§15.2.1μετὰ δὲ τὴν Ἰνδικήν ἐστιν ἡ Ἀριανή, μερὶς πρώτη τῆς ὑπὸ Πέρσαις τῆς μετὰ τὸν Ἰνδὸν ποταμὸν καὶ τῶν ἄνω σατραπειῶν τῶν ἐκτὸς τοῦ Ταύρου, τὰ μὲν νότια καὶ τὰ ἀρκτικὰ μέρη τῇ αὐτῇ θαλάττῃ καὶ τοῖς αὐτοῖς ὄρεσιν ἀφοριζομένη οἷσπερ καὶ ἡ Ἰνδική, καὶ τῷ αὐτῷ ποταμῷ τῷ Ἰνδῷ, μέσον ἔχουσα αὐτὸν ἑαυτῆς τε καὶ τῆς Ἰνδικῆς, ἐντεῦθεν δὲ πρὸς τὴν ἑσπέραν ἐκτεινομένη μέχρι τῆς ἀπὸ Κασπίων πυλῶν εἰς Καρμανίαν γραφομένης γραμμῆς, ὥστε εἶναι τετράπλευρον τὸ σχῆμα.
After India is Ariane, which is the first part of the country under the Persians that comes after the Indus River, and of the upper satrapies that are outside of the Taurus. On its southern and northern sides, it is bounded by the same sea and the same mountains as India, and on the east by the same Indus River, having it as the middle between itself and India; and from there it extends towards the west as far as the line drawn from the Caspian Gates to Carmania, so that its shape is a four-sided figure.
τὸ μὲν οὖν νότιον πλευρὸν ἀπὸ τῶν ἐκβολῶν ἄρχεται τοῦ Ἰνδοῦ καὶ τῆς Παταληνῆς, τελευτᾷ δὲ πρὸς Καρμανίαν καὶ τοῦ Περσικοῦ κόλπου τὸ στόμα, ἄκραν ἔχον ἐκκειμένην ἱκανῶς πρὸς νότον· εἶτα εἰς τὸν κόλπον λαμβάνει καμπὴν ὡς ἐπὶ τὴν Περσίδα.
Now, the southern side begins at the outlets of the Indus and Patalene, and ends at Carmania and the mouth of the Persian Gulf, having a cape that projects considerably to the south; then it takes a bend into the gulf towards Persis.
οἰκοῦσι δὲ Ἄρβιες πρῶτον, ὁμώνυμοι τῷ ποταμῷ Ἄρβει τῷ ὁρίζοντι αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν ἑξῆς Ὠριτῶν, ὅσον χιλίων σταδίων ἔχοντες παραλίαν, ὥς φησι Νέαρχος· Ἰνδῶν δʼ ἐστὶ μερὶς καὶ αὕτη·
First live the Arbies, sharing their name with the river Arbis which borders them from the neighboring Oritae, having a coastline of about one thousand stadia, as Nearchus says; and this too is a part of India.
εἶτʼ Ὠρῖται ἔθνος αὐτόνομον· τούτων δʼ ὁ παράπλους χιλίων ὀκτακοσίων, ὁ δὲ τῶν ἑξῆς Ἰχθυοφάγων ἑπτακισχίλιοι τετρακόσιοι, ὁ δὲ τῶν Καρμανίων τρισχίλιοι ἑπτακόσιοι μέχρι Περσίδος· ὥσθʼ οἱ σύμπαντες μύριοι τρισχίλιοι ἐννακόσιοι.
Then the Oritae, an autonomous nation; their coastal voyage is one thousand eight hundred stadia, and that of the following Fish-Eaters is seven thousand four hundred, and that of the Carmanians is three thousand seven hundred as far as Persis; so that the total is thirteen thousand nine hundred.
§15.2.2̔αλιτενὴς δʼ ἐστὶν ἡ τῶν Ἰχθυοφάγων καὶ ἄδενδρος ἡ πλείστη φοινίκων καὶ ἀκάνθης τινὸς καὶ μυρίκης· καὶ ὑδάτων δὲ καὶ τροφῆς ἡμέρου σπάνις·
The land of the Fish-Eaters is low-lying and for the most part destitute of trees, except for date-palms, a kind of thorn, and tamarisk; and there is a scarcity of water and cultivated food.
τοῖς δʼ ἰχθύσι χρῶνται καὶ αὐτοὶ καὶ θρέμματα καὶ τοῖς ὀμβρίοις ὕδασι καὶ ὀρυκτοῖς· καὶ τὰ κρέα δὲ τῶν θρεμμάτων ἰχθύων προσβάλλει·
Both they themselves and their cattle use fish, and rain-water and dug-water; and even the meat of their cattle tastes of fish.
οἰκήσεις δὲ ποιοῦνται τοῖς ὀστέοις τῶν κητῶν χρώμενοι καὶ κόγχοις ὀστρέων τὸ πλέον, δοκοῖς μὲν ταῖς πλευραῖς καὶ ὑπερείσμασι, θυρώμασι δὲ ταῖς σιαγόσιν· οἱ σπόνδυλοι δʼ αὐτοῖς εἰσιν ὅλμοι, ἐν οἷς πτίττουσι τοὺς ἰχθύας ἐν ἡλίῳ κατοπτήσαντες, εἶτʼ ἀρτοποιοῦνται σίτου μικρὰ καταμίξαντες·
They make their dwellings using the bones of whales and mostly shells of oysters, using the ribs for beams and supports, and the jaws for doorways; and their vertebrae are mortars, in which they pound their fish after baking them in the sun, and then make bread, mixing in a little grain.
καὶ γὰρ μύλοι αὐτοῖς εἰσι, σιδήρου μὴ ὄντος.
For they actually have mills, even though there is no iron.
καὶ τοῦτο μὲν ἧττον θαυμαστόν· καὶ γὰρ ἄλλοθεν ἐνέγκασθαι δυνατόν· ἀλλὰ πῶς ἐπικόπτουσιν ἀποτριβέντα;
And this indeed is less wonderful, for it is possible to bring them from elsewhere; but how do they recut them when they are worn away?
λίθοις μέντοι φασίν, οἷς καὶ τὰ βέλη καὶ τὰ ἀκοντίσματα πεπυρακτωμένα ἀποξύνουσι.
They say, indeed, with stones, with which they also sharpen their arrows and javelins which have been hardened by fire.
τοὺς δʼ ἰχθύας τοὺς μὲν ἐν κλιβάνοις κατοπτῶσι, τοὺς δὲ πλείστους ὠμοφαγοῦσι· περιβάλλονται δὲ δικτύοις φλοιοῦ φοινικίνου.
Some of the fish they bake in ovens, but most of them they eat raw; and they clothe themselves in nets of date-palm bark.
§15.2.3̔υπέρκειται δὲ τούτων ἡ Γεδρωσία, τῆς μὲν Ἰνδικῆς ἧττον ἔμπυρος τῆς δʼ ἄλλης Ἀσίας μᾶλλον, καὶ τοῖς καρποῖς καὶ τοῖς ὕδασιν ἐνδεὴς πλὴν θέρους, οὐ πολὺ ἀμείνων τῆς τῶν Ἰχθυοφάγων· ἀρωματοφόρος δὲ νάρδου μάλιστα καὶ σμύρνης, ὥστε τὴν Ἀλεξάνδρου στρατιὰν ὁδεύουσαν ἀντὶ ὀρόφου καὶ στρωμάτων τούτοις χρῆσθαι, εὐωδιαζομένην ἅμα καὶ ὑγιεινότερον τὸν ἀέρα ἔχουσαν παρὰ τοῦτο·
Above these lies Gedrosia, less hot than India but more so than the rest of Asia, and deficient in crops and water except in summer, being not much better than the land of the Fish-Eaters; but it is productive of aromatics, especially nard and myrrh, so that Alexander's army on its march used these instead of thatch and bedding, at once being fragranced and having healthier air because of this.
γενέσθαι δʼ αὐτοῖς θέρους τὴν ἐκ τῆς Ἰνδικῆς ἄφοδον ἐπίτηδες συνέβη· τότε γὰρ ὄμβρους ἔχειν τὴν Γεδρωσίαν καὶ ποὺς ποταμοὺς πληροῦσθαι καὶ τὰ ὑδρεῖα, χειμῶνος δʼ ἐπιλείπειν· πίπτειν δὲ τοὺς ὄμβρους ἐν τοῖς ἄνω μέρεσι τοῖς προσαρκτίοις καὶ ἐγγὺς τῶν ὀρῶν· πληρουμένων δὲ τῶν ποταμῶν καὶ τὰ πεδία τὰ πλησιάζοντα τῇ θαλάττῃ ποτίζεσθαι καὶ ὑδρείων εὐπορεῖν.
And it happened that their departure from India took place in summer on purpose; for at that time Gedrosia has rains and the rivers and reservoirs are filled, but in winter they fail; and the rains fall in the upper northern parts and near the mountains; and when the rivers are filled, the plains adjacent to the sea are also watered and reservoirs are abundant.
προέπεμψε δʼ εἰς τὴν ἔρημον μεταλλευτὰς τῶν ὑδρείων ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ τοὺς ναύσταθμα αὐτῷ καὶ τῷ στόλῳ κατασκευάσοντας.
And the king sent ahead into the desert miners for the reservoirs and those who would construct stations for himself and his fleet.
§15.2.4τριχῇ γὰρ διελὼν τὰς δυνάμεις, τῇ μὲν αὐτὸς ὥρμησε διὰ τῆς Γεδρωσίας, ἀφιστάμενος τῆς θαλάττης τὸ πλεῖστον πεντακοσίους σταδίους, ἵνʼ ἅμα καὶ τῷ ναυτικῷ τὴν παραλίαν ἐπιτηδείαν παρασκευάζοι, πολλάκις δὲ καὶ συνάπτων τῇ θαλάττῃ καίπερ ἀπόρους καὶ τραχείας ἐχούσῃ τὰς ἀκτάς· τὴν δὲ προέπεμψε μετὰ Κρατεροῦ διὰ τῆς μεσογαίας, ἅμα χειρουμένου τε τὴν Ἀριανὴν καὶ προϊόντος ἐπὶ τοὺς αὐτοὺς τόπους ἐφʼ οὓς Ἀλέξανδρος τὴν πορείαν εἶχε· τὸ δὲ ναυτικὸν Νεάρχῳ καὶ Ὀνησικρίτῳ τῷ ἀρχικυβερνήτῃ παραδοὺς ἐκέλευσεν οἰκείας στάσεως ἐπιλαμβανομένους ἐπακολουθεῖν καὶ ἀντιπαραπλεῖν αὐτοῦ τῇ πορείᾳ.
For, having divided his forces into three parts, with one part he himself set out through Gedrosia, keeping for the most part five hundred stadia away from the sea, in order that he might at the same time prepare the coast to be suitable for the navy, but often also joining the sea, although it had inaccessible and rugged shores; another part he sent ahead with Craterus through the interior, while he was subduing Ariane and advancing to the same places to which Alexander directed his march; and having delivered the navy to Nearchus and Onesicritus the chief pilot, he ordered them to follow, taking suitable stations, and to sail parallel to his march.