§11.8.4Σάκαι μέντοι παραπλησίας ἐφόδους ἐποιήσαντο τοῖς Κιμμερίοις καὶ Τρήρεσι, τὰς μὲν μακροτέρας τὰς δὲ καὶ ἐγγύθεν· καὶ γὰρ τὴν Βακτριανὴν κατέσχον καὶ τῆς Ἀρμενίας κατεκτήσαντο τὴν ἀρίστην γῆν, ἣν καὶ ἐπώνυμον ἑαυτῶν κατέλιπον τὴν Σακασηνήν, καὶ μέχρι Καππαδόκων καὶ μάλιστα τῶν πρὸς Εὐξείνῳ οὓς Ποντικοὺς νῦν καλοῦσι, προῆλθον.
However, the Sacae made inroads similar to those of the Cimmerians and the Treres, some of them longer, others also from nearby; for they not only occupied Bactriana but also acquired the best land of Armenia, which they left named after themselves, Sakasene; and they advanced as far as the Cappadocians, especially those on the Euxine Sea whom they now call Pontic.
ἐπιθέμενοι δʼ αὐτοῖς πανηγυρίζουσιν ἀπὸ τῶν λαφύρων οἱ ταύτῃ τότε τῶν Περσῶν στρατηγοὶ νύκτωρ ἄρδην αὐτοὺς ἠφάνισαν.
But the Persian generals of that time in that region attacked them by night while they were celebrating a festival with their booty, and utterly destroyed them.
ἐν δὲ τῷ πεδίῳ πέτραν τινὰ προσχώματι συμπληρώσαντες εἰς βουνοειδὲς σχῆμα ἐπέθηκαν τεῖχος καὶ τὸ τῆς Ἀναΐτιδος καὶ τῶν συμβώμων θεῶν ἱερὸν ἱδρύσαντο, Ὠμανοῦ καὶ Ἀναδάτου Περσικῶν δαιμόνων, ἀπέδειξάν τε πανήγυριν κατʼ ἔτος ἱεράν, τὰ Σάκαια, ἣν μέχρι νῦν ἐπιτελοῦσιν οἱ τὰ Ζῆλα ἔχοντες· οὕτω γὰρ καλοῦσι τὸν τόπον· ἔστι δὲ ἱεροδούλων πόλισμα τὸ πλέον·
On a certain rock in the plain, having completed it with an earthwork into a hill-like shape, they built a wall and established the temple of Anaitis and her associate deities, Omanus and Anadatus, Persian divinities; and they appointed a sacred annual festival, the Sakaia, which those who possess Zela perform to this day; for so they call the place, which is for the most part a settlement of temple-servants.
Πομπήιος δὲ προσθεὶς χώραν ἀξιόλογον καὶ τοὺς ἐν αὐτῇ συνοικίσας εἰς τὸ τεῖχος μίαν τῶν πόλεων ἀπέφηνεν ὧν διέταξε μετὰ τὴν Μιθριδάτου κατάλυσιν.
But Pompey, having added a considerable territory and having settled the people in it within the wall, declared it one of the cities which he organized after the overthrow of Mithridates.
§11.8.5οἱ μὲν οὕτω λέγουσι περὶ τῶν Σακῶν, οἱ δʼ ὅτι Κῦρος ἐπιστρατεύσας τοῖς Σάκαις ἡττηθεὶς τῇ μάχῃ φεύγει, στρατοπεδευσάμενος δʼ ἐν ᾧ χωρίῳ τὰς παρασκευὰς ἀπολελοίπει πλήρεις ἀφθονίας ἁπάσης καὶ μάλιστα οἴνου, διαναπαύσας μικρὰ τὴν στρατιάν, ἤλαυνεν ἀφʼ ἑσπέρας ὡς φεύγων, πλήρεις ἀφεὶς τὰς σκηνάς· προελθὼν δʼ ὅσον ἐδόκει συμφέρειν ἱδρύθη·
Some speak in this way about the Sacae; but others say that Cyrus, having marched against the Sacae and having been defeated in the battle, fled, but having encamped in the place where he had left his provisions full of every abundance, especially of wine, and having rested his army a little, he set out from evening as if fleeing, leaving his tents full; and having gone forward as far as seemed advantageous, he halted.
ἐπιόντες δʼ ἐκεῖνοι καὶ καταλαβόντες ἔρημον ἀνδρῶν τὸ στρατόπεδον τῶν δὲ πρὸς ἀπόλαυσιν μεστόν, ἀνέδην ἐνεπίμπλαντο·
But those others, coming up and finding the camp empty of men but full of things for enjoyment, filled themselves without restraint.
ὁ δʼ ὑποστρέψας ἐξοίνους κατέλαβε καὶ παραπλῆγας, ὥσθʼ οἱ μὲν ἐν κάρῳ κείμενοι καὶ ὕπνῳ κατεκόπτοντο, οἱ δʼ ὀρχούμενοι καὶ βακχεύοντες γυμνοὶ περιέπιπτον τοῖς τῶν πολεμίων ὅπλοις, ὀλίγου δʼ ἀπώλοντο ἅπαντες.
But Cyrus, having turned back, found them drunk and out of their minds, so that some, lying in stupor and sleep, were cut to pieces, while others, dancing and revelling naked, fell upon the weapons of their enemies, and almost all of them perished.
ὁ δὲ θεῖον νομίσας τὸ εὐτύχημα, τὴν ἡμέραν ἐκείνην ἀνιερώσας τῇ πατρίῳ θεῷ προσηγόρευσε Σάκαια· ὅπου δʼ ἂν ᾖ τῆς θεοῦ ταύτης ἱερόν, ἐνταῦθα νομίζεται καὶ ἡ τῶν Σακαίων ἑορτὴ βακχεία τις μεθʼ ἡμέραν καὶ νύκτωρ, διεσκευασμένων σκυθιστί, πινόντων ἅμα καὶ πληκτιζομένων πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἅμα τε καὶ τὰς συμπινούσας γυναῖκας.
He, considering this good fortune to be divine, consecrated that day to his ancestral goddess and called it Sakaia; and wherever there is a temple of this goddess, there also the festival of the Sakaia is customarily celebrated as a kind of revelry by day and night, with the people dressed in Scythian fashion, drinking and at the same time sporting with one another and also with the women who drink with them.
§11.8.6Μασσαγέται δʼ ἐδήλωσαν τὴν σφετέραν ἀρετὴν ἐν τῷ πρὸς Κῦρον πολέμῳ, περὶ οὗ θρυλοῦσι πολλοί, καὶ δεῖ πυνθάνεσθαι παρʼ ἐκείνων.
As for the Massagetae, they showed their valor in the war against Cyrus, of which many sing, and one must learn of it from them.
λέγεται δὲ καὶ τοιαῦτα περὶ τῶν Μασσαγετῶν, ὅτι κατοικοῦσιν οἱ μὲν ὄρη τινὲς δʼ αὐτῶν πεδία οἱ δὲ ἕλη ἃ ποιοῦσιν οἱ ποταμοί, οἱ δὲ τὰς ἐν τοῖς ἕλεσι νήσους.
The following is also said about the Massagetae: that some inhabit mountains, some of them plains, others marshes which the rivers make, and others the islands in the marshes.
μάλιστα δέ φασι τὸν Ἀράξην ποταμὸν κατακλύζειν τὴν χώραν πολλαχῆ σχιζόμενον, ἐκπίπτοντα δὲ τοῖς μὲν ἄλλοις στόμασιν εἰς τὴν ἄλλην τὴν πρὸς ἄρκτοις θάλατταν, ἑνὶ δὲ μόνῳ πρὸς τὸν κόλπον τὸν Ὑρκάνιον.
Above all, they say that the Araxes River floods the country, splitting in many directions, and empties through its other mouths into the other sea to the north, but by one mouth alone into the Hyrcanian Gulf.
θεὸν δὲ ἥλιον μόνον ἡγοῦνται, τούτῳ δὲ ἱπποθυτοῦσι·
They consider the sun to be the only god, and to this they sacrifice horses.
γαμεῖ δʼ ἕκαστος μίαν, χρῶνται δὲ καὶ ταῖς ἀλλήλων οὐκ ἀφανῶς, ὁ δὲ μιγνύμενος τῇ ἀλλοτρίᾳ τὴν φαρέτραν ἐξαρτήσας ἐκ τῆς ἁμάξης φανερῶς μίγνυται·
Each man marries one wife, but they also use each other's wives openly; and he who consorts with another's wife hangs up his quiver on the wagon and consorts with her openly.
θάνατος δὲ νομίζεται παρʼ αὐτοῖς ἄριστος, ὅταν γηράσαντες κατακοπῶσι μετὰ προβατείων κρεῶν καὶ ἀναμὶξ βρωθῶσι· τοὺς δὲ νόσῳ θανόντας ῥίπτουσιν ὡς ἀσεβεῖς καὶ ἀξίους ὑπὸ θηρίων βεβρῶσθαι.
Best of deaths is considered among them when, having grown old, they are cut up with sheep's meat and eaten mixed together; but those who die of disease they cast away as impious and worthy to be eaten by wild beasts.
ἀγαθοὶ δὲ ἱππόται καὶ πεζοί, τόξοις δὲ χρῶνται καὶ μαχαίραις καὶ θώραξι καὶ σαγάρεσι χαλκαῖς, ζῶναι δὲ αὐτοῖς εἰσι χρυσαῖ καὶ διαδήματα ἐν ταῖς μάχαις·
They are good horsemen and foot soldiers; they use bows, daggers, breastplates, and bronze battle-axes, and they wear golden belts and headbands in battle.
οἵ τε ἵπποι χρυσοχάλινοι, καὶ μασχαλιστῆρες δὲ χρυσοῖ· ἄργυρος δʼ οὐ γίνεται παρʼ αὐτοῖς, σίδηρος δʼ ὀλίγος, χαλκὸς δὲ καὶ χρυσὸς ἄφθονος.
Their horses also have golden bits, and their breast-traps are of gold; silver is not produced in their country, and there is little iron, but bronze and gold are abundant.