§2.1.36βέλτιον δὲ περὶ τῆς τετάρτης λέγει μερίδος, προστίθησι δὲ καὶ τοῦ φιλαιτίου καὶ τοῦ μένοντος ἐπὶ τῶν αὐτῶν ὑποθέσεων ἢ τῶν παραπλησίων.
But he speaks better about the fourth section, though he also adds to it his fault-finding character and his habit of remaining on the same or similar assumptions.
τοῦτο μὲν γὰρ ὀρθῶς ἐπιτιμᾷ διότι μῆκος ὀνομάζει τῆς μερίδος ταύτης τὴν ἀπὸ Θαψάκου μέχρι Αἰγύπτου γραμμήν, ὥσπερ εἴ τις παραλληλογράμμου τὴν διάμετρον μῆκος αὐτοῦ φαίη· οὐ γὰρ ἐπὶ τοῦ αὐτοῦ παραλλήλου κεῖται ἥ τε Θάψακος καὶ ἡ τῆς Αἰγύπτου παραλία, ἀλλʼ ἐπὶ διεστώτων πολὺ ἀλλήλων, ἐν δὲ τῷ μεταξὺ διαγώνιός πως ἄγεται καὶ λοξὴ ἡ ἀπὸ Θαψάκου εἰς Αἴγυπτον.
For he is right in censuring this point, namely, that Eratosthenes calls the line from Thapsacus to Egypt the 'length' of this section, just as if one were to call the diagonal of a parallelogram its length; for Thapsacus and the coast of Egypt do not lie on the same parallel, but are very far apart from each other, and in the intervening space the line from Thapsacus to Egypt is drawn in a certain diagonal and oblique way.
τὸ δὲ θαυμάζειν, πῶς ἐθάρρησεν εἰπεῖν ἑξακισχιλίων σταδίων τὸ ἀπὸ Πηλουσίου εἰς Θάψακον, πλειόνων ὄντων ἢ ὀκτακισχιλίων, οὐκ ὀρθῶς.
But his wondering how Eratosthenes dared to say that the distance from Pelusium to Thapsacus is six thousand stadia, when it is more than eight thousand, is not correct.
λαβὼν γὰρ διʼ ἀποδείξεως μέν, ὅτι ὁ διὰ Πηλουσίου παράλληλος τοῦ διὰ Βαβυλῶνος πλείοσιν ἢ δισχιλίοις καὶ πεντακοσίοις σταδίοις νοτιώτερός ἐστι, κατʼ Ἐρατοσθένη δὲ (ὡς οἴεται), διότι τοῦ διὰ Βαβυλῶνος ὁ διὰ τῆς Θαψάκου ἀρκτικώτερος τετρακισχιλίοις ὀκτακοσίοις, συμπίπτειν φησὶ πλείους τῶν ὀκτακισχιλίων.
For having obtained by proof, on the one hand, that the parallel through Pelusium is more than two thousand five hundred stadia further south than that through Babylon, and on the other hand, according to Eratosthenes (as he thinks), because the parallel through Thapsacus is four thousand eight hundred stadia further north than that through Babylon, he says that the total sum turns out to be more than eight thousand.
πῶς οὖν κατʼ Ἐρατοσθένη δείκνυται ἡ τοσαύτη ἀπόστασις τοῦ διὰ Βαβυλῶνος παραλλήλου ἀπὸ τοῦ διὰ Θαψάκου, ζητῶ.
How then, I ask, is such a distance between the parallel through Babylon and that through Thapsacus demonstrated according to Eratosthenes?
ὅτι μὲν γὰρ ἀπὸ Θαψάκου ἐπὶ Βαβυλῶνα τοσοῦτόν ἐστιν, εἴρηκεν ἐκεῖνος· ὅτι δὲ καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ διʼ ἑκατέρου παραλλήλου ἐπὶ τὸν διὰ θατέρου, οὐκ εἴρηκεν· οὐδὲ γάρ, ὅτι ἐπὶ ταὐτοῦ μεσημβρινοῦ ἐστιν ἡ Θάψακος καὶ ἡ Βαβυλών.
For that writer has said that the distance from Thapsacus to Babylon is so much; but he has not said that the distance from the parallel of the one to that of the other is also so much; for he did not even say that Thapsacus and Babylon are on the same meridian.
τἀναντία γὰρ αὐτὸς ὁ Ἵππαρχος ἔδειξε κατʼ Ἐρατοσθένη πλείοσιν ἢ χιλίοις σταδίοις συμβαίνειν ἀνατολικωτέραν εἶναι τὴν Βαβυλῶνα τῆς Θαψάκου.
Indeed, Hipparchus himself showed the contrary, namely, that according to Eratosthenes, Babylon turns out to be more than a thousand stadia further east than Thapsacus.
ἡμεῖς τε παρετίθεμεν τὰς Ἐρατοσθένους ἀποφάσεις, ἐν αἷς τὸν Τίγριν καὶ τὸν Εὐφράτην ἐγκυκλοῦσθαι τήν τε Μεσοποταμίαν καὶ τὴν Βαβυλωνίαν, καὶ τὸ πλέον γε τῆς ἐγκυκλώσεως τὸν Εὐφράτην ποιεῖν· ἀπὸ γὰρ τῶν ἄρκτων ἐπὶ μεσημβρίαν ῥυέντα ἐπιστρέφειν πρὸς τὰς ἀνατολάς, ἐκπίπτειν δὲ ἐπὶ μεσημβρίαν.
And we ourselves cited the statements of Eratosthenes, in which he says that the Tigris and the Euphrates encircle Mesopotamia and Babylonia, and that the Euphrates does the greater part of the encircling; for flowing from the north towards the south, it turns towards the east, and empties towards the south.
ἡ μὲν οὖν ἐπὶ μεσημβρίαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἄρκτων ὁδὸς ὡς ἂν μεσημβρινοῦ τινός ἐστιν, ἡ δʼ ἐπὶ τὰς ἀνατολὰς ἐπιστροφὴ καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν Βαβυλῶνα ἔκνευσίς τέ ἐστιν ἀπὸ τοῦ μεσημβρινοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἐπʼ εὐθείας διὰ τὴν ῥηθεῖσαν ἐγκύκλωσιν.
Therefore, the route from the north towards the south is, as it were, along some meridian, but the turn towards the east and the inclination towards Babylon is a deviation from the meridian and is not in a straight line because of the aforementioned encircling.
τὴν δέ γε ὁδὸν εἴρηκε τετρακισχιλίων καὶ ὀκτακοσίων σταδίων τὴν ἐπὶ Βαβυλῶνα ἀπὸ Θαψάκου παρὰ τὸν Εὐφράτην προσθείς, καθάπερ ἐπίτηδες, τοῦ μή τινα εὐθεῖαν αὐτὴν δέξασθαι καὶ μέτρον τοῦ μεταξὺ δυεῖν παραλλήλων διαστήματος.
But in stating that the distance to Babylon from Thapsacus is four thousand eight hundred stadia, he added 'along the Euphrates,' as if on purpose, so that no one should take it to be a straight line and a measure of the interval between the two parallels.
μὴ διδομένου δὲ τούτου, κενόν ἐστι καὶ τὸ ἐφεξῆς δείκνυσθαι δοκοῦν, ὅτι συνισταμένου ὀρθογωνίου τριγώνου πρός τε Πηλουσίῳ καὶ Θαψάκῳ καὶ τῇ τομῇ τοῦ τε διὰ Πηλουσίου παραλλήλου καὶ τοῦ διὰ Θαψάκου μεσημβρινοῦ, μία τῶν περὶ τὴν ὀρθήν, ἡ ἐπὶ τοῦ μεσημβρινοῦ, μείζων ἔσται τῆς ὑπὸ τὴν ὀρθήν, τῆς ἀπὸ Θαψάκου εἰς Πηλούσιον.
And if this is not granted, what seems to be demonstrated next is also invalid—namely, that when a right-angled triangle is constructed with Pelusium, Thapsacus, and the intersection of the parallel through Pelusium and the meridian through Thapsacus, one of the sides about the right angle, the one on the meridian, will be greater than the hypotenuse, the line from Thapsacus to Pelusium.
κενὸν δὲ καὶ τὸ συνάπτον τούτῳ, ἀπὸ μὴ συγχωρουμένου λήμματος κατασκευαζόμενον.
And what follows this is also invalid, being constructed from an ungranted assumption.
οὐ γὰρ δὴ δίδοται τὸ ἀπὸ Βαβυλῶνος ἐπὶ τὸν διὰ Κασπίων πυλῶν μεσημβρινὸν εἶναι διάστημα τετρακισχιλίων ὀκτακοσίων.
For it is certainly not granted that the distance from Babylon to the meridian through the Caspian Gates is four thousand eight hundred stadia.
ἐλήλεγκται γὰρ ὑφʼ ἡμῶν ἐκ τῶν μὴ συγχωρουμένων ὑπʼ Ἐρατοσθένους κατεσκευακότα τοῦτο τὸν Ἵππαρχον· ἵνα δʼ ἀνίσχυρον ᾖ τὸ ὑπὸ ἐκείνου διδόμενον, λαβὼν τὸ εἶναι πλείους ἢ ἐννακισχιλίους ἐκ Βαβυλῶνος ἐπὶ τὴν ἐκ Κασπίων πυλῶν οὕτως ἀγομένην γραμμήν, ὡς ἐκεῖνος εἴρηκεν, ἐπὶ τοὺς ὅρους τῆς Καρμανίας, ἐδείκνυε τὸ αὐτό.
For it has been proved by us that Hipparchus constructed this from assumptions not granted by Eratosthenes; though in order to make what was granted by Eratosthenes invalid, he tried to show the same thing by assuming that the distance from Babylon to the line drawn from the Caspian Gates to the borders of Carmania, as Eratosthenes described it, is more than nine thousand stadia.