§2.5.7τούτοις δὲ συνῳδά πώς ἐστι καὶ τὰ ὑπὸ Ἱππάρχου λεγόμενα· φησὶ γὰρ ἐκεῖνος, ὑποθέμενος τὸ μέγεθος τῆς γῆς ὅπερ εἶπεν Ἐρατοσθένης, ἐντεῦθεν δεῖν ποιεῖσθαι τὴν τῆς οἰκουμένης ἀφαίρεσιν· οὐ γὰρ πολὺ διοίσειν πρὸς τὰ φαινόμενα τῶν οὐρανίων καθʼ ἑκάστην τὴν οἴκησιν οὕτως ἔχειν τὴν ἀναμέτρησιν, ἢ ὡς οἱ ὕστερον ἀποδεδώκασιν.
And what is said by Hipparchus is also in some way in agreement with these; for he says, assuming the size of the earth which Eratosthenes stated, that from this one must make the subtraction of the inhabited world; for [he says] that it will not make much difference with respect to the celestial phenomena for each habitation whether the measurement is thus, or as those later have given it.
ὄντος δὴ κατʼ Ἐρατοσθένη τοῦ ἰσημερινοῦ κύκλου σταδίων μυριάδων πέντε καὶ εἴκοσι καὶ δισχιλίων, τὸ τεταρτημόριον εἴη ἂν ἓξ μυριάδες καὶ τρισχίλιοι· τοῦτο δέ ἐστι τὸ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἰσημερινοῦ ἐπὶ τὸν πόλον πεντεκαίδεκα ἑξηκοντάδων, οἵων ἐστὶν ὁ ἰσημερινὸς ἑξήκοντα, τὸ δʼ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἰσημερινοῦ ἐπὶ τὸν θερινὸν τροπικὸν τεττάρων· οὗτος δʼ ἐστὶν ὁ διὰ Συήνης γραφόμενος παράλληλος.
Since, then, according to Eratosthenes, the equatorial circle is 252,000 stadia, a quadrant would be 63,000 [stadia]; and this is the [distance] from the equator to the pole, of fifteen sixtieths, of such [sixtieths] as the equator is sixty, while the [distance] from the equator to the summer tropic is four [sixtieths]; and this is the parallel drawn through Syene.
συλλογίζεται δὴ τὰ καθʼ ἕκαστα διαστήματα ἐκ τῶν φαινομένων μέτρων· τὸν μὲν γὰρ τροπικὸν κατὰ Συήνην κεῖσθαι συμβαίνει, διότι ἐνταῦθα κατὰ τὰς θερινὰς τροπὰς ἄσκιός ἐστιν ὁ γνώμων μέσης ἡμέρας· ὁ δὲ διὰ τῆς Συήνης μεσημβρινὸς γράφεται μάλιστα διὰ τῆς τοῦ Νείλου ῥύσεως ἀπὸ Μερόης ἕως Ἀλεξανδρείας· στάδιοι δʼ εἰσὶν οὗτοι περὶ μυρίους· κατὰ μέσον δὲ τὸ διάστημα τὴν Συήνην ἱδρῦσθαι συμβαίνει, ὥστʼ ἐντεῦθεν ἐπὶ Μερόην πεντακισχίλιοι.
He then calculates the individual distances from the observed measurements; for the tropic happens to lie at Syene, because there, at the summer solstice, the gnomon is shadowless at midday; and the meridian through Syene is drawn for the most part along the course of the Nile, from Meroe to Alexandria; and these are about ten thousand stadia; and Syene happens to be situated at the middle of the distance, so that from there to Meroe is five thousand [stadia].
προϊόντι δʼ ἐπʼ εὐθείας ὅσον τρισχιλίους σταδίους ἐπὶ μεσημβρίαν οὐκέτʼ οἰκήσιμα τἆλλά ἐστι διὰ καῦμα, ὥστε τὸν διὰ τούτων τῶν τόπων παράλληλον, τὸν αὐτὸν ὄντα τῷ διὰ τῆς Κινναμωμοφόρου, πέρας καὶ ἀρχὴν δεῖ τίθεσθαι τῆς καθʼ ἡμᾶς οἰκουμένης πρὸς μεσημβρίαν.
And for one going straight about three thousand stadia southward, the remaining regions are no longer habitable on account of heat, so that one must set the parallel through these places, which is the same as that through the Cinnamon-bearing country, as the limit and beginning of our inhabited world toward the south.
ἐπεὶ οὖν πεντακισχίλιοι μέν εἰσιν οἱ ἀπὸ Συήνης εἰς Μερόην, ἄλλοι δὲ προσγεγόνασι τρισχίλιοι, εἶεν ἂν οἱ πάντες ἐπὶ τοὺς ὅρους τῆς οἰκουμένης ὀκτακισχίλιοι.
Since, then, those from Syene to Meroe are five thousand, and another three thousand have been added, the total [stadia] to the boundaries of the inhabited world would be eight thousand.
ἐπὶ δέ γε τὸν ἰσημερινὸν ἀπὸ Συήνης μύριοι ἑξακισχίλιοι ὀκτακόσιοι (τοσοῦτοι γάρ εἰσιν οἱ τῶν τεττάρων ἑξηκοντάδων, τεθείσης ἑκάστης τετρακισχιλίων καὶ διακοσίων), ὥστε λοιποὶ εἶεν ἂν ἀπὸ τῶν ὅρων τῆς οἰκουμένης ἐπὶ τὸν ἰσημερινὸν ὀκτακισχίλιοι ὀκτακόσιοι, ἀπὸ δὲ Ἀλεξανδρείας δισμύριοι χίλιοι ὀκτακόσιοι.
And to the equator from Syene is sixteen thousand eight hundred (for such is the [distance] of the four sixtieths, each being set at four thousand two hundred), so that the remaining [stadia] from the boundaries of the inhabited world to the equator would be eight thousand hundred, and from Alexandria [to the equator] twenty-one thousand eight hundred.
πάλιν δʼ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἀλεξανδρείας ἐπʼ εὐθείας τῇ ῥύσει τοῦ Νείλου πάντες ὁμολογοῦσι τὸν ἐπὶ Ῥόδον πλοῦν κἀντεῦθεν δὲ τὸν τῆς Καρίας παράπλουν καὶ Ἰωνίας μέχρι τῆς Τρῳάδος καὶ Βυζαντίου καὶ Βορυσθένους.
Again, from Alexandria, in a straight line with the course of the Nile, everyone agrees on the voyage to Rhodes, and thence the coastal voyage of Caria and Ionia as far as the Troad and Byzantium and the Borysthenes.
λαβόντες οὖν τὰ διαστήματα γνώριμα καὶ πλεόμενα σκοποῦσι τὰ ὑπὲρ τοῦ Βορυσθένους ἐπʼ εὐθείας ταύτῃ τῇ γραμμῇ μέχρι τίνος οἰκήσιμά ἐστι, καὶ περατοῖ τὰ προσάρκτια μέρη τῆς οἰκουμένης.
Having taken, then, these distances as known and navigated, they examine how far the regions beyond the Borysthenes, in a straight line with this same line, are habitable, and this limits the northern parts of the inhabited world.
οἰκοῦσι δʼ ὑπὲρ τοῦ Βορυσθένους ὕστατοι τῶν γνωρίμων Σκυθῶν Ῥωξολανοί, νοτιώτεροι ὄντες τῶν ὑπὲρ τῆς Βρεττανικῆς ἐσχάτων γνωριζομένων· ἤδη δὲ τἀπέκεινα διὰ ψῦχος ἀοίκητά ἐστι· νοτιώτεροι δὲ τούτων καὶ οἱ ὑπὲρ τῆς Μαιώτιδος Σαυρομάται καὶ Σκύθαι μέχρι τῶν ἑῴων Σκυθῶν.
And beyond the Borysthenes dwell the Roxolani, the last of the known Scythians, being further south than the furthest known people beyond Britain; and the regions already beyond this are uninhabitable on account of cold; and further south than these are also the Sauromatae beyond the Maeotis, and the Scythians as far as the eastern Scythians.