα καὶ ἀνδράποδα καὶ κύνες εὐφυεῖς πρὸς τὰς κυνηγεσίας· Κελτοὶ δὲ καὶ πρὸς τοὺς πολέμους χρῶνται καὶ τούτοις καὶ τοῖς ἐπιχωρίοις.
These things, indeed, are exported from it, as well as hides, slaves, and dogs sagacious in the chase; and the Celts use these dogs both for war and for their native hunting.
οἱ δὲ ἄνδρες εὐμηκέστεροι τῶν Κελτῶν εἰσι καὶ ἧσσον ξανθότριχες, χαυνότεροι δὲ τοῖς σώμασι.
The men are taller than the Celts and less yellow-haired, but looser in their build.
σημεῖον δὲ τοῦ μεγέθους· ἀντίπαιδας γὰρ εἴδομεν ἡμεῖς ἐν Ῥώμῃ τῶν ὑψηλοτάτων αὐτόθι ὑπερέχοντας καὶ ἡμιποδίῳ, βλαισοὺς δὲ καὶ τἆλλα οὐκ εὐγράμμους τῇ συστάσει.
As a proof of their height, we ourselves saw in Rome young men who stood as much as half a foot taller than the tallest men there, but they were bandy-legged and in other respects not well-formed in their build.
τὰ δʼ ἔθη τὰ μὲν ὅμοια τοῖς Κελτοῖς τὰ δʼ ἁπλούστερα καὶ βαρβαρώτερα, ὥστʼ ἐνίους γάλακτος εὐποροῦντας μὴ τυροποιεῖν διὰ τὴν ἀπειρίαν, ἀπείρους δʼ εἶναι καὶ κηπείας καὶ ἄλλων γεωργικῶν.
Their customs are in part similar to those of the Celts, but in part simpler and more barbarian, so that some of them, though having plenty of milk, do not make cheese because of their lack of knowledge, and they are also inexperienced in gardening and other agricultural pursuits.
δυναστεῖαι δʼ εἰσὶ παρʼ αὐτοῖς.
There are several principalities among them.
πρὸς δὲ τοὺς πολέμους ἀπήναις χρῶνται τὸ πλέον, καθάπερ καὶ τῶν Κελτῶν ἔνιοι.
For their wars they use chariots for the most part, just as some of the Celts do.
πόλεις δʼ αὐτῶν εἰσιν οἱ δρυμοί· περιφράξαντες γὰρ δένδρεσι καταβεβλημένοις εὐρυχωρῆ κύκλον ἐνταῦθα καὶ αὐτοὶ καλυβοποιοῦνται καὶ τὰ βοσκήματα κατασταθμεύουσιν οὐ πρὸς πολὺν χρόνον.
Their cities are the forests; for having fenced in a spacious circle with felled trees, they build huts there for themselves and stall their cattle, though not for a long time.
ἔπομβροι δʼ εἰσὶν οἱ ἀέρες μᾶλλον ἢ νιφετώδεις· ἐν δὲ ταῖς αἰθρίαις ὁμίχλη κατέχει πολὺν χρόνον, ὥστε διʼ ἡμέρας ὅλης ἐπὶ τρεῖς μόνον ἢ τέτταρας ὥρας τὰς περὶ τὴν μεσημβρίαν ὁρᾶσθαι τὸν ἥλιον.
The atmosphere is rainy rather than snowy; and on clear days fog holds for a long time, so that through the whole day the sun is seen only for three or four hours about midday.
τοῦτο δὲ κἀν τοῖς Μορίνοις συμβαίνει καὶ τοῖς Μεναπίοις καὶ ὅσοι τούτων πλησιόχωροι.
This also happens among the Morini and the Menapii and all who are their neighbors.