§16.4.24συνέβαινε δὲ τοῦτο τοῦ μὲν βασιλέως τοῦ Ὀβόδα μὴ πολὺ φροντίζοντος τῶν κοινῶν καὶ μάλιστα τῶν κατὰ πόλεμον (κοινὸν δὲ τοῦτο πᾶσι τοῖς Ἀράβων βασιλεῦσιν), ἅπαντα δὲ ἐπὶ τῇ τοῦ ἐπιτρόπου ποιουμένου τοῦ Συλλαίου·
This happened because King Obodas did not care much for public affairs, and especially for those of war (a trait common to all Arab kings), but left everything to the control of his regent Syllaeus.
τούτου δʼ ἅπαντα δόλῳ στρατηγοῦντος καὶ ζητοῦντος, ὡς οἶμαι, κατοπτεῦσαι μὲν τὴν χώραν καὶ συνεξελεῖν τινας αὐτῶν πόλεις καὶ ἔθνη μετὰ τῶν Ῥωμαίων, αὐτὸν δὲ καταστῆναι κύριον ἁπάντων, ἀφανισθέντων ἐκείνων ὑπὸ λιμοῦ καὶ κόπου καὶ νόσων καὶ ἄλλων ὅσων δόλῳ παρεσκεύασεν ἐκεῖνος·
The latter conducted the whole campaign with treachery, seeking, as I believe, to reconnoitre the country and to help the Romans destroy some of its cities and tribes, and then to establish himself as master of all, after they (the Romans) had been ruined by famine, fatigue, disease, and all the other evils he had treacherously prepared.
εἰς γοῦν τὴν Λευκὴν κώμην κατῆρεν, ἤδη στομακάκκῃ τε καὶ σκελοτύρβῃ πειραζομένης τῆς στρατιᾶς, ἐπιχωρίοις πάθεσι, τῶν μὲν περὶ τὸ στόμα τῶν δὲ περὶ τὰ σκέλη παράλυσίν τινα δηλούντων ἔκ τε τῶν ὑδρείων καὶ βοτανῶν.
At any rate, Gallus put in at Leuke Kome, when the army was already afflicted with stomacace and scelotyrbe, diseases peculiar to the country, the former showing a kind of paralysis about the mouth, and the latter about the legs, caused by the water and the plants.
ἠναγκάσθη γοῦν τό τε θέρος καὶ τὸν χειμῶνα διατελέσαι αὐτόθι τοὺς ἀσθενοῦντας ἀνακτώμενος.
He was therefore compelled to spend both the summer and the winter there, recovering the sick.
ἐκ μὲν οὖν τῆς Λευκῆς κώμης εἰς Πέτραν, ἐντεῦθεν δʼ εἰς Ῥινοκόλουρα τῆς πρὸς Αἰγύπτῳ Φοινίκης τὰ φορτία κομίζεται κἀντεῦθεν εἰς τοὺς ἄλλους, νυνὶ δὲ τὸ πλέον εἰς τὴν Ἀλεξάνδρειαν τῷ Νείλῳ·
Now, from Leuke Kome the cargoes are conveyed to Petra, and thence to Rhinocolura in Phoenicia near Egypt, and thence to the other nations, but at present most of them are carried down the Nile to Alexandria.
κατάγεται δʼ ἐκ τῆς Ἀραβίας καὶ τῆς Ἰνδικῆς εἰς Μυὸς ὅρμον· εἶθʼ ὑπέρθεσις εἰς Κοπτὸν τῆς Θηβαΐδος καμήλοις ἐν διώρυγι τοῦ Νείλου κειμένην· εἰς Ἀλεξάνδρειαν.
The merchandise is brought from Arabia and India to Myos Hormos; then it is transported on camels to Coptos in the Thebaid, which lies on a canal of the Nile; thence to Alexandria.
πάλιν ἐκ τῆς Λευκῆς κώμης ὁ Γάλλος ἀναζεύξας τὴν στρατιὰν διὰ τοιούτων ᾔει χωρίων ὥστε καὶ ὕδωρ καμήλοις κομίζειν μοχθηρίᾳ τῶν ἡγεμόνων τῆς ὁδοῦ·
Gallus, setting out again with his army from Leuke Kome, marched through such regions that they were forced to carry even water on camels because of the wickedness of the guides.
διόπερ πολλαῖς ἡμέραις ἧκεν εἰς τὴν Ἀρέτα γῆν συγγενοῦς τῷ Ὀβόδᾳ·
Consequently, after many days he arrived at the land of Aretas, a kinsman of Obodas.
ἐδέξατο μὲν οὖν αὐτὸν Ἀρέτας φιλικῶς καὶ δῶρα προσήνεγκεν, ἡ δὲ τοῦ Συλλαίου προδοσία κἀκείνην ἐποίησε τὴν χώραν δυσπόρευτον· τριάκοντα γοῦν ἡμέραις διῆλθεν αὐτήν, ζειὰς καὶ φοίνικας ὀλίγους παρέχουσαν καὶ βούτυρον ἀντʼ ἐλαίου, διὰ τὰς ἀνοδίας·
Aretas received him friendly and offered gifts, but the treachery of Syllaeus made even that country difficult to traverse; indeed, because of the lack of roads, Gallus spent thirty days in passing through it, which yielded only spelt, a few palms, and butter instead of oil.
ἡ δʼ ἑξῆς ἣν ἐπῄει νομάδων ἦν καὶ ἔρημος τὰ πολλὰ ὡς ἀληθῶς, ἐκαλεῖτο δὲ Ἀραρηνή· βασιλεὺς δʼ ἦν Σάβως·
The next region he traversed belonged to nomads and was for the most part truly a desert; it was called Ararene, and its king was Sabos.
καὶ ταύτην ἀνοδίαις διῆλθε κατατρίψας ἡμέρας πεντήκοντα μέχρι πόλεως Νεγράνων καὶ χώρας εἰρηνικῆς τε καὶ ἀγαθῆς·
And through this land he passed by trackless paths, wasting fifty days, until he reached the city of Negrana and a peaceful and fertile land.
ὁ μὲν οὖν βασιλεὺς ἔφυγεν, ἡ δὲ πόλις ἐξ ἐφόδου κατελήφθη·
The king indeed fled, and the city was taken at the first assault.
ἐκεῖθεν ἡμέραις ἓξ ἧκεν ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόν συναψάντων δʼ αὐτόθι τῶν βαρβάρων εἰς μάχην, περὶ μυρίους αὐτῶν ἔπεσον τῶν δὲ Ῥωμαίων δύο· ἐχρῶντο γὰρ ἀπείρως τοῖς ὅπλοις ἀπόλεμοι τελέως ὄντες, τόξοις τε καὶ λόγχαις ξίφεσι καὶ σφενδόναις, οἱ πλεῖστοι δʼ αὐτῶν ἀμφιστόμοις πελέκεσιν·
From there, in six days, he came to the river. When the barbarians joined battle there, about ten thousand of them fell, but of the Romans only two; for they used their weapons without skill, being utterly unwarlike, employing bows, spears, swords, and slings, and most of them double-edged axes.
εὐθὺς δὲ καὶ τὴν πόλιν εἷλε καλουμένην Ἀσκᾶ * συλληφθεῖσαν ὑπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως.
Immediately afterward, he also took the city called Asca, which had been occupied by the king.
ἐντεῦθεν εἰς Ἄθρουλα πόλιν ἧκε, κρατήσας αὐτῆς ἀκονιτὶ φρουρὰν ἐμβαλὼν καὶ παρασκευάσας σίτου καὶ φοινίκων εἰς πόλιν Μαρίαβα προῆλθεν ἔθνους τοῦ Ῥαμμανιτῶν, οἳ ἦσαν ὑπὸ Ἰλασάρῳ.
Thence he came to the city of Athrula, and having mastered it without a struggle, he placed a garrison there, and after securing supplies of grain and palms, he advanced to the city of Mariaba, belonging to the tribe of the Rhammanitae, who were under Ilasarus.
ἓξ μὲν οὖν ἡμέρας προσβαλὼν ἐπολιόρκει, λειψυδρίας δʼ οὔσης ἀπέστη·
For six days, then, he assaulted and besieged it, but because of a lack of water, he desisted.
δύο μὲν οὖν ἡμερῶν ὁδὸν ἀπέσχε τῆς ἀρωματοφόρου, καθάπερ τῶν αἰχμαλώτων ἀκούειν ἦν.
He was only two days' journey from the spice-bearing country, as was learned from the prisoners.
ἓξ δὲ μηνῶν χρόνον ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς κατέτριψε φαύλως ἀγόμενος·
But he had wasted six months on his journeys because of bad guidance.
ἔγνω δʼ ἀναστρέφων, ὀψὲ τὴν ἐπιβουλὴν καταμαθὼν καὶ καθʼ ἑτέρας ὁδοὺς ἐπανελθών·
He resolved to return when he realized the treachery too late, and went back by other roads.
ἐναταῖος μὲν γὰρ εἰς Νέγρανα ἧκεν ὅπου ἡ μάχη συμβεβήκει, ἑνδεκαταῖος δʼ ἐκεῖθεν εἰς Ἑπτὰ φρέατα καλούμενα ἀπὸ τοῦ συμβεβηκότος·
Indeed, on the ninth day he reached Negrana, where the battle had occurred, and thence on the eleventh day he came to the place called Seven Wells, so named from the circumstance.
ἐντεῦθεν ἤδη διʼ εἰρηνικῆς εἰς Χάαλλα κώμην καὶ πάλιν ἄλλην Μαλόθαν πρὸς ποταμῷ κειμένην ἀφικνεῖται·
Thence, passing through a peaceful country, he arrived at the village of Chaalla, and again at another called Malotha, situated on a river.
εἶτα διʼ ἐρήμης ὀλίγα ὑδρεῖα ἐχούσης ὁδὸς μέχρι Ἐγρᾶς κώμης·
Then the road lay through a desert with few watering places as far as the village of Egra.
ἔστι δὲ τῆς Ὀβόδα· κεῖται δʼ ἐπὶ θαλάττης·
It belongs to Obodas and lies on the sea.
τὴν δὲ πᾶσαν ὁδὸν ἑξηκοσταῖος ἐξήνυσε κατὰ τὴν ἐπάνοδον, ἀναλώσας ἓξ μῆνας ἐν τῇ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὁδῷ·
He accomplished the whole return journey in sixty days, whereas he had spent six months on the initial outward journey.
ἐντεῦθεν δʼ ἐπεραίωσε τὴν στρατιὰν ἑνδεκαταῖος εἰς Μυὸς ὅρμον, εἶθʼ ὑπερθεὶς εἰς Κοπτὸν μετὰ τῶν σωθῆναι δυναμένων κατῆρεν εἰς Ἀλεξάνδρειαν· τοὺς δʼ ἄλλους ἀπέβαλεν, οὐχ ὑπὸ πολεμίων ἀλλὰ νόσων καὶ κόπων καὶ λιμοῦ καὶ μοχθηρίας τῶν ὁδῶν· ἐπεὶ κατὰ πόλεμον ἑπτά γε μόνους διαφθαρῆναι συνέβη, διʼ ἃς αἰτίας οὐδʼ ἐπὶ πολὺ πρὸς τὴν γνῶσιν τῶν τόπων ὤνησεν ἡ στρατεία αὕτη· μικρὰ δʼ ὅμως συνήργησεν.
From there he transported the army across in eleven days to Myos Hormos, and then, passing over to Coptos, he arrived at Alexandria with those who could be saved; but he had lost the rest, not by enemies, but by disease, fatigue, famine, and the badness of the roads; for in war only seven men happened to perish. For these reasons, this expedition did not benefit much in extending our knowledge of these places, but nevertheless it contributed some small help.
ὁ δʼ αἴτιος τούτων ὁ Συλλαῖος ἔτισε δίκας ἐν Ῥώμῃ, προσποιούμενος μὲν φιλίαν ἐλεγχθεὶς δὲ πρὸς ταύτῃ τῇ πονηρίᾳ καὶ ἄλλα κακουργῶν καὶ ἀποτμηθεὶς τὴν κεφαλήν.
Syllaeus, the cause of these things, paid the penalty in Rome; while pretending friendship, he was convicted not only of this villainy but also of other crimes, and was beheaded.