§14.2.17ἔπταισε δὲ καὶ αὕτη ἡ πόλις βίᾳ ληφθεῖσα ὑπὸ Ἀλεξάνδρου.
This city also suffered misfortune, having been taken by force by Alexander.
Ἑκατόμνω γὰρ τοῦ Καρῶν βασιλέως ἦσαν υἱοὶ τρεῖς, Μαύσωλος καὶ Ἱδριεὺς καὶ Πιξώδαρος, καὶ θυγατέρες δύο, ὧν τῇ πρεσβυτέρᾳ Ἀρτεμισίᾳ Μαύσωλος συνῴκησεν ὁ πρεσβύτατος τῶν ἀδελφῶν, ὁ δὲ δεύτερος Ἱδριεὺς Ἄδᾳ τῇ ἑτέρᾳ ἀδελφῇ·
For Hecatomnus, the king of the Carians, had three sons, Mausolus, Hidrieus, and Pixodarus, and two daughters, of whom Mausolus, the eldest of the brothers, married the elder daughter, Artemisia, and the second, Hidrieus, married Ada, the other sister.
ἐβασίλευσε δὲ Μαύσωλος· τελευτῶν δʼ ἄτεκνος τὴν ἀρχὴν κατέλιπε τῇ γυναικί, ὑφʼ ἧς αὐτῷ κατεσκευάσθη ὁ λεχθεὶς τάφος·
Mausolus became king, but dying childless, he left the sovereignty to his wife, by whom the aforementioned tomb was constructed for him.
φθίσει δʼ ἀποθανούσης διὰ πένθος τοῦ ἀνδρὸς Ἱδριεὺς ἦρξε·
When she died of consumption through grief for her husband, Hidrieus ruled.
καὶ τοῦτον ἡ γυνὴ Ἄδα διεδέξατο νόσῳ τελευτήσαντα·
And when he died of illness, his wife Ada succeeded him.
ἐξέβαλε δὲ ταύτην Πιξώδαρος, ὁ λοιπὸς τῶν Ἑκατόμνω παίδων·
But Pixodarus, the remaining child of Hecatomnus, expelled her.
περσίσας δὲ μεταπέμπεται σατράπην ἐπὶ κοινωνίᾳ τῆς ἀρχῆς·
Having favored the Persian cause, he sent for a satrap to share the government with him.
ἀπελθόντος δʼ ἐκ τοῦ ζῆν καὶ τούτου κατεῖχεν ὁ σατράπης τὴν Ἁλικαρνασὸν ἔχων Ἄδαν γυναῖκα, ἥτις θυγάτηρ ἦν Πιξωδάρου ἐξ Ἀφνηίδος Καππαδοκίσσης γυναικός.
When Pixodarus also departed from life, the satrap held Halicarnassus, having as his wife Ada, who was the daughter of Pixodarus by Aphneis, a Cappadocian woman.
ἐπελθόντος δὲ Ἀλεξάνδρου πολιορκίαν ὑπέμεινεν, ἡ δὲ τοῦ Ἑκατόμνω θυγάτηρ Ἄδα, ἣν ὁ Πιξώδαρος ἐξέβαλεν, ἱκετεύει τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον καὶ πείθει κατάγειν αὐτὴν εἰς τὴν ἀφαιρεθεῖσαν βασιλείαν ὑποσχομένη ἐπὶ τὰ ἀφεστῶτα συμπράξειν αὐτῷ· τοὺς γὰρ ἔχοντας οἰκείους ὑπάρχειν αὐτῇ·
When Alexander came upon them, the satrap sustained a siege, but Ada, the daughter of Hecatomnus, whom Pixodarus had expelled, supplicated Alexander and persuaded him to restore her to the kingdom of which she had been deprived, promising to co-operate with him against the revolted places; for those who held them were her relatives.
παρεδίδου δὲ καὶ τὰ Ἄλινδα, ἐν ᾧ διέτριβεν αὐτή·
She also surrendered Alinda, where she was residing.
ἐπαινέσας δὲ καὶ βασίλισσαν ἀναδείξας, ἁλούσης τῆς πόλεως πλὴν τῆς ἄκρας (διττὴ δʼ ἦν), ἐκείνῃ πολιορκεῖν ἔδωκεν·
He, having praised her and declared her queen, when the city was taken except for the citadel (which was double), gave her the task of besieging it.
ἑάλω δὲ ὀλίγῳ ὕστερον καὶ ἡ ἄκρα, πρὸς ὀργὴν ἤδη καὶ ἀπέχθειαν τῆς πολιορκίας γενομένης.
And a little later the citadel also was taken, the siege having already become a matter of anger and animosity.
§14.2.18ἑξῆς δʼ ἐστὶν ἄκρα Τερμέριον Μυνδίων, καθʼ ἣν ἀντίκειται τῆς Κῴας ἄκρα Σκανδαρία διέχουσα τῆς ἠπείρου σταδίους τετταράκοντα· ἔστι δὲ καὶ χωρίον Τέρμερον ὑπὲρ τῆς ἄκρας.
Next is the promontory of Termerium, belonging to the Myndians, opposite to which lies Scandaria, a promontory of Cos, forty stadia distant from the mainland; and there is also a place called Termerum above the promontory.
§14.2.19ἡ δὲ τῶν Κῴων πόλις ἐκαλεῖτο τὸ παλαιὸν Ἀστυπάλαια, καὶ ᾠκεῖτο ἐν ἄλλῳ τόπῳ ὁμοίως ἐπὶ θαλάττῃ·
The city of the Coans was formerly called Astypalaea, and was inhabited in another place, likewise on the sea.
ἔπειτα διὰ στάσιν μετῴκησαν εἰς τὴν νῦν πόλιν περὶ τὸ Σκανδάριον, καὶ μετωνόμασαν Κῶν ὁμωνύμως τῇ νήσῳ.
Afterwards, because of a sedition, they migrated to the present city near Scandarium, and changed its name to Cos, after the island.
ἡ μὲν οὖν πόλις οὐ μεγάλη, κάλλιστα δὲ πασῶν συνῳκισμένη καὶ ἰδέσθαι τοῖς καταπλέουσιν ἡδίστη.
Now the city is not large, but it is the most beautifully built of all, and is a most pleasant sight to those sailing into it.
τῆς δὲ νήσου τὸ μέγεθος ὅσον πεντακοσίων σταδίων καὶ πεντήκοντα· εὔκαρπος δὲ πᾶσα, οἴνῳ δὲ καὶ ἀρίστη, καθάπερ Χίος καὶ Λέσβος·
The size of the island is about five hundred and fifty stadia; and it is all fertile, and excellent in its wine, just like Chios and Lesbos.
ἔχει δὲ πρὸς νότον μὲν ἄκραν τὸν Λακητῆρα (ἀφʼ οὗ ἑξήκοντα εἰς Νίσυρον), πρὸς δὲ τῷ Λακητῆρι χωρίον Ἁλίσαρνα, ἀπὸ δύσεως δὲ τὸ Δρέκανον καὶ κώμην καλουμένην Στομαλίμνην·
To the south it has the promontory of Lacter (from which it is sixty stadia to Nisyros), and near Lacter is the place Halisarna, and to the west is Drecanum and a village called Stomalimne.
τοῦτο μὲν οὖν ὅσον διακοσίους τῆς πόλεως διέχει σταδίους· ὁ δὲ Λακητὴρ προσλαμβάνει πέντε καὶ τριάκοντα τῷ μήκει τοῦ πλοῦ.
This village is about two hundred stadia distant from the city, while Lacter adds thirty-five stadia to the length of the voyage.
ἐν δὲ τῷ προαστείῳ τὸ Ἀσκληπιεῖον ἔστι, σφόδρα ἔνδοξον καὶ πολλῶν ἀναθημάτων μεστόν, ἐν οἷς ἐστι καὶ ὁ Ἀπελλοῦ Ἀντίγονος.
In the suburb is the Asclepieium, highly renowned and full of many votive offerings, among which is the Antigonus of Apelles.
ἦν δὲ καὶ ἡ ἀναδυομένη Ἀφροδίτη, ἣ νῦν ἀνάκειται τῷ θεῷ Καίσαρι ἐν Ῥώμῃ, τοῦ Σεβαστοῦ ἀναθέντος τῷ πατρὶ τὴν ἀρχηγέτιν τοῦ γένους αὐτοῦ· φασὶ δὲ τοῖς Κῴοις ἀντὶ τῆς γραφῆς ἑκατὸν ταλάντων ἄφεσιν γενέσθαι τοῦ προσταχθέντος φόρου.
There was also the Aphrodite Anadyomene, which is now dedicated to the deified Caesar in Rome, Augustus having dedicated the foundress of his family to his father; and they say that to the Coans, in return for the painting, a remission of one hundred talents of their prescribed tribute was granted.
φασὶ δʼ Ἱπποκράτην μάλιστα ἐκ τῶν ἐνταῦθα ἀνακειμένων θεραπειῶν γυμνάσασθαι τὰ περὶ τὰς διαίτας·
And they say that Hippocrates trained himself in the study of dietetics chiefly from the cures recorded there.
οὗτός τε δή ἐστι τῶν ἐνδόξων Κῷος ἀνὴρ καὶ Σῖμος ὁ ἰατρός, Φιλητᾶς τε ποιητὴς ἅμα καὶ κριτικός, καὶ καθʼ ἡμᾶς Νικίας ὁ καὶ τυραννήσας Κῴων, καὶ Ἀρίστων ὁ ἀκροασάμενος τοῦ περιπατητικοῦ καὶ κληρονομήσας ἐκεῖνον· ἦν δὲ καὶ Θεόμνηστος ὁ ψάλτης ἐν ὀνόματι, ὃς καὶ ἀντεπολιτεύσατο τῷ Νικίᾳ.
He is indeed one of the famous men of Cos, as are Simus the physician, Philitas, both poet and critic, and in our time Nicias, who also became tyrant of the Coans, and Ariston, who attended the lectures of the Peripatetic philosopher and became his heir; and there was also Theomnestus the citharist, a man of reputation, who was a political opponent of Nicias.