§3.4.19τινὲς μὲν οὖν εἰς τέτταρα μέρη διῃρῆσθαί φασι τὴν χώραν ταύτην, καθάπερ εἴπομεν, ἄλλοι δὲ πενταμερῆ λέγουσιν.
Some, therefore, say that this country is divided into four parts, as we have said, while others say into five parts.
οὐκ ἔστι δὲ τἀκριβὲς ἐν τούτοις ἀποδιδόναι διὰ τὰς μεταβολὰς καὶ τὴν ἀδοξίαν τῶν τόπων.
But it is not possible to give an accurate account in these matters because of the changes and the obscurity of the places.
ἐν γὰρ τοῖς γνωρίμοις καὶ ἐνδόξοις αἵ τε μεταναστάσεις γνώριμοι καὶ οἱ μερισμοὶ τῆς χώρας καὶ αἱ μεταβολαὶ τῶν ὀνομάτων καὶ εἴ τι ἄλλο παραπλήσιον· θρυλεῖται γὰρ ὑπὸ πολλῶν καὶ μάλιστα τῶν Ἑλλήνων.
For in the case of well-known and famous places, the migrations, the divisions of the country, the changes of names, and any other similar things are well known; for they are talked of by many, and especially by the Greeks.
ὅσα δὲ καὶ βάρβαρα καὶ ἐκτετοπισμένα καὶ μικρόχωρα καὶ διεσπασμένα, τούτων ὑπομνήματα οὔτʼ ἀσφαλῆ ἐστιν οὔτε πολλά· ὅσα δὲ δὴ πόρρω τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἐπιτείνει τὴν ἄγνοιαν.
But of those places that are barbarous, remote, small in territory, and divided, the records are neither reliable nor numerous; and all those that are far from the Greeks increase our ignorance.
οἱ δὲ τῶν Ῥωμαίων συγγραφεῖς μιμοῦνται μὲν τοὺς Ἕλληνας, ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἐπὶ πολύ· καὶ γὰρ ἃ λέγουσι παρὰ τῶν Ἑλλήνων μεταφέρουσιν, ἐξ ἑαυτῶν δʼ οὐ πολὺ μὲν προσφέρονται τὸ φιλείδημον ὥσθʼ, ὁπόταν ἔλλειψις γένηται παρʼ ἐκείνων, οὐκ ἔστι πολὺ τὸ ἀναπληρούμενον ὑπὸ τῶν ἑτέρων, ἄλλως τε καὶ τῶν ὀνομάτων, ὅσα ἐνδοξότατα, τῶν πλείστων ὄντων Ἑλληνικῶν·
And the Roman writers imitate the Greeks, but not to a great extent; for what they say they transfer from the Greeks, but from themselves they do not contribute much love of knowledge, so that whenever there is a deficiency on the part of the Greeks, there is not much to be supplied by the other writers, especially as most of the names that are most famous are Greek.
ἐπεὶ καὶ Ἰβηρίαν ὑπὸ μὲν τῶν προτέρων καλεῖσθαι πᾶσαν τὴν ἔξω τοῦ Ῥοδανοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἰσθμοῦ τοῦ ὑπὸ τῶν Γαλατικῶν κόλπων σφιγγομένου, οἱ δὲ νῦν ὅριον αὐτῆς τίθενται τὴν Πυρήνην, συνωνύμως τε τὴν αὐτὴν Ἰβηρίαν λέγουσι καὶ Ἱσπανίαν· μόνην ἐκάλουν τὴν ἐντὸς τοῦ Ἴβηρος· οἱ δʼ ἔτι πρότερον αὐτοὺς τούτους Ἰγλῆτας, οὐ πολλὴν χώραν νεμομένους, ὥς φησιν Ἀσκληπιάδης ὁ Μυρλεανός.
For indeed, in the first place, Iberia was called by the earlier writers the whole country outside the Rhodanus and the isthmus that is hemmed in by the Galatic gulfs, whereas those of today set the Pyrenees as its boundary, and use "Iberia" and "Hispania" synonymously for the same country; though formerly they called only the portion on this side of the Iberus by that name; and those still earlier called these same people "Igletes," who occupied no great extent of territory, as Asclepiades of Myrlea says.
Ῥωμαῖοι δὲ τὴν σύμπασαν καλέσαντες συνωνύμως Ἰβηρίαν τε καὶ Ἱσπανίαν τὸ μὲν αὐτῆς μέρος εἶπον τὴν ἐκτὸς τὸ δὲ ἕτερον τὴν ἐντός· ἄλλοτε δʼ ἄλλως διαιροῦσι πρὸς τοὺς καιροὺς πολιτευόμενοι.
And the Romans, having called the whole country synonymously both "Iberia" and "Hispania," called one part of it "the Outer" and the other "the Inner"; but at different times they divide it differently, managing it according to the circumstances of the times.
§3.4.20νυνὶ δὲ τῶν ἐπαρχιῶν τῶν μὲν ἀποδειχθεισῶν τῷ δήμῳ τε καὶ τῇ συγκλήτῳ τῶν δὲ τῷ ἡγεμόνι τῶν Ῥωμαίων, ἡ μὲν Βαιτικὴ πρόσκειται τῷ δήμῳ, καὶ πέμπεται στρατηγὸς ἐπʼ αὐτὴν ἔχων ταμίαν τε καὶ πρεσβευτήν· ὅριον δʼ αὐτῆς τεθείκασι πρὸς ἠῶ πλησίον Καστλῶνος.
At the present time, of the provinces, some having been assigned to the people and the senate, and others to the ruler of the Romans, Baetica belongs to the people, and a praetor is sent to it, having with him a quaestor and a legate; and they have set its boundary towards the east near Castulo.
ἡ δὲ λοιπὴ Καίσαρός ἐστι· πέμπονται δʼ ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ δύο πρεσβευταί, στρατηγικός τε καὶ ὑπατικός, ὁ μὲν στρατηγικὸς ἔχων σὺν αὑτῷ πρεσβευτήν, δικαιοδοτήσων Λυσιτανοῖς τοῖς παρακειμένοις τῇ Βαιτικῇ καὶ διατείνουσι μέχρι τοῦ Δουρίου ποταμοῦ καὶ τῶν ἐκβολῶν αὐτοῦ· καλοῦσι γὰρ οὕτω τὴν χώραν ταύτην ἰδίως ἐν τῷ παρόντι.
The rest belongs to Caesar; and two legates are sent by him, one of praetorian and the other of consular rank; the praetorian legate, having with him a legate of his own, is to administer justice to the Lusitanians, who live next to Baetica and extend as far as the river Durius and its mouth; for they call this country particularly by this name at present.
ἐνταῦθα δʼ ἔστι καὶ ἡ Αὐγοῦστα Ἠμερίτα.
And here is also Augusta Emerita.
ἡ λοιπὴ (αὕτη δʼ ἐστὶν ἡ πλείστη τῆς Ἰβηρίας) ὑπὸ τῷ ὑπατικῷ ἡγεμόνι στρατιάν τε ἔχοντι ἀξιόλογον τριῶν που ταγμάτων καὶ πρεσβευτὰς τρεῖς, ὧν ὁ μὲν δύο ἔχων τάγματα παραφρουρεῖ τὴν πέραν τοῦ Δουρίου πᾶσαν ἐπὶ τὰς ἄρκτους, ἣν οἱ μὲν πρότερον Λυσιτανοὺς ἔλεγον οἱ δὲ νῦν Καλλαϊκοὺς καλοῦσι· συνάπτει δὲ τούτοις τὰ προσάρκτια μέρη μετὰ τῶν Ἀστύρων καὶ τῶν Καντάβρων.
The remainder (and this is the largest part of Iberia) is under the consular governor, who has a considerable army of about three legions and three legates, of whom one, with two legions, guards the whole country beyond the Durius to the north, which the earlier writers called Lusitania, but those of today call Callaicia; and adjacent to this are the northern parts along with the Astures and the Cantabrians.
ῥεῖ δὲ διὰ τῶν Ἀστύρων Μέλσος ποταμός, καὶ μικρὸν ἀπωτέρω πόλις Νοῖγα, καὶ πλησίον ἐκ τοῦ ὠκεανοῦ ἀνάχυσις ὁρίζουσα τοὺς Ἄστυρας ἀπὸ τῶν Καντάβρων·
And the river Melsus flows through the territory of the Astures, and a little further on is the city Noega, and near it an estuary from the ocean, which boundary separates the Astures from the Cantabrians.
τὴν δʼ ἑξῆς παρόρειον μέχρι Πυρήνης ὁ δεύτερος τῶν πρεσβευτῶν μετὰ τοῦ ἑτέρου τάγματος ἐπισκοπεῖ.
The next mountainous region, extending as far as the Pyrenees, is overseen by the second of the legates with the other legion.
ὁ δὲ τρίτος τὴν μεσόγαιαν, συνέχει δὲ τὰ τῶν ἤδη λεγομένων ὡς ἂν εἰρηνικῶν καὶ εἰς τὸ ἥμερον καὶ τὸν Ἰταλικὸν τύπον μετακειμένων ἐν τῇ τηβεννικῇ ἐσθῆτι.
And the third oversees the interior, and holds together the territories of those who are already spoken of as peaceful, and who have been transformed to civilized life and the Italian type of living in the toga garment.
οὗτοι δʼ εἰσὶν οἱ Κελτίβηρες καὶ οἱ τοῦ Ἴβηρος πλησίον ἑκατέρωθεν οἰκοῦντες μέχρι τῶν πρὸς θαλάττῃ μερῶν.
These are the Celtiberians and those who live near the Iberus on both sides, as far as the coastal regions.
αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ ἡγεμὼν διαχειμάζει μὲν ἐν τοῖς ἐπιθαλαττιαίοις μέρεσι καὶ μάλιστα τῇ Καρχηδόνι καὶ τῇ Ταρράκωνι δικαιοδοτῶν, θέρους δὲ περίεισιν ἐφορῶν ἀεί τινα τῶν δεομένων ἐπανορθώσεως.
The governor himself passes the winter in the maritime regions, and especially in Carthago and Tarraco, administering justice, and in summer he goes on circuit, inspecting always some of those places that require correction.
εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ ἐπίτροποι τοῦ Καίσαρος, ἱππικοὶ ἄνδρες, οἱ διανέμοντες τὰ χρήματα τοῖς στρατιώταις εἰς τὴν διοίκησιν τοῦ βίου.
There are also procurators of Caesar, men of equestrian rank, who distribute the money to the soldiers for the maintenance of their lives.