§17.3.7οὕτω δʼ εὐδαίμονα χώραν οἰκοῦντες τὴν πλείστην οἱ Μαυρούσιοι διατελοῦσιν ὅμως καὶ μέχρι δεῦρο τοῦ χρόνου νομαδικῶς ζῶντες οἱ πολλοί.
Although the Maurusians inhabit a country which is for the most part so fertile, yet many of them continue even to this day to live in a nomadic fashion.
καλλωπίζονται δʼ ὅμως κόμης ἐμπλοκῇ καὶ πώγωνι καὶ χρυσοφορίᾳ σμήξει τε ὀδόντων καὶ ὀνυχισμῷ· σπάνιόν τε ἂν ἴδοις ἁπτομένους ἀλλήλων ἐν τοῖς περιπάτοις τοῦ παραμένειν αὐτοῖς ἄθικτον τὸν κόσμον τῶν τριχῶν.
They beautify themselves, however, by braiding their hair, growing beards, wearing gold, cleaning their teeth, and paring their nails; and one would rarely see them touching one another in their walks, so that the adornment of their hair may remain untouched.
μάχονται δʼ ἱππόται τὸ πλέον ἀπὸ ἄκοντος, σχοινοχαλίνοις χρώμενοι τοῖς ἵπποις καὶ γυμνοῖς· ἔχουσι δὲ καὶ μαχαίρας·
They fight mostly on horseback with javelins, using horses with rope-bridles and without saddles; they also carry daggers.
οἱ δὲ πεζοὶ τὰς τῶν ἐλεφάντων δορὰς ὡς ἀσπίδας προβάλλονται· τὰς δὲ τῶν λεόντων καὶ παρδάλεων καὶ ἄρκτων ἀμπέχονται καὶ ἐγκοιμῶνται.
The infantry hold the skins of elephants before them as shields, and they clothe themselves in the skins of lions, leopards, and bears, and sleep in them.
σχεδὸν δέ τι καὶ οὗτοι καὶ οἱ ἐφεξῆς Μασαισύλιοι καὶ κοινῶς Λίβυες κατὰ τὸ πλέον ὁμοιόσκευοί εἰσι καὶ τὰ ἄλλα ἐμφερεῖς, μικροῖς ἵπποις χρώμενοι, ὀξέσι δὲ καὶ εὐπειθέσιν ὥστʼ ἀπὸ ῥαβδίου οἰακίζεσθαι· περιτραχήλια δὲ ξύλινα ἢ τρίχινα, ἀφʼ ὧν ὁ ῥυτὴρ ἀπήρτηται· ἔνιοι δὲ καὶ χωρὶς ὁλκῆς ἕπονται ὡς κύνες·
These people, as well as the adjoining Masaesylians, and generally the Libyans for the most part, are armed in almost the same manner and are similar in other respects, using small horses, which are swift and obedient so that they are steered by a small rod; they wear collars of wood or hair, from which the rein is suspended; and some of them follow even without being led, like dogs.
πέλτη μικρὰ βυρσίνη, πλατύλογχα μικρά, ἄζωστοι πλατύσημοι χιτῶνες, ἐπιπόρπημα, ὡς ἔφην, δορὰ καὶ προθωράκιον.
Their equipment consists of a small leather shield, small broad-pointed spears, unbelted broad-striped tunics, and, as I said, a skin worn as a cloak, and a breastplate.
Φαρούσιοι δὲ καὶ Νίγρητες οἱ ὑπὲρ τούτων οἰκοῦντες πρὸς τοῖς ἑσπερίοις Αἰθίοψι καὶ τοξεύουσι, καθάπερ καὶ οἱ Αἰθίοπες· χρῶνται δὲ καὶ δρεπανηφόροις ἅρμασι·
The Pharusians and the Nigretes, who live above these people near the Western Ethiopians, also use bows, just like the Ethiopians; they also use scythed chariots.
μίσγονται δὲ καὶ τοῖς Μαυρουσίοις οἱ Φαρούσιοι διὰ τῆς ἐρήμου σπανίως, ὑπὸ ταῖς κοιλίαις τῶν ἵππων ὑπαρτῶντες τοὺς ἀσκοὺς τοῦ ὕδατος· ἔστι δʼ ὅτε καὶ εἰς Κίρταν ἀφικνοῦνται διά τινων τόπων ἑλωδῶν καὶ λιμνῶν.
The Pharusians mingle with the Maurusians only rarely, crossing the desert and suspending their water-skins under the bellies of their horses; and sometimes they even reach Cirta through certain marshy tracts and lakes.
τινὰς δʼ αὐτῶν καὶ τρωγλοδυτικῶς οἰκεῖν φασιν ὀρύττοντας τὴν γῆν.
Some of them are also said to live in troglodytic fashion, digging into the earth.
λέγεται δὲ κἀνταῦθα τοὺς θερινοὺς ὄμβρους ἐπιπολάζειν, χειμῶνος δὲ εἶναι ἀνυδρίαν.
It is said that here also the summer rains are abundant, while there is a lack of water in winter.
ἐνίους δὲ τῶν ταύτῃ βαρβάρων καὶ ὄφεων καὶ ἰχθύων δοραῖς ἀμπεχόναις τε καὶ στρώμασι χρῆσθαι.
Some of the barbarians in this region are also said to use the skins of snakes and fish for clothing and bedding.
τοὺς δὲ Φαρουσίους ἔνιοί φασιν Ἰνδοὺς εἶναι τοὺς συγκατελθόντας Ἡρακλεῖ δεῦρο.
Some say that the Pharusians are Indians who accompanied Hercules down to this place.
μικρὸν μὲν οὖν πρὸ ἡμῶν οἱ περὶ Βόγον βασιλεῖς καὶ Βόκχον κατεῖχον αὐτήν, φίλοι Ῥωμαίων ὄντες·
A little before our time, the kings Bogus and Bocchus held it, being friends of the Romans.
ἐκλιπόντων δὲ τούτων, Ἰούβας παρέλαβε τὴν ἀρχήν, δόντος τοῦ Σεβαστοῦ Καίσαρος καὶ ταύτην αὐτῷ τὴν ἀρχὴν πρὸς τῇ πατρῴᾳ· υἱὸς δʼ ἦν Ἰούβα τοῦ πρὸς Καίσαρα τὸν θεὸν πολεμήσαντος μετὰ Σκιπίωνος.
When they died out, Juba received the rule, Augustus Caesar having given him this sovereignty in addition to his paternal kingdom; he was the son of Juba who fought against the deified Caesar along with Scipio.
Ἰούβας μὲν οὖν νεωστὶ ἐτελεύτα τὸν βίον, διαδέδεκται δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν υἱὸς Πτολεμαῖος γεγονὼς ἐξ Ἀντωνίου θυγατρὸς καὶ Κλεοπάτρας.
Juba indeed recently ended his life, and his son Ptolemy has succeeded to the rule, born of the daughter of Antony and Cleopatra.
§17.3.8Ἀρτεμίδωρος δʼ Ἐρατοσθένει μὲν ἀντιλέγει, διότι Λίξον τινά φησι πόλιν περὶ τὰ ἄκρα τῆς Μαυρουσίας τὰ ἑσπέρια ἀντὶ Λυγγός· Φοινικικὰς δὲ πόλεις κατεσπασμένας παμπόλλας τινάς, ὧν οὐδὲν ἰδεῖν ἔστιν ἴχνος· ἐν δὲ τοῖς ἑσπερίοις Αἰθίοψι ταῖς τε ὀρθριναῖς ὥραις καὶ ταῖς δειλιναῖς παχεῖς καὶ ἀχλυώδεις εἶναι τοὺς ἀέρας· πῶς γὰρ ἐν αὐχμώδεσι καὶ καυματηροῖς τόποις ταῦτʼ εἶναι;
Artemidorus, however, contradicts Eratosthenes, because he says that there is a certain city called Lixus near the western extremities of Maurusia instead of Lynx; and that there are very many Phoenician cities destroyed, of which no trace can be seen; and that among the Western Ethiopians, in the morning and evening hours, the air is thick and misty; for how could this be in parched and hot places?
αὐτὸς δὲ τούτων πολὺ χείρω λέγει περὶ τοὺς αὐτοὺς τόπους· μετανάστας γάρ τινας ἱστορεῖ Λωτοφάγους, οἳ τὴν ἄνυδρον νέμοιντο, σιτοῖντο δὲ λωτόν, πόαν τινὰ καὶ ῥίζαν, ἐφʼ ἧς οὐδὲν δέοιντο ποτοῦ.
But he himself says much worse things about the same places; for he records certain nomadic Lotophagi, who inhabit the waterless land and feed on the lotus, a certain herb and root, by which they have no need of drink.
παρήκειν δʼ αὐτοὺς μέχρι τῶν ὑπὲρ Κυρήνης τόπων· τοὺς δʼ ἐκεῖ καὶ γαλακτοποτεῖν καὶ κρεωφαγεῖν, καίπερ ταυτοκλινεῖς ὄντας.
And he says they extend as far as the places above Cyrene; and that the people there also drink milk and eat meat, although they live in the same latitude.
καὶ Γαβίνιος δὲ ὁ τῶν Ῥωμαίων συγγραφεὺς οὐκ ἀπέχεται τῆς τερατολογίας τῆς περὶ τὴν Μαυρουσίαν· πρὸς γὰρ τῇ Λυγγὶ Ἀνταίου μνῆμα ἱστορεῖ καὶ σκελετὸν πηχῶν ἑξήκοντα, ὃν Σερτώριον γυμνῶσαι καὶ πάλιν ἐπιβαλεῖν γῆν.
And Gabinius, the Roman writer, does not refrain from the narration of marvels concerning Maurusia; for near Lynx he records the tomb of Antaeus and a skeleton sixty cubits long, which Sertorius bared and covered with earth again.
καὶ τὰ περὶ τῶν ἐλεφάντων μυθώδη· φησὶ γὰρ τἆλλα μὲν θηρία φεύγειν τὸ πῦρ, τοὺς δʼ ἐλέφαντας πολεμεῖν καὶ ἀμύνεσθαι, διότι τὴν ὕλην φθείρει· πρὸς δὲ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους διαμάχεσθαι, κατασκόπους προπέμποντας, καὶ ὅταν ἴδωσιν ἐκείνους, φεύγειν καὶ αὐτούς, ἐπειδὰν δὲ τραύματα λάβωσιν, ἱκετηρίαν προτείνειν κλάδους ἢ βοτάνην ἢ κόνιν.
His accounts concerning the elephants are also mythical; for he says that while other beasts flee from fire, the elephants fight and defend themselves against it because it destroys the forest; and they fight against men, sending out scouts, and when they see them, they also flee, but when they receive wounds, they extend branches or grass or dust as a sign of supplication.