§16.1.16πάλαι μὲν οὖν ἡ Βαβυλὼν ἦν μητρόπολις τῆς Ἀσσυρίας, νῦν δὲ Σελεύκεια ἡ ἐπὶ τῷ Τίγρει λεγομένη.
In ancient times, Babylon was the metropolis of Assyria, but now Seleucia on the Tigris, as it is called, is.
πλησίον δʼ ἐστὶ κώμη Κτησιφῶν λεγομένη, μεγάλη· ταύτην δʼ ἐποιοῦντο χειμάδιον οἱ τῶν Παρθυαίων βασιλεῖς φειδόμενοι τῶν Σελευκέων, ἵνα μὴ κατασταθμεύοιντο ὑπὸ τοῦ Σκυθικοῦ φύλου καὶ στρατιωτικοῦ·
Nearby is a village called Ctesiphon, which is large; and the kings of the Parthians used to make this their winter quarters, sparing the Seleucians, so that they might not be quartered upon by the Scythian and military folk.
δυνάμει οὖν Παρθικῇ πόλις ἀντὶ κώμης ἐστὶ * καὶ τὸ μέγεθος, τοσοῦτόν γε πλῆθος δεχομένη καὶ τὴν κατασκευὴν ὑπʼ ἐκείνων αὐτῶν κατεσκευασμένη καὶ τὰ ὤνια καὶ τὰς τέχνας προσφόρους ἐκείνοις πεπορισμένη.
Thus, by Parthian power, it is a city instead of a village, and also in size, receiving so great a multitude, and having its buildings constructed by those people themselves, and having provided merchandise and crafts suitable for them.
εἰώθασι γὰρ ἐνταῦθα τοῦ χειμῶνος διάγειν οἱ βασιλεῖς διὰ τὸ εὐάερον· θέρους δὲ ἐν Ἐκβατάνοις καὶ τῇ Ὑρκανίᾳ διὰ τὴν ἐπικράτειαν τῆς παλαιᾶς δόξης.
For the kings are accustomed to spend the winter here because of the good air; but the summer in Ecbatana and Hyrcania because of the prevalence of ancient glory.
ὥσπερ δὲ Βαβυλωνίαν τὴν χώραν καλοῦμεν, οὕτω καὶ τοὺς ἄνδρας τοὺς ἐκεῖθεν Βαβυλωνίους καλοῦμεν, οὐκ ἀπὸ τῆς πόλεως, ἀλλʼ ἀπὸ τῆς χώρας· ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς Σελευκείας ἧττον, κἂν ἐκεῖθεν ὦσι, καθάπερ Διογένη τὸν στωικὸν φιλόσοφον.
And just as we call the country Babylonia, so we call the men from there Babylonians, not from the city, but from the country; but less so from Seleucia, even if they are from there, just as Diogenes the Stoic philosopher.
§16.1.17ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρτεμίτα πόλις ἀξιόλογος, διέχουσα πεντακοσίους τῆς Σελευκείας σταδίους, πρὸς ἕω τὸ πλέον, καθάπερ καὶ ἡ Σιτακηνή· καὶ γὰρ αὕτη πολλή τε καὶ ἀγαθὴ μέση Βαβυλῶνος τέτακται καὶ τῆς Σουσίδος, ὥστε τοῖς ἐκ Βαβυλῶνος εἰς Σοῦσα βαδίζουσι διὰ τῆς Σιτακηνῆς ἡ ὁδὸς ἅπασα πρὸς ἕω·
There is also Artemita, a notable city, distant five hundred stadia from Seleucia, mostly toward the east, as is also Sittacene; for indeed this latter, being extensive and fertile, is situated between Babylon and Susis, so that for those walking from Babylon to Susa, the entire road through Sittacene is toward the east.
πρὸς ἕω δʼ ἐστὶ καὶ τοῖς ἐκ Σούσων εἰς τὴν μεσόγαιαν τῆς Περσίδος διὰ τῆς Οὐξίας καὶ τοῖς ἐκ τῆς Περσίδος εἰς τὰ μέσα τῆς Καρμανίας.
And it is also toward the east for those going from Susa into the interior of Persis through Uxria, and for those from Persis to the middle of Carmania.
τὴν μὲν οὖν Καρμανίαν ἐγκυκλοῦται πρὸς ἄρκτον ἡ Περσὶς πολλὴ οὖσα· ταύτῃ δὲ συνάπτει ἡ Παραιτακηνὴ καὶ ἡ Κοσσαία μέχρι Κασπίων πυλῶν, ὀρεινὰ καὶ λῃστρικὰ ἔθνη· τῇ δὲ Σουσίδι ἡ Ἐλυμαῒς καὶ αὐτὴ τραχεῖα ἡ πολλὴ καὶ λῃστρική· τῇ δὲ Ἐλυμαΐδι τὰ περὶ τὸν Ζάγρον καὶ ἡ Μηδία.
Now, Carmania is encircled on the north by Persis, which is extensive; and Paraetacene and Cossaea as far as the Caspian Gates border on this, being mountainous and predatory tribes; and Elymais borders on Susis, which itself is for the most part rugged and predatory; and the parts around Zagros and Media border on Elymais.
§16.1.18κοσσαῖοι μὲν οὖν εἰσι τοξόται τὸ πλέον, καθάπερ καὶ οἱ συνεχεῖς ὀρεινοί, προνομεύοντες ἀεί· χώραν γὰρ ἔχουσιν ὀλίγην τε καὶ λυπρὰν ὥστʼ ἐκ τῶν ἀλλοτρίων ἀνάγκη ζῆν· ἀνάγκη δὲ καὶ ἰσχύειν· ἅπαντες γάρ εἰσι μάχιμοι·
The Cossaeans, then, are mostly archers, just like the adjacent mountaineers, always foraging; for they have a small and barren territory, so that they must of necessity live on the property of others; and they must also of necessity be strong, for all of them are warlike.
τοῖς γοῦν Ἐλυμαίοις συνεμάχουν μύριοι καὶ τρισχίλιοι πολεμοῦσι πρός τε Βαβυλωνίους καὶ Σουσίους.
At any rate, thirteen thousand of them fought as allies with the Elymaeans in their war against both the Babylonians and Susians.
οἱ δὲ Παραιτακηνοὶ μᾶλλον μὲν τῶν Κοσσαίων ἐπιμελοῦνται γῆς· ὅμως δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ λῃστηρίων οὐκ ἀπέχονται.
The Paraetaceni attend more to the cultivation of the soil than the Cossaeans; but nevertheless, they too do not abstain from robberies.
Ἐλυμαῖοι δὲ καὶ μείζω τούτων κέκτηνται χώραν καὶ ποικιλωτέραν.
The Elymaeans possess a larger and more varied country than these.
ὅση μὲν οὖν ἀγαθὴ γεωργοὺς ἔχει τοὺς ἐνοικοῦντας, ἡ δʼ ὀρεινὴ στρατιώτας τρέφει τοξότας τοὺς πλείστους· πολλὴ δὲ οὖσα πολὺ καὶ τὸ στρατιωτικὸν παρέχεται, ὥστε καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς αὐτῶν δύναμιν κεκτημένος μεγάλην οὐκ ἀξιοῖ τῷ τῶν Παρθυαίων βασιλεῖ παραπλησίως τοῖς ἄλλοις ὑπήκοος εἶναι· ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ πρὸς τοὺς Μακεδόνας πρότερον τοὺς τῆς Συρίας ἄρχοντας διέκειτο.
The part which is fertile has farmers as its inhabitants, while the mountainous part rears soldiers, mostly archers; and as it is large, it also provides a large force of soldiers, so that their king, possessing great power, does not deign to be subject to the king of the Parthians in the same manner as the others; and he was similarly disposed toward the Macedonians who formerly ruled Syria.
Ἀντίοχον μὲν οὖν τὸν μέγαν τὸ τοῦ Βήλου συλᾶν ἱερὸν ἐπιχειρήσαντα ἀνεῖλον ἐπιθέμενοι καθʼ αὑτοὺς οἱ πλησίον βάρβαροι.
At any rate, when Antiochus the Great attempted to plunder the temple of Belus, the neighboring barbarians attacked and killed him on their own account.
ἐκ δὲ τῶν ἐκείνῳ συμβάντων παιδευθεὶς ὁ Παρθυαῖος χρόνοις ὕστερον ἀκούων τὰ ἱερὰ πλούσια παρʼ αὐτοῖς, ὁρῶν δʼ ἀπειθοῦντας, ἐμβάλλει μετὰ δυνάμεως μεγάλης, καὶ τό τε τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς ἱερὸν εἷλε καὶ τὸ τῆς Ἀρτέμιδος, τὰ Ἄζαρα, καὶ ἦρε ταλάντων μυρίων γάζαν· ᾑρέθη δὲ καὶ πρὸς τῷ Ἡδυφῶντι ποταμῷ Σελεύκεια, μεγάλη πόλις· Σολόκη δʼ ἐκαλεῖτο πρότερον.
The Parthian king, being disciplined by what had happened to him, some time later, when he heard that the temples were rich among them, and seeing that they were disobedient, invaded with a large force, and took both the temple of Athena and that of Artemis, namely Azara, and carried off a treasure of ten thousand talents; and Seleucia, a large city on the Hedyphon river, was also taken; it was formerly called Soloke.
τρεῖς δʼ εἰσὶν εἰς τὴν χώραν εὐφυεῖς εἰσβολαί· ἐκ μὲν τῆς Μηδίας καὶ τῶν περὶ τὸν Ζάγρον τόπων διὰ τῆς Μασσαβατικῆς, ἐκ δὲ τῆς Σουσίδος διὰ τῆς Γαβιανῆς (ἐπαρχίαι δʼ εἰσὶν αὗται τῆς Ἐλυμαίας ἥ τε Γαβιανὴ καὶ ἡ Μασσαβατική), τρίτη δʼ ἐστὶν ἡ ἐκ τῆς Περσίδος.
And there are three natural passes into the country: from Media and the parts around Zagros through Massabatice, from Susis through Gabiane (these, Gabiane and Massabatice, are provinces of Elymais), and the third is from Persis.
ἔστι δὲ καὶ Κορβιανὴ ἐπαρχία τῆς Ἐλυμαΐδος.
Corbiane is also a province of Elymais.
ὅμοροι δʼ εἰσὶ τούτοις Σαγαπηνοί τε καὶ Σιλακηνοί, δυναστεῖαι μικραί.
Adjacent to these are the Sagapeni and Silaceni, small principalities.
τοσαῦτα μὲν καὶ τοιαῦτα ἔθνη πρὸς ἕω τὰ ὑπερκείμενα τῆς Βαβυλωνίας.
Such and so many are the tribes situated above Babylonia toward the east.
πρὸς ἄρκτον δὲ τὴν Μηδίαν ἔφαμεν καὶ τὴν Ἀρμενίαν· ἀπὸ δὲ δύσεώς ἐστιν ἡ Ἀδιαβηνὴ καὶ ἡ Μεσοποταμία.
To the north we said were Media and Armenia; and to the west are Adiabene and Mesopotamia.