§3.5.5περὶ δὲ τῆς κτίσεως τῶν Γαδείρων τοιαῦτα λέγοντες μέμνηνται Γαδιτανοὶ χρησμοῦ τινος, ὃν γενέσθαι φασὶ Τυρίοις κελεύοντα ἐπὶ τὰς Ἡρακλέους στήλας ἀποικίαν πέμψαι·
Concerning the founding of Gadeira, the Gadeirans mention a certain oracle in their accounts, which they say was delivered to the Tyrians, commanding them to send a colony to the Pillars of Heracles.
τοὺς δὲ πεμφθέντας κατασκοπῆς χάριν, ἐπειδὴ κατὰ τὸν πορθμὸν ἐγένοντο τὸν κατὰ τὴν Κάλπην, νομίσαντας τέρμονας εἶναι τῆς οἰκουμένης καὶ τῆς Ἡρακλέους στρατείας τὰ ἄκρα ποιοῦντα τὸν πορθμόν, ταῦτα δʼ αὐτὰ καὶ στήλας ὀνομάζειν τὸ λόγιον, κατασχεῖν εἴς τι χωρίον ἐντὸς τῶν στενῶν, ἐν ᾧ νῦν ἔστιν ἡ τῶν Ἐξιτανῶν πόλις·
Those sent for the sake of exploration, when they reached the strait near Calpe, thought that the capes forming the strait were the boundaries of the inhabited world and of Heracles' expedition, and believing that the oracle called these very capes the 'Pillars', they put in at a certain place inside the narrows, where now stands the city of the Exitanians.
ἐνταῦθα δὲ θύσαντας μὴ γενομένων καλῶν τῶν ἱερείων ἀνακάμψαι πάλιν.
Having offered sacrifice there, since the victims did not yield favorable omens, they returned back.
χρόνῳ δʼ ὕστερον τοὺς πεμφθέντας προελθεῖν ἔξω τοῦ πορθμοῦ περὶ χιλίους καὶ πεντακοσίους σταδίους εἰς νῆσον Ἡρακλέους ἱερὰν κειμένην κατὰ πόλιν Ὀνόβαν τῆς Ἰβηρίας, καὶ νομίσαντας ἐνταῦθα εἶναι τὰς στήλας θῦσαι τῷ θεῷ, μὴ γενομένων δὲ πάλιν καλῶν τῶν ἱερείων ἐπανελθεῖν οἴκαδε.
Sometime later, those sent went out beyond the strait about fifteen hundred stadia to a sacred island of Heracles situated opposite the city of Onoba in Iberia, and thinking that the pillars were here, they sacrificed to the god; but as the victims again did not yield favorable omens, they returned home.
τῷ δὲ τρίτῳ στόλῳ τοὺς ἀφικομένους Γάδειρα κτίσαι καὶ ἱδρύσασθαι τὸ ἱερὸν ἐπὶ τοῖς ἑῴοις τῆς νήσου, τὴν δὲ πόλιν ἐπὶ τοῖς ἑσπερίοις.
On the third expedition, those who arrived founded Gadeira, and established the temple on the eastern parts of the island, and the city on the western parts.
διὰ δὲ τοῦτο τοὺς μὲν δοκεῖν τὰ ἄκρα τοῦ πορθμοῦ τὰς στήλας εἶναι, τοὺς δὲ τὰ Γάδειρα, τοὺς δʼ ἔτι πορρώτερον τῶν Γαδείρων ἔξω προκεῖσθαι.
For this reason, some think that the capes of the strait are the pillars, others Gadeira, and others that they lie projected even further outside Gadeira.
ἔνιοι δὲ στήλας ὑπέλαβον τὴν Κάλπην καὶ τὴν Ἀβίλυκα, τὸ ἀντικείμενον ὄρος ἐκ τῆς Λιβύης, ὅ φησιν Ἐρατοσθένης ἐν τῷ Μεταγωνίῳ νομαδικῷ ἔθνει ἱδρῦσθαι· οἱ δὲ τὰς πλησίον ἑκατέρου νησῖδας, ὧν τὴν ἑτέραν Ἥρας νῆσον ὀνομάζουσιν.
Some assumed the pillars to be Calpe and Abilyx, the opposing mountain in Libya, which Eratosthenes says is situated in the territory of the Metagonion, a nomadic tribe; others assumed the small islands near each of them, of which they call one the Island of Hera.
Ἀρτεμίδωρος δὲ τὴν μὲν τῆς Ἥρας νῆσον καὶ ἱερὸν λέγει αὐτῆς, ἄλλην δέ φησιν εἶναί τινα, οὐδʼ Ἀβίλυκα ὄρος οὐδὲ Μεταγώνιον ἔθνος.
Artemidorus mentions the Island of Hera and her temple, but says there is another island, and that there is neither an Abilyx mountain nor a Metagonion tribe.
καὶ τὰς Πλαγκτὰς καὶ τὰς Συμπληγάδας ἐνθάδε μεταφέρουσί τινες, ταύτας εἶναι νομίζοντες στήλας, ἃς Πίνδαρος καλεῖ πύλας Γαδειρίδας, εἰς ταύτας ὑστάτας ἀφῖχθαι φάσκων τὸν Ἡρακλέα.
Some also transfer the Planctae and the Symplegades here, believing them to be the pillars, which Pindar calls the Gadeiran Gates, saying that Heracles reached these last of all.
καὶ Δικαίαρχος δὲ καὶ Ἐρατοσθένης καὶ Πολύβιος καὶ οἱ πλεῖστοι τῶν Ἑλλήνων περὶ τὸν πορθμὸν ἀποφαίνουσι τὰς στήλας.
Dicaearchus, Eratosthenes, Polybius, and most of the Greeks locate the pillars near the strait.
οἱ δὲ Ἴβηρες καὶ Λίβυες ἐν Γαδείροις εἶναι φασίν· οὐδὲν γὰρ ἐοικέναι στήλαις τὰ περὶ τὸν πορθμόν.
But the Iberians and Libyans say they are in Gadeira, for they say the things around the strait in no way resemble pillars.
οἱ δὲ τὰς ἐν τῷ Ἡρακλείῳ τῷ ἐν Γαδείροις χαλκᾶς ὀκταπήχεις, ἐν αἷς ἀναγέγραπται τὸ ἀνάλωμα τῆς κατασκευῆς τοῦ ἱεροῦ, ταύτας λέγεσθαί φασιν· ἐφʼ ἃς ἐρχόμενοι οἱ τελέσαντες τὸν πλοῦν καὶ θύοντες τῷ Ἡρακλεῖ διαβοηθῆναι παρεσκεύασαν, ὡς τοῦτʼ εἶναι καὶ γῆς καὶ θαλάττης τὸ πέρας.
Others say that the bronze pillars of eight cubits in the temple of Heracles in Gadeira, on which the cost of the construction of the temple is inscribed, are those spoken of; and those who had completed their voyage, coming to these and sacrificing to Heracles, caused it to be widely rumored that this was the end of both land and sea.
τοῦτον δʼ εἶναι πιθανώτατον καὶ Ποσειδώνιος ἡγεῖται τὸν λόγον, τὸν δὲ χρησμὸν καὶ τοὺς πολλοὺς ἀποστόλους ψεῦσμα Φοινικικόν.
Posidonius also deems this account the most plausible, and the oracle and the many expeditions a Phoenician falsehood.
περὶ μὲν οὖν τῶν ἀποστόλων τί ἄν τις διισχυρίσαιτο πρὸς ἔλεγχον ἢ πίστιν, οὐδετέρως παράλογον;
Now, concerning the expeditions, what could one assert either for refutation or belief, since neither view is unreasonable?
τὸ δὲ τὰς νησῖδας ἢ τὰ ὄρη μὴ φάσκειν ἐοικέναι στήλαις, ἀλλὰ ζητεῖν ἐπὶ τῶν κυρίως λεγομένων στηλῶν τοὺς τῆς οἰκουμένης ὅρους ἢ τῆς στρατείας τῆς Ἡρακλέους ἔχει μέν τινα νοῦν·
Yet, on the one hand, to deny that the islands or the mountains resemble pillars, and on the other hand, to seek the boundaries of the inhabited world or of Heracles' expedition at the pillars properly so called, does have some reason.
ἔθος γὰρ παλαιὸν ὑπῆρχε τὸ τίθεσθαι τοιούτους ὅρους, καθάπερ οἱ Ῥηγῖνοι τὴν στυλίδα ἔθεσαν τὴν ἐπὶ τῷ πορθμῷ κειμένην, πυργίον τι, καὶ ὁ τοῦ Πελώρου λεγόμενος πύργος ἀντίκειται ταύτῃ τῇ στυλίδι· καὶ οἱ Φιλαίνων λεγόμενοι βωμοὶ κατὰ μέσην που τὴν μεταξὺ τῶν σύρτεων γῆν· καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἰσθμῷ τῷ Κορινθιακῷ μνημονεύεται στήλη τις ἱδρυμένη πρότερον, ἣν ἔστησαν κοινῇ οἱ τὴν Ἀττικὴν σὺν τῇ Μεγαρίδι κατασχόντες Ἴωνες ἐξελαθέντες ἐκ τῆς Πελοποννήσου καὶ οἱ κατασχόντες τὴν Πελοπόννησον, ἐπιγράψαντες ἐπὶ μὲν τοῦ πρὸς τῇ Μεγαρίδι μέρους
τάδʼ οὐχὶ Πελοπόννησος ἀλλʼ Ἰωνία,
ἐκ δὲ θατέρου
τάδʼ ἐστὶ Πελοπόννησος οὐκ Ἰωνία. Ἀλέξανδρος δὲ τῆς Ἰνδικῆς στρατείας ὅρια βωμοὺς ἔθετο ἐν τοῖς τόποις εἰς οὓς ὑστάτους ἀφίκετο τῶν πρὸς ταῖς ἀνατολαῖς Ἰνδῶν, μιμούμενος τὸν Ἡρακλέα καὶ τὸν Διόνυσον.
For it was an ancient custom to set up such boundaries, just as the Rhegians set up the little pillar situated on the strait, a sort of tower, and the so-called tower of Pelorus stands opposite this little pillar; and the so-called Altars of the Philaeni are situated somewhere about the middle of the land between the Syrtes; and on the Isthmus of Corinth, a certain pillar is mentioned as having been set up formerly, which the Ions, who had occupied Attica along with Megaris after being expelled from the Peloponnese, and those who occupied the Peloponnese, erected in common, inscribing on the side facing Megaris: 'This is not Peloponnese, but Ionia,' and on the other side: 'This is Peloponnese, not Ionia.' And Alexander, as the limits of his Indian campaign, set up altars in the places he reached last among the Indians towards the east, imitating Heracles and Dionysus.
ἦν μὲν δὴ τὸ ἔθος τοῦτο.
Indeed, this custom existed.