§3.2.1τῆς δʼ οὖν ἐντὸς τοῦ Ἄνα παραλίας ὑπερκεῖσθαι συμβαίνει τὴν Τουρδητανίαν, ἣν ὁ Βαῖτις διαρρεῖ ποταμός.
At any rate, Turdetania lies above the coast on the inner side of the Anas, and the Baetis river flows through it.
ἀφορίζει δὲ αὐτὴν πρὸς μὲν τὴν ἑσπέραν καὶ ἄρκτον ὁ Ἄνας ποταμός, πρὸς δὲ τὴν ἕω Καρπητανῶν τέ τινες καὶ Ὠρητανοί, πρὸς νότον δὲ Βαστητανῶν οἱ μεταξὺ τῆς Κάλπης καὶ τῶν Γαδείρων στενὴν νεμόμενοι παραλίαν, καὶ ἡ ἑξῆς θάλαττα μέχρι Ἄνα.
And the Anas river delimits it on the west and north, and on the east some of the Carpetanians and the Oretanians, and on the south those of the Bastetanians who inhabit the narrow coast between Calpe and Gadeira, and the sea next to it as far as the Anas.
καὶ οἱ Βαστητανοὶ δὲ οὓς εἶπον τῇ Τουρδητανίᾳ πρόσκεινται καὶ οἱ ἔξω τοῦ Ἄνα καὶ οἱ πολλοὶ τῶν προσχώρων.
And the Bastetanians whom I mentioned are adjacent to Turdetania, as are those outside the Anas and most of the neighbors.
μέγεθος δʼ οὐ πλεῖόν ἐστι τῆς χώρας ταύτης ἐπὶ μῆκος καὶ πλάτος ἢ δισχίλιοι στάδιοι.
The size of this country is not more than two thousand stadia in length and breadth.
πόλεις δʼ ὑπερβάλλουσαι τὸ πλῆθος· καὶ γὰρ διακοσίας φασί· γνωριμώταται δὲ αἱ ἐπὶ τοῖς ποταμοῖς ἱδρυμέναι καὶ ταῖς ἀναχύσεσι καὶ τῇ θαλάττῃ διὰ τὰς χρείας.
The cities are exceedingly numerous; for they say there are two hundred; and the most famous are those situated on the rivers, the estuaries, and the sea because of their utility.
πλεῖστον δʼ ἥ τε Κόρδυβα ηὔξηται, Μαρκέλλου κτίσμα, καὶ δόξῃ καὶ δυνάμει καὶ ἡ τῶν Γαδιτανῶν πόλις, ἡ μὲν διὰ τὰς ναυτιλίας καὶ διὰ τὸ προσθέσθαι Ῥωμαίοις κατὰ συμμαχίας, ἡ δὲ χώρας ἀρετῇ καὶ μεγέθει, προσλαμβάνοντος καὶ τοῦ ποταμοῦ Βαίτιος μέγα μέρος· ᾤκησάν τε ἐξ ἀρχῆς Ῥωμαίων τε καὶ τῶν ἐπιχωρίων ἄνδρες ἐπίλεκτοι· καὶ δὴ καὶ πρώτην ἀποικίαν ταύτην εἰς τούσδε τοὺς τόπους ἔστειλαν Ῥωμαῖοι.
And Corduba, founded by Marcellus, has increased most of all in reputation and power, as has the city of the Gaditanians; the one because of its navigation and its having joined the Romans in alliance, the other because of the fertility and size of its territory, the river Baetis also contributing a large part; and from the beginning select men of both the Romans and the natives inhabited it; and indeed the Romans sent this as their first colony to these regions.
μετὰ δὲ ταύτην καὶ τὴν τῶν Γαδιτανῶν ἡ μὲν Ἵσπαλις ἐπιφανής, καὶ αὐτὴ ἄποικος Ῥωμαίων· νυνὶ δὲ τὸ μὲν ἐμπόριον συμμένει, τῇ τιμῇ δὲ καὶ τῷ ἐποικῆσαι νεωστὶ τοὺς Καίσαρος στρατιώτας ἡ Βαῖτις ὑπερέχει καίπερ οὐ συνοικουμένη λαμπρῶς.
Next to this and that of the Gaditanians, Hispalis is famous, itself also a colony of the Romans; but now, although its trading-station remains, Baetis surpasses it in honor and in having recently had the soldiers of Caesar resettle there, although it is not brilliantly inhabited.
§3.2.2μετὰ δὲ ταύτας Ἰτάλικα καὶ Ἴλιπα ἐπὶ τῷ Βαίτι, Ἄστιγις δʼ ἀπωτέρω καὶ Κάρμων καὶ Ὀβούλκων, ἔτι δὲ ἐν αἷς οἱ Πομπηίου παῖδες κατεπολεμήθησαν, Μοῦνδα καὶ Ἀτέγουα καὶ Οὔρσων καὶ Τοῦκκις καὶ Οὐλία καὶ Αἴγουα· ἅπασαι δʼ αὗται Κορδύβης οὐκ ἄπωθεν.
After these are Italica and Ilipa on the Baetis, and Astigis further off, and Carmon and Obulcon, and besides, those in which the sons of Pompey were defeated, Munda, Ategua, Urso, Tuccis, Ulia, and Aegua; all these are not far from Corduba.
τρόπον δέ τινα μητρόπολις κατέστη τοῦ τόπου τούτου Μοῦνδα· διέχει δὲ Καρτηίας ἡ Μοῦνδα σταδίους * χιλίους καὶ τετρακοσίους, εἰς ἣν ἔφυγεν ἡττηθεὶς ὁ Γναῖος, εἶτʼ ἐκπλεύσας ἔνθεν καὶ ἐκβὰς εἴς τινα ὑπερκειμένην θαλάττης ὀρεινὴν διεφθάρη.
In a certain way, Munda was established as the chief city of this region; and Munda is distant from Carteia * one thousand four hundred stadia, to which Gnaeus fled after his defeat, and then, sailing away from there and landing at a certain mountainous place above the sea, was destroyed.
ὁ δʼ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ Σέξτος ἐκ Κορδύβης σωθεὶς καὶ μικρὸν ἐν τοῖς Ἴβηρσι πολεμήσας χρόνον ὕστερον Σικελίαν ἀπέστησεν, εἶτʼ ἐκπεσὼν ἐνθένδε εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν ἁλοὺς ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀντωνίου στρατηγῶν ἐν Μιδαείῳ κατέστρεψε τὸν βίον.
His brother Sextus, escaping from Corduba and having waged war among the Iberians for a short time, later made Sicily revolt, and then, being driven out from there to Asia and captured by the generals of Antony, ended his life in Midaeium.
ἐν δὲ τοῖς Κελτικοῖς Κονίστοργίς ἐστι γνωριμωτάτη· ἐπὶ δὲ ταῖς ἀναχύσεσιν ἡ Ἄστα, εἰς ἣν οἱ Γαδιτανοὶ συνίασι μάλιστα, ὑπερκειμένην τοῦ ἐπινείου τῆς νήσου σταδίους οὐ πολὺ πλείους τῶν ἑκατόν.
In the Celtic territory, Conistorgis is the most famous; and on the estuaries is Asta, where the Gaditanians gather most of all, situated above the port of the island not much more than one hundred stadia.
§3.2.3παροικεῖται δὲ ὑπὸ πλείστων ὁ Βαῖτις καὶ ἀναπλεῖται σχεδόν τι ἐπὶ χιλίους καὶ διακοσίους σταδίους ἐκ θαλάττης μέχρι Κορδύβης καὶ τῶν μικρὸν ἐπάνω τόπων.
The Baetis is inhabited along its banks by very many people, and is sailed up for nearly one thousand two hundred stadia from the sea as far as Corduba and the places a little above it.
καὶ δὴ καὶ ἐξείργασται περιττῶς ἥ τε παραποταμία καὶ τὰ ἐν τῷ ποταμῷ νησίδια.
And indeed, both the riverbank and the small islands in the river are extraordinarily well cultivated.
πρόσεστι δὲ καὶ τὸ τῆς ὄψεως τερπνόν, ἄλσεσι καὶ ταῖς ἄλλαις φυτουργίαις ἐκπεπονημένων τῶν χωρίων.
In addition, there is also the pleasure of the sight, the places being elaborately adorned with groves and other plantings.
μέχρι μὲν οὖν Ἱσπάλιος ὁλκάσιν ἀξιολόγοις ὁ ἀνάπλους ἐστὶν ἐπὶ σταδίους οὐ πολὺ λείποντας τῶν πεντακοσίων, ἐπὶ δὲ τὰς ἄνω πόλεις μέχρι Ἰλίπας ταῖς ἐλάττοσι, μέχρι δὲ Κορδύβης τοῖς ποταμίοις σκάφεσι, πηκτοῖς μὲν τὰ νῦν τὸ παλαιὸν δὲ καὶ μονοξύλοις· τὸ δʼ ἄνω τὸ ἐπὶ Καστλῶνος οὐκ ἔστι πλόιμον·
Now, as far as Hispalis, the voyage up is possible for merchant vessels of considerable size for a distance not much short of five hundred stadia, and to the cities further up as far as Ilipa with smaller vessels, and as far as Corduba with river boats, which are now built of planks but in ancient times were even monoxyla (canoes made of a single trunk); but the upper part as far as Castulo is not navigable.
παράλληλοι δέ τινες ῥάχεις ὀρῶν παρατείνουσι τῷ ποταμῷ μᾶλλόν τε καὶ ἧττον αὐτῷ συνάπτουσαι πρὸς βορρᾶν, μετάλλων πλήρεις.
And certain parallel ridges of mountains extend along the river, joining it more or less on the north, full of mines.
πλεῖστος δʼ ἐστὶν ἄργυρος ἐν τοῖς κατὰ Ἴλιπαν τόποις καὶ τοῖς κατὰ Σισάπωνα τόν τε παλαιὸν λεγόμενον καὶ τὸν νέον· κατὰ δὲ τὰς Κωτίνας λεγομένας χαλκός τε ἅμα γεννᾶται καὶ χρυσός.
Silver is most abundant in the places around Ilipa and in those around Sisapo, both the so-called Old and New; and at the place called Cotinae, copper and gold are produced together.
ἐν ἀριστερᾷ μὲν οὖν ἐστι τοῖς ἀναπλέουσι τὰ ὄρη ταῦτα, ἐν δεξιᾷ δὲ πεδίον μέγα καὶ ὑψηλὸν καὶ εὔκαρπον καὶ μεγαλόδενδρον καὶ εὔβοτον.
Therefore, these mountains are on the left for those sailing up, and on the right is a great, high, fertile plain, with large trees and rich pastures.
ἔχει δὲ καὶ ὁ Ἄνας ἀνάπλουν, οὔτε δὲ τηλικούτοις σκάφεσιν οὔτʼ ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον.
The Anas also has a voyage up, but neither with such large boats nor for so great a distance.
ὑπέρκειται δὲ καὶ αὐτοῦ μεταλλείας ἔχοντα ὄρη, καθήκει δὲ ταῦτα πρὸς τὸν Τάγον.
Above it also lie mountains containing mines, and these extend down toward the Tagus.
τὰ μὲν οὖν τὰς μεταλλείας ἔχοντα χωρία ἀνάγκη τραχέα τε εἶναι καὶ παράλυπρα, οἷάπερ καὶ τὰ τῇ Καρπητανίᾳ συνάπτοντα καὶ ἔτι μᾶλλον τοῖς Κελτίβηρσι.
Now the places containing mines must necessarily be rugged and sterile, such as those joining Carpetania and still more those of the Celtiberians.
τοιαύτη δὲ καὶ ἡ Βαιτουρία ξηρὰ ἔχουσα πεδία τὰ παρήκοντα τῷ Ἄνᾳ.
Such also is Baeturia, having dry plains which extend along the Anas.