§2.1.40Ἐν δὲ τῷ δευτέρῳ ὑπομνήματι ἀναλαβὼν πάλιν τὴν αὐτὴν ζήτησιν τὴν περὶ τῶν ὅρων τῶν κατὰ τὸν Ταῦρον, περὶ ὧν ἱκανῶς εἰρήκαμεν, μεταβαίνει πρὸς τὰ βόρεια μέρη τῆς οἰκουμένης·
In his second treatise, having taken up again the same inquiry concerning the boundaries along the Taurus, about which we have spoken sufficiently, he passes over to the northern parts of the inhabited world.
εἶτʼ ἐκτίθεται τὰ λεχθέντα ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἐρατοσθένους περὶ τῶν μετὰ τὸν Πόντον τόπων, ὅτι φησὶ τρεῖς ἄκρας ἀπὸ τῶν ἄρκτων καθήκειν· μίαν μὲν ἐφʼ ἧς ἡ Πελοπόννησος, δευτέραν δὲ τὴν Ἰταλικήν, τρίτην δὲ τὴν Λιγυστικήν, ὑφʼ ὧν κόλπους ἀπολαμβάνεσθαι τόν τε Ἀδριατικὸν καὶ τὸν Τυρρηνικόν.
Then he sets forth what was said by Eratosthenes concerning the places beyond the Pontus, namely that he says three peninsulas run down from the north: one on which the Peloponnese lies, a second the Italian one, and a third the Ligurian one, by which are enclosed both the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian gulfs.
ταῦτα δʼ ἐκθέμενος καθόλου πειρᾶται τὰ καθʼ ἕκαστα περὶ αὐτῶν λεγόμενα ἐλέγχειν γεωμετρικῶς μᾶλλον ἢ γεωγραφικῶς.
And having set these forth generally, he attempts to refute the individual statements about them geometrically rather than geographically.
ἔστι δὲ τοσοῦτον τῶν ἁμαρτανομένων ἐν αὐτοῖς ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἐρατοσθένους τὸ πλῆθος, καὶ ὑπὸ Τιμοσθένους τοῦ τοὺς λιμένας συγγράψαντος (ὃν ἐπαινεῖ μὲν ἐκεῖνος μάλιστα τῶν ἄλλων, διαφωνῶν δʼ ἐλέγχεται πρὸς αὐτὸν πλεῖστα), ὥστʼ οὐκ ἄξιον ἡγοῦμαι διαιτᾶν οὔτʼ ἐκείνους ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον διαμαρτάνοντας τῶν ὄντων, οὔτε τὸν Ἵππαρχον.
But so great is the multitude of errors committed in these matters by Eratosthenes, and by Timosthenes, the author of On Harbours (whom the former praises most of all others, though he is shown to differ from him in very many points), that I do not think it worth while to arbitrate either between them, who miss the truth to such an extent, or Hipparchus.
καὶ γὰρ οὗτος τὰ μὲν παραλείπει τῶν ἡμαρτημένων τὰ δʼ οὐκ ἐπανορθοῖ, ἀλλʼ ἐλέγχει μόνον ὅτι ψευδῶς ἢ μαχομένως εἴρηται.
For he too passes over some of the errors and does not correct others, but only refutes them on the grounds that they are falsely or contradictorily stated.
αἰτιάσαιτο μὲν γὰρ καὶ τοῦτʼ ἂν ἴσως τις, ὅτι φησὶν ἄκρας τρεῖς τῆς Εὐρώπης, μίαν μὲν τιθεὶς τὴν ἐφʼ ἧς ἡ Πελοπόννησος· ἔχει γάρ τι πολυσχιδές· καὶ γὰρ τὸ Σούνιον ἀκρωτηριάζει ὁμοίως τῇ Λακωνικῇ, οὐ πολὺ ἧττον μεσημβρινώτερον ὂν τῶν Μαλεῶν καὶ κόλπον ἀπολαμβάνον ἀξιόλογον.
For one might perhaps find fault with this too, that he speaks of three peninsulas of Europe, positing as one that on which the Peloponnese lies; for it has a highly divided character; for Sunium juts out like the Laconian promontory, being not much less southward than Maleae and enclosing a noteworthy gulf.
καὶ ἡ Θρᾳκία Χερρόνησος ἀπολαμβάνει πρὸς τὸ Σούνιον τόν τε Μέλανα κόλπον καὶ τοὺς ἐφεξῆς τοὺς Μακεδονικούς.
And the Thracian Chersonese encloses, in relation to Sunium, both the Melas gulf and those succeeding it belonging to Macedonia.
εἰ δʼ οὖν παρείημεν τοῦτο, καὶ τῶν διαστημάτων τὰ πλεῖστα φανερῶς ψευδογραφούμενα ἐλέγχει τὴν ἀπειρίαν τῶν τόπων ὑπερβάλλουσαν καὶ οὐ δεομένην γεωμετρικῶν ἐλέγχων, ἀλλὰ φανερῶν καὶ αὐτόθεν ἐκμαρτυρεῖσθαι δυναμένων· οἷον ὅτι ἐξ Ἐπιδάμνου πρὸς τὸν Θερμαῖον κόλπον ἡ ὑπέρβασίς ἐστι πλειόνων ἢ δισχιλίων σταδίων· ὁ δʼ ἐνακοσίων φησίν· ἐκ δὲ Ἀλεξανδρείας εἰς Καρχηδόνα ὑπὲρ μυρίους καὶ τρισχιλίους, οὐ πλείους ὄντας τῶν ἐννακισχιλίων, εἴπερ ἐπὶ τοῦ αὐτοῦ μεσημβρινοῦ ἐστι κατὰ τοῦτον τῇ μὲν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ Καρία καὶ Ῥόδος, τῇ δὲ Καρχηδόνι ὁ πορθμός.
But even if we should overlook this, the fact that most of the distances are manifestly falsely recorded reveals an exceeding ignorance of these places, which does not require geometrical refutations, but obvious ones that can be testified on the spot; for instance, that the crossing from Epidamnus to the Thermaic gulf is more than two thousand stadia, whereas he says it is nine hundred; and from Alexandria to Carthage more than thirteen thousand, whereas they are not more than nine thousand, if indeed, according to him, Caria and Rhodes are on the same meridian as Alexandria, and the Strait on the same as Carthage.
πάντες γὰρ ὁμολογοῦσι μὴ πλειόνων εἶναι τὸν ἐκ Καρίας ἐπὶ πορθμὸν πλοῦν σταδίων ἢ ἐνακισχιλίων· ὅ τε μεσημβρινὸς ἐν μεγάλῳ μέν τινι διαστήματι λαμβανόμενος δοθείη ἂν ὁ αὐτὸς εἶναι τοσοῦτον δυσμικώτερος πρὸς τὸν ἑωθινώτερον ὅσον ἡ Καρχηδών ἐστι τοῦ πορθμοῦ πρὸς δύσει μᾶλλον, ἐν δὲ τετρακισχιλίοις σταδίοις ἔχει καταφανῆ τὸν ἔλεγχον.
For all agree that the voyage from Caria to the Strait is not more than nine thousand stadia; and the meridian, if taken with some large interval, might be granted to be the same, being more westerly than the more easterly one by as much as Carthage is further to the west than the Strait; but in a difference of four thousand stadia, it has a glaring refutation.
ὁ δὲ καὶ τὴν Ῥώμην τιθεὶς ἐπὶ ταὐτοῦ μεσημβρινοῦ τὴν τοσοῦτον καὶ Καρχηδόνος δυσμικωτέραν, ὑπερβολὴν οὐκ ἀπολείπει τῆς τῶν τόπων ἀπειρίας καὶ τούτων καὶ τῶν ἐφεξῆς πρὸς δύσιν μέχρι στηλῶν.
And he who also places Rome on the same meridian—which is so much further west even than Carthage—leaves no room for exceeding ignorance of these places, both of these and of those succeeding them towards the west as far as the Pillars.