§17.1.29Ἐν δὲ τῇ Ἡλίου πόλει καὶ οἴκους εἴδομεν μεγάλους ἐν οἷς διέτριβον οἱ ἱερεῖς· μάλιστα γὰρ δὴ ταύτην κατοικίαν ἱερέων γεγονέναι φασὶ τὸ παλαιὸν φιλοσόφων ἀνδρῶν καὶ ἀστρονομικῶν· ἐκλέλοιπε δὲ καὶ τοῦτο νυνὶ τὸ σύστημα καὶ ἡ ἄσκησις.
In Heliopolis we also saw large houses in which the priests used to live; for they say that in ancient times this was especially the settlement of priests who were philosophers and astronomers; but this system and training have now ceased.
ἐκεῖ μὲν οὖν οὐδεὶς ἡμῖν ἐδείκνυτο τῆς τοιαύτης ἀσκήσεως προεστώς, ἀλλʼ οἱ ἱεροποιοὶ μόνον καὶ ἐξηγηταὶ τοῖς ξένοις τῶν περὶ τὰ ἱερά.
There, at any rate, no one was pointed out to us as presiding over such training, but only the sacrificial priests and the guides who explain the matters of the temple to strangers.
παρηκολούθει δέ τις ἐξ Ἀλεξανδρείας ἀναπλέοντι εἰς τὴν Αἴγυπτον Αἰλίῳ Γάλλῳ τῷ ἡγεμόνι Χαιρήμων τοὔνομα, προσποιούμενος τοιαύτην τινὰ ἐπιστήμην, γελώμενος δὲ τὸ πλέον ὡς ἀλαζὼν καὶ ἰδιώτης·
Now a certain Chæremon by name accompanied the prefect Ælius Gallus on his voyage up from Alexandria into Egypt, pretending to possess some such knowledge, but he was mostly laughed at as a braggart and an ignoramus.
ἐκεῖ δʼ οὖν ἐδείκνυντο οἵ τε τῶν ἱερέων οἶκοι καὶ Πλάτωνος καὶ Εὐδόξου διατριβαί.
There, at all events, were pointed out the houses of the priests and the lodgings of Plato and Eudoxus.
συνανέβη γὰρ δὴ τῷ Πλάτωνι ὁ Εὔδοξος δεῦρο, καὶ συνδιέτριψαν τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν ἐνταῦθα ἐκεῖνοι τρισκαίδεκα ἔτη, ὡς εἴρηταί τισι· περιττοὺς γὰρ ὄντας κατὰ τὴν ἐπιστήμην τῶν οὐρανίων, μυστικοὺς δὲ καὶ δυσμεταδότους, τῷ χρόνῳ καὶ ταῖς θεραπείαις ἐξελιπάρησαν ὥστε τινὰ τῶν θεωρημάτων ἱστορῆσαι· τὰ πολλὰ δὲ ἀπεκρύψαντο οἱ βάρβαροι.
For Eudoxus went up hither with Plato, and they spent thirteen years there with the priests, as has been stated by some writers; for since these priests were eminent in their knowledge of the heavenly bodies, but secretive and slow to share it, Eudoxus and Plato prevailed upon them by time and obsequious attention to let them learn some of their principles, though the barbarians concealed most of them.
οὗτοι δὲ τὰ ἐπιτρέχοντα τῆς ἡμέρας καὶ τῆς νυκτὸς μόρια ταῖς τριακοσίαις ἑξήκοντα πέντε ἡμέραις εἰς τὴν ἐκπλήρωσιν τοῦ ἐνιαυσίου χρόνου παρέδοσαν·
These priests, however, imparted to them the fractions of the day and night which, in addition to the three hundred and sixty-five days, go to make up the full year.
ἀλλʼ ἠγνοεῖτο τέως ὁ ἐνιαυτὸς παρὰ τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ὡς καὶ ἄλλα πλείω, ἕως οἱ νεώτεροι ἀστρολόγοι παρέλαβον παρὰ τῶν μεθερμηνευσάντων εἰς τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν τὰ τῶν ἱερέων ὑπομνήματα· καὶ ἔτι νῦν παραλαμβάνουσι τὰ ἀπʼ ἐκείνων, ὁμοίως καὶ τὰ τῶν Χαλδαίων. §17.1.30Ἐντεῦθεν δὴ ὁ Νεῖλός ἐστιν ὁ ὑπὲρ τοῦ Δέλτα·
But the true length of the year was unknown to the Greeks until then, as were many other things, until the later astronomers obtained this knowledge from those who translated the memoirs of the priests into the Greek language; and even now they still draw on those records, just as they do on those of the Chaldæans. From here on the Nile is above the Delta.
τούτου δὴ τὰ μὲν δεξιὰ καλοῦσι Λιβύην ἀναπλέοντι, ὥσπερ καὶ τὰ περὶ τὴν Ἀλεξάνδρειαν καὶ τὴν Μαρεῶτιν, τὰ δʼ ἐν ἀριστερᾷ Ἀραβίαν.
The parts of it on the right as one sails up are called Libya, just as are those near Alexandria and Mareotis, and the parts on the left are called Arabia.
ἡ μὲν οὖν Ἡλίου πόλις ἐν τῇ Ἀραβίᾳ ἐστίν, ἐν δὲ τῇ Λιβύῃ Κερκέσουρα πόλις κατὰ τὰς Εὐδόξου κειμένη σκοπάς· δείκνυται γὰρ σκοπή τις πρὸ τῆς Ἡλίου πόλεως, καθάπερ καὶ πρὸ τῆς Κνίδου, πρὸς ἣν ἐσημειοῦτο ἐκεῖνος τῶν οὐρανίων τινὰς κινήσεις· ὁ δὲ νομὸς Λητοπολίτης οὗτος.
Now Heliopolis is in Arabia, and on the Libya side is the city of Cercesura, lying near the observatories of Eudoxus; for an observatory is shown in front of Heliopolis, just as in front of Cnidus, in relation to which Eudoxus marked certain movements of the heavenly bodies; and this is the Letopolite nome.
ἀναπλεύσαντι δʼ ἐστὶ Βαβυλών, φρούριον ἐρυμνόν, ἀποστάντων ἐνταῦθα Βαβυλωνίων τινῶν, εἶτα διαπραξαμένων ἐνταῦθα κατοικίαν παρὰ τῶν βασιλέων· νυνὶ δʼ ἐστὶ στρατόπεδον ἑνὸς τῶν τριῶν ταγμάτων τῶν φρουρούντων τὴν Αἴγυπτον·
As one sails further up there is Babylon, a strong fortress, founded by certain Babylonians who had revolted and then obtained from the kings permission to establish a settlement here; but now it is the encampment of one of the three legions that guard Egypt.
ῥάχις δʼ ἐστὶν ἀπὸ τοῦ στρατοπέδου καὶ μέχρι Νείλου καθήκουσα, διʼ ἧς ἀπὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ τροχοὶ καὶ κοχλίαι τὸ ὕδωρ ἀνάγουσιν, ἀνδρῶν ἑκατὸν πεντήκοντα ἐργαζομένων δεσμίων· ἀφορῶνται δʼ ἐνθένδε τηλαυγῶς αἱ πυραμίδες ἐν τῇ περαίᾳ ἐν Μέμφει καὶ εἰσὶ πλησίον. §17.1.31Ἐγγὺς δὲ καὶ ἡ Μέμφις αὐτὴ τὸ βασίλειον τῶν Αἰγυπτίων· ἔστι γὰρ ἀπὸ τοῦ Δέλτα τρίσχοινον εἰς αὐτήν·
There is a ridge extending from the encampment down to the Nile, through which water-wheels and Archimedean screws bring up the water from the river, one hundred and fifty prisoners being employed in the work; and from here the pyramids on the opposite side at Memphis can be clearly seen, and they are near. Near at hand is Memphis itself, the royal residence of the Egyptians; for it is three schœni from the Delta to it.
ἔχει δὲ ἱερά, τό τε τοῦ Ἄπιδος ὅς ἐστιν ὁ αὐτὸς καὶ Ὄσιρις, ὅπου ὁ βοῦς ὁ Ἆπις ἐν σηκῷ τινι τρέφεται, θεὸς ὡς ἔφην νομιζόμενος, διάλευκος τὸ μέτωπον καὶ ἄλλα τινὰ μικρὰ τοῦ σώματος, τἆλλα δὲ μέλας· οἷς σημείοις ἀεὶ κρίνουσι τὸν ἐπιτήδειον εἰς τὴν διαδοχήν, ἀπογενομένου τοῦ τὴν τιμὴν ἔχοντος.
It contains temples, especially that of Apis, who is the same as Osiris; here the bull Apis is kept in a certain enclosure, being regarded, as I said, as a god; he is white on the forehead and on some other small parts of his body, but elsewhere black; and by these marks they always judge which bull is the proper one to succeed to the honor, when the one who holds it dies.
ἔστι δʼ αὐλὴ προκειμένη τοῦ σηκοῦ, ἐν ᾗ καὶ ἄλλος σηκὸς τῆς μητρὸς τοῦ βοός·
In front of the enclosure lies a court, in which there is another enclosure for the mother of the bull.
εἰς ταύτην δὲ τὴν αὐλὴν ἐξαφιᾶσι τὸν Ἆπιν καθʼ ὥραν τινὰ καὶ μάλιστα πρὸς ἐπίδειξιν τοῖς ξένοις· ὁρῶσι μὲν γὰρ καὶ διὰ θυρίδος ἐν τῷ σηκῷ, βούλονται δὲ καὶ ἔξω· ἀποσκιρτήσαντα δʼ ἐν αὐτῇ μικρὰ ἀναλαμβάνουσι πάλιν εἰς τὴν οἰκείαν στάσιν.
Into this court they let Apis loose at a certain hour, especially for exhibition to strangers; for, though people can see him through a window in his enclosure, they wish to see him outside also; and when he has skipped about a little in the court they take him back again to his own proper stall.
τό τε δὴ τοῦ Ἄπιδός ἐστιν ἱερὸν παρακείμενον τῷ Ἡφαιστείῳ καὶ αὐτὸ τὸ Ἡφαίστειον πολυτελῶς κατεσκευασμένον ναοῦ τε μεγέθει καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις.
Now the temple of Apis lies adjacent to the temple of Hephæstus, and the temple of Hephæstus itself is sumptuously constructed, both as regards the size of the temple and in other respects.
πρόκειται δʼ ἐν τῷ δρόμῳ καὶ μονόλιθος κολοσσός·
In front of the dromos stands a colossal statue of a single stone.
ἔθος δʼ ἐστὶν ἐν τῷ δρόμῳ τούτῳ ταύρων ἀγῶνας συντελεῖσθαι πρὸς ἀλλήλους, οὓς ἐπίτηδες τρέφουσί τινες, ὥσπερ οἱ ἱπποτρόφοι· συμβάλλουσι γὰρ εἰς μάχην ἀφέντες, ὁ δὲ κρείττων νομισθεὶς ἄθλου τυγχάνει.
In this dromos it is the custom to hold combats of bulls against one another, which certain persons breed for this purpose, just as horse-breeders do; for they let them loose to fight, and the one judged the stronger wins a prize.
ἔστι δʼ ἐν Μέμφει καὶ Ἀφροδίτης ἱερόν, θεᾶς Ἑλληνίδος νομιζομένης· τινὲς δὲ Σελήνης ἱερὸν εἶναί φασιν.
In Memphis there is also a temple of Aphrodite, who is regarded as a Greek goddess; but some say it is a temple of Selene.