§17.1.1Ἐπεὶ δὲ τὴν Ἀραβίαν ἐφοδεύοντες καὶ τοὺς κόλπους συμπεριελάβομεν τοὺς σφίγγοντας αὐτὴν καὶ ποιοῦντας χερρόνησον, τὸν Περσικὸν καὶ τὸν Ἀράβιον, τούτῳ δέ τινα συμπεριωδεύθη καὶ τῆς Αἰγύπτου καὶ τῆς Αἰθιοπίας, τὰ τῶν Τρωγλοδυτῶν καὶ τῶν ἑξῆς μέχρι τῶν ἐσχάτων τῆς κινναμωμοφόρου· τὰ λειπόμενα καὶ συνεχῆ τοῖς ἔθνεσι τούτοις, ταῦτα δʼ ἐστὶ τὰ περὶ τὸν Νεῖλον, ἐκθετέον·
Since in making our tour of Arabia we have included also the gulfs which squeeze it and make it a peninsula, namely the Persian and the Arabian, and since along with this some parts of Egypt and Ethiopia have been toured as well—namely, the territory of the Troglodytes and the country succeeding them up to the extremes of the cinnamon-bearing land—we must now set forth the remaining parts adjacent to these nations, and these are the regions around the Nile.
μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα τὴν Λιβύην ἔπιμεν, ἥπερ ἐστὶ λοιπὴ τῆς συμπάσης γεωγραφίας.
After this we shall go on to Libya, which is the remainder of the whole Geography.
κἀνταῦθα δʼ Ἐρατοσθένους ἀποφάσεις προεκθετέον.
Here too we must first set forth the statements of Eratosthenes.
§17.1.2φησὶ δὴ τοῦ Ἀραβίου κόλπου πρὸς τὴν ἑσπέραν χιλίους σταδίους διέχειν τὸν Νεῖλον, παραπλήσιον ὄντα τῷ γράμματι τῷ Ν κειμένῳ ἀνάπαλιν.
He says, indeed, that the Nile is distant one thousand stadia to the west of the Arabian Gulf, and is very similar to the letter N written backwards.
ῥυεὶς γάρ, φησίν, ἀπὸ Μερόης ἐπὶ τὰς ἄρκτους ὡς δισχιλίους καὶ ἑπτακοσίους σταδίους, πάλιν ἀναστρέφει πρὸς μεσημβρίαν καὶ τὴν χειμερινὴν δύσιν ὡς τρισχιλίους καὶ ἑπτακοσίους σταδίους, καὶ σχεδόν ἀντάρας τοῖς κατὰ Μερόην τόποις καὶ εἰς τὴν Λιβύην πολὺ προπεσὼν καὶ τὴν ἑτέραν ἐπιστροφὴν ποιησάμενος πρὸς τὰς ἄρκτους φέρεται πεντακισχιλίους μὲν καὶ τριακοσίους σταδίους ἐπὶ τὸν μέγαν καταράκτην μικρὸν παρεπιστρέφων πρὸς τὴν ἕω, χιλίους δὲ καὶ διακοσίους τοὺς ἐπὶ τὸν ἐλάττω τὸν κατὰ Συήνην, πεντακισχιλίους δὲ ἄλλους καὶ τριακοσίους ἐπὶ τὴν θάλατταν.
For after flowing, he says, from Meroe towards the north about two thousand seven hundred stadia, it turns back again towards the south and the winter sunset (south-west) about three thousand seven hundred stadia, and having almost reached the same latitude as the regions about Meroe, and having pushed far into Libya, and having made its second turn towards the north, it is carried five thousand three hundred stadia to the Great Cataract, turning slightly towards the east, and twelve hundred stadia to the smaller cataract at Syene, and another five thousand three hundred to the sea.
ἐμβάλλουσι δʼ εἰς αὐτὸν δύο ποταμοί, φερόμενοι μὲν ἔκ τινων λιμνῶν ἀπὸ τῆς ἕω, περιλαμβάνοντες δὲ νῆσον εὐμεγέθη τὴν Μερόην· ὧν ὁ μὲν Ἀσταβόρας καλεῖται κατὰ τὸ πρὸς ἕω πλευρὸν ῥέων, ἅτερος δʼ Ἀστάπους·
And two rivers empty into it, which flow from certain lakes in the east and enclose Meroe, a very large island; one of these is called Astaboras, flowing along the eastern side, and the other Astapus.
οἱ δʼ Ἀστασόβαν καλοῦσι, τὸν δʼ Ἀστάπουν ἄλλον εἶναι, ῥέοντα ἔκ τινων λιμνῶν ἀπὸ μεσημβρίας καὶ σχεδόν τὸ κατʼ εὐθεῖαν σῶμα τοῦ Νείλου τοῦτον ποιεῖν· τὴν δὲ πλήρωσιν αὐτοῦ τοὺς θερινοὺς ὄμβρους παρασκευάζειν.
But some call this one Astasobas, and say that the Astapus is another river which flows from certain lakes in the south and forms almost the straight body of the Nile, and that the summer rains cause its rise.
ὑπὲρ δὲ τὰς συμβολὰς τοῦ Ἀσταβόρα καὶ τοῦ Νείλου σταδίοις ἑπτακοσίοις Μερόην εἶναι πόλιν ὁμώνυμον τῇ νήσῳ· ἄλλην δʼ εἶναι νῆσον ὑπὲρ τῆς Μερόης, ἣν ἔχουσιν οἱ Αἰγυπτίων φυγάδες οἱ ἀποστάντες ἀπὸ Ψαμμιτίχου, καλοῦνται δὲ Σεμβρῖται, ὡς ἂν ἐπήλυδες· βασιλεύονται δὲ ὑπὸ γυναικός, ὑπακούουσι δὲ τῶν ἐν Μερόῃ.
And seven hundred stadia above the junction of the Astaboras and the Nile is the city of Meroe, homonymous with the island; and there is another island above Meroe, which is held by the Egyptian fugitives who revolted from Psammitichus, and they are called Sembritae, as though they were refugees; they are ruled by a woman, but they obey those in Meroe.
τὰ δὲ κατωτέρω ἑκατέρωθεν Μερόης παρὰ μὲν τὸν Νεῖλον πρὸς τὴν Ἐρυθρὰν Μεγάβαροι καὶ Βλέμμυες, Αἰθιόπων ὑπακούοντες, Αἰγυπτίοις δʼ ὅμοροι· παρὰ θάλατταν δὲ Τρωγλοδύται· διεστᾶσι δὲ εἰς δέκα ἢ δώδεκα ἡμερῶν ὁδὸν οἱ κατὰ τὴν Μερόην Τρωγλοδύται τοῦ Νείλου.
And in the lower parts on either side of Meroe, along the Nile towards the Red Sea live the Megabari and the Blemmyes, who obey the Ethiopians but are neighbours to the Egyptians; and along the sea live the Troglodytes; and those Troglodytes who are in the latitude of Meroe are distant from the Nile a journey of ten or twelve days.
ἐξ ἀριστερῶν δὲ τῆς ῥύσεως τοῦ Νείλου Νοῦβαι κατοικοῦσιν ἐν τῇ Λιβύῃ, μέγα ἔθνος, ἀπὸ τῆς Μερόης ἀρξάμενοι μέχρι τῶν ἀγκώνων, οὐχ ὑποταττόμενοι τοῖς Αἰθίοψιν, ἀλλʼ ἰδίᾳ κατὰ πλείους βασιλείας διειλημμένοι.
And on the left of the flow of the Nile, Nubae dwell in Libya, a great nation, starting from Meroe as far as the bends, not subject to the Ethiopians, but divided individually under several kingdoms.
τῆς δʼ Αἰγύπτου τὸ παρὰ τὴν θάλαττάν ἐστιν ἀπὸ τοῦ Πηλουσιακοῦ στόματος πρὸς τὸ Κανωβικὸν στάδιοι χίλιοι τριακόσιοι.
Of Egypt, the part along the sea from the Pelusiac mouth to the Canobic is one thousand three hundred stadia.