§17.1.45Ἐντεῦθέν ἐστιν ἰσθμὸς εἰς τὴν Ἐρυθρὰν κατὰ πόλιν Βερενίκην, ἀλίμενον μὲν τῇ δʼ εὐκαιρίᾳ τοῦ ἰσθμοῦ καταγωγὰς ἐπιτηδείους ἔχουσαν.
From here there is an isthmus leading to the Red Sea at the city of Berenice, which, though without a harbor, has suitable landing-places owing to the convenient situation of the isthmus.
λέγεται δʼ ὁ Φιλάδελφος πρῶτος στρατοπέδῳ τεμεῖν τὴν ὁδὸν ταύτην ἄνυδρον οὖσαν, καὶ κατασκευάσαι σταθμούς, τοῦτο δὲ πρᾶξαι διὰ τὸ τὴν Ἐρυθρὰν δύσπλουν εἶναι καὶ μάλιστα τοῖς ἐκ τοῦ μυχοῦ πλοϊζομένοις.
It is said that Philadelphus was the first to cut this road, which was waterless, with an army, and to construct stations, and that he did this because the Red Sea was difficult to navigate, especially for those who sailed from the innermost recess.
ἐφάνη δὴ τῇ πείρᾳ πολὺ τὸ χρήσιμον, καὶ νῦν ὁ Ἰνδικὸς φόρτος ἅπας καὶ ὁ Ἀράβιος καὶ τοῦ Αἰθιοπικοῦ ὁ τῷ Ἀραβίῳ κόλπῳ κατακομιζόμενος εἰς Κοπτὸν φέρεται, καὶ τοῦτʼ ἔστιν ἐμπόριον τῶν τοιούτων φορτίων.
It was indeed shown by experience that this was of great utility, and now all the Indian cargo, the Arabian cargo, and that of the Ethiopian cargo which is brought down through the Arabian Gulf, is carried to Coptos, and this is the emporium for such cargoes.
οὐκ ἄπωθεν δὲ τῆς Βερενίκης ἐστὶ Μυὸς ὅρμος, πόλις ἔχουσα τὸ ναύσταθμον τῶν πλοϊζομένων, καὶ τῆς Κοπτοῦ οὐ πολὺ ἀφέστηκεν ἡ καλουμένη Ἀπόλλωνος πόλις, ὥστε καὶ αἱ διορίζουσαι τὸν ἰσθμὸν δύο πόλεις ἑκατέρωθέν εἰσιν.
Not far from Berenice is Myos Hormos, a city having the naval station for those who sail, and not far from Coptos lies the city called the City of Apollo, so that the two cities which define the isthmus are on either side.
ἀλλὰ νῦν ἡ Κοπτὸς καὶ ὁ Μυὸς ὅρμος εὐδοκιμεῖ, καὶ χρῶνται τοῖς τόποις τούτοις.
But now Coptos and Myos Hormos are in high repute, and they use these places.
πρότερον μὲν οὖν ἐνυκτοπόρουν πρὸς τὰ ἄστρα βλέποντες οἱ καμηλέμποροι καὶ καθάπερ οἱ πλέοντες ὥδευον κομίζοντες καὶ ὕδωρ, νυνὶ δὲ καὶ ὑδρεῖα κατεσκευάκασιν, ὀρύξαντες πολὺ βάθος, καὶ ἐκ τῶν οὐρανίων καίπερ ὄντων σπανίων ὅμως δεξαμενὰς πεποίηνται·
Formerly, then, the camel-merchants used to travel by night, looking to the stars and, like sailors, they journeyed carrying water as well; but now they have also constructed watering-places, having dug to a great depth, and they have also built reservoirs for rainwater, although it is scarce.
ἡ δʼ ὁδός ἐστιν ἓξ ἢ ἑπτὰ ἡμερῶν.
The journey is one of six or seven days.
ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ ἰσθμῷ τούτῳ καὶ τὰ τῆς σμαράγδου μέταλλά ἐστι, τῶν Ἀράβων ὀρυττόντων βαθεῖς τινας ὑπονόμους, καὶ ἄλλων λίθων πολυτελῶν.
On this isthmus there are also the emerald mines, where the Arabs dig deep galleries, and mines of other precious stones.
§17.1.46μετὰ δὲ τὴν Ἀπόλλωνος πόλιν αἱ Θῆβαι (καλεῖται δὲ νῦν Διὸς πόλις)
αἵθʼ ἑκατόμπυλοί εἰσι, διηκόσιοι δʼ ἀνʼ ἑκάστην ἀνέρες ἐξοιχνεῦσι σὺν ἵπποισιν καὶ ὄχεσφιν. Ὅμηρος μὲν οὕτω· λέγει δὲ καὶ τὸν πλοῦτον
οὐδʼ ὅσα Θήβας Αἰγυπτίας, ὅθι πλεῖστα δόμοις ἐνὶ κτήματα κεῖται. καὶ ἄλλοι δὲ τοιαῦτα λέγουσι, μητρόπολιν τιθέντες τῆς Αἰγύπτου ταύτην· καὶ νῦν δʼ ἴχνη δείκνυται τοῦ μεγέθους αὐτῆς ἐπὶ ὀγδοήκοντα σταδίους τὸ μῆκος·
After the City of Apollo comes Thebes (now called Diospolis), "which has a hundred gates, and from each two hundred men issue forth with horses and chariots." Thus Homer speaks; and he also mentions its wealth: "nor all that is brought to Egyptian Thebes, where the greatest wealth lies in the houses." And other writers also say similar things, making this the metropolis of Egypt; and even now traces of its size are shown for a length of eighty stadia.
ἔστι δʼ ἱερὰ πλείω. καὶ τούτων δὲ τὰ πολλὰ ἠκρωτηρίασε Καμβύσης·
There are several temples, but Cambyses mutilated most of these.
νυνὶ δὲ κωμηδὸν συνοικεῖται, μέρος μέν τι ἐν τῇ Ἀραβίᾳ ἐν ᾗπερ ἡ πόλις, μέρος δέ τι καὶ ἐν τῇ περαίᾳ ὅπου τὸ Μεμνόνιον·
Now it is inhabited in the manner of villages, part of it being in Arabia where the city actually is, and part on the opposite bank where the Memnonium is.
ἐνταῦθα δὲ δυεῖν κολοσσῶν ὄντων μονολίθων ἀλλήλων πλησίον, ὁ μὲν σώζεται, τοῦ δʼ ἑτέρου τὰ ἄνω μέρη τὰ ἀπὸ τῆς καθέδρας πέπτωκε σεισμοῦ γενηθέντος, ὥς φασι.
Here, where there are two monolithic colossi near each other, one is preserved, but the upper parts of the other from the seat have fallen, owing to an earthquake, as they say.
πεπίστευται δʼ ὅτι ἅπαξ καθʼ ἡμέραν ἑκάστην ψόφος ὡς ἂν πληγῆς οὐ μεγάλης ἀποτελεῖται ἀπὸ τοῦ μένοντος ἐν τῷ θρόνῳ καὶ τῇ βάσει μέρους·
It is believed that once every day a noise, as of a slight blow, is produced from the part remaining on the throne and the base.
κἀγὼ δὲ παρὼν ἐπὶ τῶν τόπων μετὰ Γάλλου Αἰλίου καὶ τοῦ πλήθους τῶν συνόντων αὐτῷ φίλων τε καὶ στρατιωτῶν περὶ ὥραν πρώτην ἤκουσα τοῦ ψόφου· εἴτε δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς βάσεως εἴτε ἀπὸ τοῦ κολοσσοῦ εἴτʼ ἐπίτηδες τῶν κύκλῳ καὶ περὶ τὴν βάσιν ἱδρυμένων τινὸς ποιήσαντος τὸν ψόφον, οὐκ ἔχω διισχυρίσασθαι· διὰ γὰρ τὸ ἄδηλον τῆς αἰτίας πᾶν μᾶλλον ἐπέρχεται πιστεύειν ἢ τὸ ἐκ τῶν λίθων οὕτω τεταγμένων ἐκπέμπεσθαι τὸν ἦχον.
I too, being present at the place with Aelius Gallus and the crowd of friends and soldiers who accompanied him, heard the noise about the first hour; but whether it came from the base or from the colossus, or whether one of those standing around and near the base purposely made the noise, I cannot confidently assert; for on account of the uncertainty of the cause, one is inclined to believe anything rather than that the sound is emitted from stones thus arranged.
ὑπὲρ δὲ τοῦ Μεμνονίου θῆκαι βασιλέων ἐν σπηλαίοις λατομηταὶ περὶ τετταράκοντα, θαυμαστῶς κατεσκευασμέναι καὶ θέας ἄξιαι·
Above the Memnonium are about forty tombs of kings cut in caves, wonderfully constructed and worthy of a visit.
ἐν δὲ ταῖς Θήβαις ἐπί τινων ὀβελίσκων ἀναγραφαὶ δηλοῦσαι τὸν πλοῦτον τῶν τότε βασιλέων καὶ τὴν ἐπικράτειαν, ὡς μέχρι Σκυθῶν καὶ Βακτρίων καὶ Ἰνδῶν καὶ τῆς νῦν Ἰωνίας διατείνασαν, καὶ φόρων πλῆθος καὶ στρατιᾶς περὶ ἑκατὸν μυριάδας.
And in Thebes, on certain obelisks, there are inscriptions showing the wealth of the kings of that time and their dominion, as extending as far as the Scythians, Bactrians, Indians, and the present Ionia, and the amount of tributes, and an army of about one million men.
λέγονται δὲ καὶ ἀστρονόμοι καὶ φιλόσοφοι μάλιστα οἱ ἐνταῦθα ἱερεῖς· τούτων δʼ ἐστὶ καὶ τὸ τὰς ἡμέρας μὴ κατὰ σελήνην ἄγειν ἀλλὰ κατὰ ἥλιον, τοῖς τριακονθημέροις δώδεκα μησὶν ἐπαγόντων πέντε ἡμέρας κατʼ ἐνιαυτὸν ἕκαστον·
The priests there are said to be especially astronomers and philosophers; and to them belongs also the practice of reckoning the days not by the moon but by the sun, adding five days to the twelve months of thirty days each year.
εἰς δὲ τὴν ἐκπλήρωσιν τοῦ ὅλου ἐνιαυτοῦ, ἐπιτρέχοντος μορίου τινὸς τῆς ἡμέρας, περίοδόν τινα συντιθέασιν ἐξ ὅλων ἡμερῶν καὶ ὅλων ἐνιαυτῶν τοσούτων ὅσα μόρια τὰ ἐπιτρέχοντα συνελθόντα ποιεῖ ἡμέραν.
And for the completion of the whole year, since a certain fraction of a day runs over, they compose a certain period out of as many whole days and whole years as the running-over fractions, when combined, make a day.
ἀνατιθέασι δὲ τῷ Ἑρμῇ πᾶσαν τὴν τοιαύτην μάλιστα σοφίαν·
They attribute all such wisdom especially to Hermes.
τῷ δὲ Διὶ ὃν μάλιστα τιμῶσιν, εὐειδεστάτη καὶ γένους λαμπροτάτου παρθένος ἱερᾶται, ἃς καλοῦσιν οἱ Ἕλληνες παλλάδας· αὕτη δὲ καὶ παλλακεύει καὶ σύνεστιν οἷς βούλεται μέχρι ἂν ἡ φυσικὴ γένηται κάθαρσις τοῦ σώματος· μετὰ δὲ τὴν κάθαρσιν δίδοται πρὸς ἄνδρα, πρὶν δὲ δοθῆναι πένθος αὐτῆς ἄγεται μετὰ τὸν τῆς παλλακείας καιρόν.
And to Zeus, whom they honor most, a virgin of greatest beauty and most illustrious family is consecrated, whom the Greeks call Pallas; and she acts as a sacred prostitute and cohabits with whomsoever she wishes until the natural purification of her body takes place; and after the purification she is given to a husband, but before she is given, mourning is observed for her after the time of her prostitution.