§2.1.14φέρε δὴ ἐπὶ τὴν ἀνταίρουσαν τῇ Κινναμωμοφόρῳ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ αὐτοῦ παραλλήλου πρὸς ἕω κειμένην ὑποβῶμεν.
Come now, let us descend to the country lying opposite the Cinnamon-producing land and situated on the same parallel toward the east.
αὕτη δʼ ἐστὶν ἡ περὶ τὴν Ταπροβάνην·
This is the region around Taprobane.
ἡ δὲ Ταπροβάνη πεπίστευται σφόδρα ὅτι τῆς Ἰνδικῆς πρόκειται πελαγία μεγάλη νῆσος πρὸς νότον, μηκύνεται δὲ ἐπὶ τὴν Αἰθιοπίαν πλέον ἢ πεντακισχιλίους σταδίους, ὥς φασιν, ἐξ ἧς καὶ ἐλέφαντα κομίζεσθαι πολὺν εἰς τὰ τῶν Ἰνδῶν ἐμπόρια καὶ χελώνεια καὶ ἄλλον φόρτον.
And Taprobane is strongly believed to lie off India in the open sea as a large island towards the south, and to extend towards Ethiopia for more than five thousand stadia, as they say, from which also much elephant cargo is brought to the Indian emporia, as well as tortoise-shell and other cargo.
ταύτῃ δὴ τῇ νήσῳ πλάτος προστεθὲν τὸ ἀνάλογον τῷ μήκει καὶ δίαρμα τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτὴν ἐκ τῆς Ἰνδικῆς τῶν μὲν τρισχιλίων σταδίων οὐκ ἂν ἔλαττον ποιήσειε διάστημα, ὅσον ἦν τὸ ἀπὸ τοῦ ὅρου τῆς οἰκουμένης εἰς Μερόην, εἴπερ μέλλει τὰ ἄκρα τῆς Ἰνδικῆς ἀνταίρειν τῇ Μερόῃ· πιθανώτερον δʼ ἐστὶ καὶ πλείους τῶν τρισχιλίων τιθέναι.
Now, if to this island a width proportional to its length is added, and also the crossing to it from India, it would make a distance of not less than three thousand stadia—which was the distance from the boundary of the inhabited world to Meroe—if indeed the extremities of India are to lie opposite Meroe; and it is more plausible to assume even more than three thousand.
εἰ δὴ τοῦτο προσθείη τις τοῖς τρισμυρίοις, οἷς φησιν ὁ Δηίμαχος μέχρι τῆς εἰς Βακτρίους καὶ Σογδιανοὺς ὑπερθέσεως, ἐκπέσοι ἂν πάντα ταῦτα τὰ ἔθνη τῆς οἰκουμένης καὶ τῆς εὐκράτου.
If then one should add this to the thirty thousand stadia which Deïmachus says is the distance as far as the passes into the territory of the Bactrians and Sogdians, all these nations would fall outside the inhabited world and the temperate zone.
τίς ἂν οὖν θαρρήσειε ταῦτα λέγειν, ἀκούων καὶ τῶν πάλαι καὶ τῶν νῦν τὴν εὐκρασίαν καὶ τὴν εὐκαρπίαν λεγόντων πρῶτον μὲν τὴν τῶν προσβόρρων Ἰνδῶν, ἔπειτα δὲ καὶ τὴν ἐν τῇ Ὑρκανίᾳ καὶ τῇ Ἀρίᾳ καὶ ἐφεξῆς τῇ τε Μαργιανῇ καὶ τῇ Βακτριανῇ;
Who, then, would dare to say this, when he hears both ancient and modern writers speaking of the mildness of climate and the fruitfulness, first of northern India, and secondly also of Hyrcania, Aria, and next Margiana and Bactriana?
ἅπασαι γὰρ αὗται προσεχεῖς μέν εἰσι τῇ βορείῳ πλευρᾷ τοῦ Ταύρου, καὶ ἥ γε Βακτριανὴ καὶ πλησιάζει τῇ εἰς Ἰνδοὺς ὑπερθέσει, τοσαύτῃ δʼ εὐδαιμονίᾳ κέχρηνται ὥστε πάμπολύ τι ἀπέχειν τῆς ἀοικήτου.
For all these regions are contiguous to the northern side of the Taurus, and Bactriana in particular is even close to the pass into India; and they enjoy such prosperity that they are very far removed from being uninhabitable.
ἐν μέν γε τῇ Ὑρκανίᾳ τὴν ἄμπελον μετρητὴν οἴνου φέρειν φασί, τὴν δὲ συκῆν μεδίμνους ἑξήκοντα, τὸν δὲ σῖτον ἐκ τοῦ ἐκπεσόντος καρποῦ τῆς καλάμης πάλιν φύεσθαι, ἐν δὲ τοῖς δένδρεσι σμηνουργεῖσθαι καὶ τῶν φύλλων ἀπορρεῖν μέλι, ὅπερ γίνεσθαι μὲν καὶ τῆς Μηδίας ἐν τῇ Ματιανῇ καὶ τῆς Ἀρμενίας ἐν τῇ Σακασηνῇ καὶ τῇ Ἀραξηνῇ· ἀλλʼ ἐνταῦθα μὲν οὐκ ἐπʼ ἴσης θαυμαστόν, εἴπερ εἰσὶ νοτιώτεραι τῆς Ὑρκανίας καὶ εὐκρασίᾳ διαφέρουσαι τῆς ἄλλης χώρας· ἐκεῖ δὲ μᾶλλον.
In Hyrcania, at any rate, they say that the vine yields a metretes of wine, and the fig tree sixty medimnoi, and that wheat grows again from the seed that falls from the stalk, and that bees make hives in the trees and honey flows from the leaves; which indeed happens also in Matiane in Media, and in Sakasene and Araxene in Armenia; but in these latter places it is not equally surprising, since they are further south than Hyrcania and excel the rest of the country in mildness of climate; but in Hyrcania it is more surprising.
ἐν δὲ τῇ Μαργιανῇ τὸν πυθμένα φασὶν εὑρίσκεσθαι τῆς ἀμπέλου πολλάκις δυεῖν ἀνδρῶν ὀργυιαῖς περιληπτόν, τὸν δὲ βότρυν δίπηχυν.
And in Margiana, they say that the trunk of the vine is often found to be so thick that it takes two men with outstretched arms to encircle it, and the cluster of grapes is two cubits long.
παραπλησίαν δὲ λέγουσι καὶ τὴν Ἀρίαν, εὐοινίᾳ δὲ καὶ ὑπερβάλλειν, ἐν ᾗ γε καὶ εἰς τριγένειαν παραμένειν ἐν ἀπιττώτοις ἄγγεσι τὸν οἶνον· πάμφορον δʼ εἶναι καὶ τὴν Βακτριανὴν πλὴν ἐλαίου, πλησίον τῇ Ἀρίᾳ παρακειμένην.
They say that Aria is similar, but even surpasses it in the excellence of its wine, in which indeed the wine keeps for three generations in jars that are not pitched; and they say that Bactriana also, which lies close to Aria, produces everything except olive oil.
§2.1.15εἰ δὲ καὶ ψυχρὰ μέρη τῶν τόπων τούτων ἐστίν, ὅσα ὑψηλὰ καὶ ὀρεινά, οὐδὲν δεῖ θαυμάζειν· καὶ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς μεσημβρινοῖς κλίμασι τὰ ὄρη ψυχρά ἐστι, καὶ καθόλου τὰ μετέωρα ἐδάφη, κἂν πεδία ᾖ.
And if there are also cold parts of these regions, namely those that are high and mountainous, there is no need to wonder; for even in the southern climates the mountains are cold, and in general the elevated lands, even if they are plains.
τῆς γοῦν Καππαδοκίας τὰ πρὸς τῷ Εὐξείνῳ πολὺ βορειότερά ἐστι τῶν πρὸς τῷ Ταύρῳ· ἀλλʼ ἡ μὲν Βαγαδανία, πεδίον ἐξαίσιον μεταξὺ πῖπτον τοῦ τε Ἀργαίου ὄρους καὶ τοῦ Ταύρου, σπάνιον εἴ πού τι τῶν καρπίμων δένδρων φύοι, καίπερ νοτιώτερον τῆς Ποντικῆς θαλάττης σταδίοις τρισχιλίοις, τὰ δὲ τῆς Σινώπης προάστεια καὶ τῆς Ἀμισοῦ καὶ τῆς Φαναροίας τὸ πλέον ἐλαιόφυτά ἐστι.
At any rate, the parts of Cappadocia near the Euxine are much further north than those near the Taurus; yet Bagadania, a vast plain falling between Mount Argaeus and the Taurus, rarely produces any of the fruit-bearing trees, although it is three thousand stadia further south than the Pontic Sea, whereas the suburbs of Sinope and Amisus and most of Phanaroea are planted with olives.
καὶ τὸν Ὦξον δὲ τὸν ὁρίζοντα τὴν Βακτριανὴν ἀπὸ τῆς Σογδιανῆς οὕτω φασὶν εὔπλουν εἶναι ὥστε τὸν Ἰνδικὸν φόρτον ὑπερκομισθέντα εἰς αὐτὸν ῥᾳδίως εἰς τὴν Ὑρκανίαν κατάγεσθαι καὶ τοὺς ἐφεξῆς τόπους μέχρι τοῦ Πόντου διὰ τῶν ποταμῶν.
And they say that the Oxus also, which divides Bactriana from Sogdiana, is so easy to navigate that Indian cargo, after being carried over to it, is easily brought down to Hyrcania and the succeeding regions as far as the Pontus by means of the rivers.