§16.1.1τῇ δὲ Περσίδι καὶ τῇ Σουσιανῇ συνάπτουσιν οἱ Ἀσσύριοι· καλοῦσι δʼ οὕτω τὴν Βαβυλωνίαν καὶ πολλὴν τῆς κύκλῳ γῆς, ἧς ἐν μέρει καὶ ἡ Ἀτουρία ἐστίν, ἐν ᾗπερ ἡ Νίνος καὶ ἡ Ἀπολλωνιᾶτις καὶ Ἐλυμαῖοι καὶ Παραιτάκαι καὶ ἡ περὶ τὸ Ζάγρον ὄρος Χαλωνῖτις καὶ τὰ περὶ τὴν Νίνον πεδία, Δολομηνή τε καὶ Καλαχηνὴ καὶ Χαζήνη καὶ Ἀδιαβηνή, καὶ τὰ τῆς Μεσοποταμίας ἔθνη τὰ περὶ Γορδυαίους καὶ τοὺς περὶ Νίσιβιν Μυγδόνας μέχρι τοῦ Ζεύγματος τοῦ κατὰ τὸν Εὐφράτην καὶ τῆς πέραν τοῦ Εὐφράτου πολλὴ ἣν Ἄραβες κατέχουσι, καὶ οἱ ἰδίως ὑπὸ τῶν νῦν λεγόμενοι Σύροι μέχρι Κιλίκων καὶ Φοινίκων καὶ Ἰουδαίων καὶ τῆς θαλάττης τῆς κατὰ τὸ Αἰγύπτιον πέλαγος καὶ τὸν Ἰσσικὸν κόλπον.
Assyria borders on Persis and Susiana; and they call by this name Babylonia and much of the surrounding land, of which Aturia also is a part, in which very place is Ninus, as well as Apolloniatis, the Elymaei, the Paraetacae, Chalonitis around Mount Zagrus, the plains around Ninus, namely Dolomene, Calachene, Chazene, and Adiabene, and the Mesopotamian tribes around the Gordyaei and the Mygdones around Nisibis as far as the Zeugma on the Euphrates, and much of the region beyond the Euphrates occupied by the Arabs, and those who are specifically called Syrians by the people of today, extending as far as the Cilicians, Phoenicians, Jews, and the sea by the Egyptian gulf and the Issic gulf.
§16.1.2δοκεῖ δὲ τὸ τῶν Σύρων ὄνομα διατεῖναι ἀπὸ μὲν τῆς Βαβυλωνίας μέχρι τοῦ Ἰσσικοῦ κόλπου, ἀπὸ δὲ τούτου μέχρι τοῦ Εὐξείνου τὸ παλαιόν.
And it seems that the name of the Syrians extended from Babylonia as far as the Issic gulf, and in ancient times from this gulf as far as the Euxine.
οἱ γοῦν Καππάδοκες ἀμφότεροι, οἵ τε πρὸς τῷ Ταύρῳ καὶ οἱ πρὸς τῷ Πόντῳ, μέχρι νῦν Λευκόσυροι καλοῦνται, ὡς ἂν ὄντων τινῶν Σύρων καὶ μελάνων· οὗτοι δʼ εἰσὶν οἱ ἐκτὸς τοῦ Ταύρου· λέγω δὲ Ταῦρον μέχρι τοῦ Ἀμανοῦ διατείνων τοὔνομα.
At any rate, both classes of Cappadocians, those near the Taurus and those near the Pontus, are called "White Syrians" to this day, as if there were also some black Syrians; and these latter are the ones outside the Taurus—and I say Taurus extending the name as far as Amanus.
οἱ δʼ ἱστοροῦντες τὴν Σύρων ἀρχὴν ὅταν φῶσι Μήδους μὲν ὑπὸ Περσῶν καταλυθῆναι Σύρους δὲ ὑπὸ Μήδων, οὐκ ἄλλους τινὰς τοὺς Σύρους λέγουσιν ἀλλὰ τοὺς ἐν Βαβυλῶνι καὶ Νίνῳ κατεσκευασμένους τὸ βασίλειον· ὧν ὁ μὲν Νίνος ἦν ὁ τὴν Νίνον ἐν τῇ Ἀτουρίᾳ κτίσας, ἡ δὲ τούτου γυνή, ἥπερ καὶ διεδέξατο τὸν ἄνδρα, Σεμίραμις, ἧς ἐστι κτίσμα ἡ Βαβυλών.
And the historians of the Syrian empire, when they say that the Medes were overthrown by the Persians and the Syrians by the Medes, mean by "Syrians" no other than those who established their royal seat in Babylon and Ninus; of whom Ninus was the founder of Ninus in Aturia, and his wife Semiramis, who succeeded her husband, was the founder of Babylon.
οὗτοι δὲ ἐκράτησαν τῆς Ἀσίας, καὶ τῆς Σεμιράμιδος χωρὶς τῶν ἐν Βαβυλῶνι ἔργων πολλὰ καὶ ἄλλα κατὰ πᾶσαν γῆν σχεδὸν δείκνυται ὅση τῆς ἠπείρου ταύτης ἐστί, τά τε χώματα ἃ δὴ καλοῦσι Σεμιράμιδος, καὶ τείχη καὶ ἐρυμάτων κατασκευαὶ καὶ συρίγγων τῶν ἐν αὐτοῖς καὶ ὑδρείων καὶ κλιμάκων καὶ διωρύγων ἐν ποταμοῖς καὶ λίμναις καὶ ὁδῶν καὶ γεφυρῶν.
These ruled over Asia, and apart from her works in Babylon, many other works of Semiramis are still pointed out almost throughout this entire continent, such as the mounds which they call "of Semiramis," walls, constructions of fortresses, underground passages in them, reservoirs, stairways, canals in rivers and lakes, roads, and bridges.
ἀπέλιπον δὲ τοῖς μεθʼ ἑαυτοὺς τὴν ἀρχὴν μέχρι * τῆς Σαρδαναπάλλου καὶ Ἀρβάκου· μετέστη δʼ εἰς Μήδους ὕστερον.
And they left the empire to their successors down to the time of Sardanapalus and Arbaces; and later it transferred to the Medes.
§16.1.3̔η μὲν οὖν Νίνος πόλις ἠφανίσθη παραχρῆμα μετὰ τὴν τῶν Σύρων κατάλυσιν.
Now the city of Ninus was wiped out immediately after the overthrow of the Syrians.
πολὺ δὲ μείζων ἦν τῆς Βαβυλῶνος, ἐν πεδίῳ κειμένη τῆς Ἀτουρίας· ἡ δʼ Ἀτουρία τοῖς περὶ Ἄρβηλα τόποις ὅμορός ἐστι μεταξὺ τὸν Λύκον ἔχουσα ποταμόν.
It was much larger than Babylon, situated in a plain of Aturia; and Aturia is adjacent to the districts around Arbela, having the river Lycus between them.
τὰ μὲν οὖν Ἄρβηλα τῆς Βαβυλωνίας ὑπάρχει * ἃ κατʼ αὐτήν ἐστιν· ἐν δὲ τῇ περαίᾳ τοῦ Λύκου τὰ τῆς Ἀτουρίας πεδία τῇ Νίνῳ περίκειται.
Now Arbela belongs to Babylonia, being situated on its border; and on the opposite side of the Lycus the plains of Aturia surround Ninus.
ἐν δὲ τῇ Ἀτουρίᾳ ἐστὶ Γαυγάμηλα κώμη, ἐν ᾗ συνέβη νικηθῆναι καὶ ἀποβαλεῖν τὴν ἀρχὴν Δαρεῖον.
And in Aturia is the village Gaugamela, where it happened that Darius was defeated and lost his empire.
ἔστι μὲν οὖν τόπος ἐπίσημος οὗτος καὶ τοὔνομα· μεθερμηνευθὲν γάρ ἐστι καμήλου οἶκος· ὠνόμασε δʼ οὕτω Δαρεῖος ὁ Ὑστάσπεω, κτῆμα δοὺς εἰς διατροφὴν τῇ καμήλῳ τῇ συνεκπεπονηκυίᾳ μάλιστα τὴν ὁδὸν τὴν διὰ τῆς ἐρήμου Σκυθίας μετὰ τῶν φορτίων, ἐν οἷς ἦν καὶ ἡ διατροφὴ τῷ βασιλεῖ.
Now this place is famous, as well as its name; for when translated, it means "Camel's House"; and Darius, the son of Hystaspes, named it so, giving it as a possession for the maintenance of the camel that had most successfully endured the journey through the desert of Scythia with the baggage, among which was also the food for the king.
οἱ μέντοι Μακεδόνες τοῦτο μὲν ὁρῶντες κώμιον εὐτελές, τὰ δὲ Ἄρβηλα κατοικίαν ἀξιόλογον, κτίσμα ὥς φασιν Ἀρβήλου τοῦ Ἀθμονέως, περὶ Ἄρβηλα τὴν μάχην καὶ νίκην κατεφήμισαν καὶ τοῖς συγγραφεῦσιν οὕτω παρέδωκαν.
The Macedonians, however, seeing that this was a paltry village, while Arbela was a notable settlement, a foundation, as they say, of Arbelus the son of Athmoneus, proclaimed that the battle and victory took place near Arbela and handed it down in this way to the historians.