§11.12.4ἀπὸ δʼ οὖν τοῦ Ταύρου πρὸς ἄρκτον ἀποσχίδες πολλαὶ γεγόνασι, μία μὲν ἡ τοῦ καλουμένου Ἀντιταύρου· καὶ γὰρ ἐνταῦθα οὕτως ὠνομάζετο ὁ τὴν Σωφηνὴν ἀπολαμβάνων ἐν αὐλῶνι μεταξὺ κειμένῳ αὐτοῦ τε καὶ τοῦ Ταύρου.
At any rate, from the Taurus toward the north many branches have arisen, one being that of the so-called Antitaurus; for indeed here also the branch enclosing Sophene in a valley situated between it and the Taurus was so named.
πέραν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου κατὰ τὴν μικρὰν Ἀρμενίαν ἐφεξῆς τῷ Ἀντιταύρῳ πρὸς ἄρκτον ἐπεκτείνεται μέγα ὄρος καὶ πολυσχιδές· καλοῦσι δὲ τὸ μὲν αὐτοῦ Παρυάδρην τὸ δὲ Μοσχικὰ ὄρη τὸ δʼ ἄλλοις ὀνόμασι· ταῦτα δʼ ἀπολαμβάνει τὴν Ἀρμενίαν ὅλην μέχρι Ἰβήρων καὶ Ἀλβανῶν.
And beyond the Euphrates near Armenia Minor, next after the Antitaurus toward the north, extends a great and many-branched mountain; and they call one part of it Paryadres, another the Moschian Mountains, and another by other names; and these enclose the whole of Armenia as far as the Iberians and the Albanians.
εἶτʼ ἄλλʼ ἐπανίσταται πρὸς ἕω, τὰ ὑπερκείμενα τῆς Κασπίας θαλάττης μέχρι Μηδίας τῆς τε Ἀτροπατίου καὶ τῆς μεγάλης· καλοῦσι δὲ καὶ ταῦτα τὰ μέρη πάντα τῶν ὀρῶν Παραχοάθραν καὶ τὰ μέχρι τῶν Κασπίων πυλῶν καὶ ἐπέκεινα ἔτι πρὸς ταῖς ἀνατολαῖς τὰ συνάπτοντα τῇ Ἀρίᾳ.
Then other mountains rise toward the east, those lying above the Caspian Sea as far as Media, both Atropatene and Great Media; and they call all these parts of the mountains Parachoathras, both those as far as the Caspian Gates and still further toward the east those which connect with Aria.
τὰ μὲν δὴ πρόσβορρα ὄρη οὕτω καλοῦσι, τὰ δὲ νότια τὰ πέραν τοῦ Εὐφράτου τῆς Καππαδοκίας καὶ τῆς Κομμαγηνῆς πρὸς ἕω τείνοντα κατʼ ἀρχὰς μὲν αὐτὸ τοῦτο καλεῖται Ταῦρος, διορίζων τὴν Σωφηνὴν καὶ τὴν ἄλλην Ἀρμενίαν ἀπὸ τῆς Μεσοποταμίας· τινὲς δὲ Γορδυαῖα ὄρη καλοῦσιν.
Thus indeed they call the northern mountains; but the southern ones, which extend toward the east beyond the Euphrates from Cappadocia and Commagene, at first are called by this very name, Taurus, bounding Sophene and the rest of Armenia from Mesopotamia; and some call them the Gordyaean Mountains.
ἐν δὲ τούτοις ἐστὶ καὶ τὸ Μάσιον, τὸ ὑπερκείμενον τῆς Νισίβιος ὄρος καὶ τῶν Τιγρανοκέρτων.
And among these is also Masion, the mountain lying above Nisibis and Tigranocerta.
ἔπειτα ἐξαίρεται πλέον καὶ καλεῖται Νιφάτης· ἐνταῦθα δέ που καὶ τοῦ Τίγριος πηγαὶ κατὰ τὸ νότιον τῆς ὀρεινῆς πλευρόν· εἶτʼ ἀπὸ τοῦ Νιφάτου μᾶλλον ἔτι καὶ μᾶλλον ἡ ῥάχις ἐκτεινομένη τὸ Ζάγριον ὄρος ποιεῖ τὸ διορίζον τὴν Μηδίαν καὶ τὴν Βαβυλωνίαν·
Then it rises higher and is called Niphates; and hereabouts, I suppose, are also the sources of the Tigris on the southern side of the mountainous tract; then from Niphates the ridge, extending more and more, forms the Zagrian mountain which bounds Media and Babylonia.
μετὰ δὲ τὸ Ζάγριον ἐκδέχεται ὑπὲρ μὲν τῆς Βαβυλωνίας ἥ τε τῶν Ἐλυμαίων ὀρεινὴ καὶ ἡ τῶν Παραιτακηνῶν, ὑπὲρ δὲ τῆς Μηδίας ἡ τῶν Κοσσαίων·
And after the Zagrius, there succeeds above Babylonia both the mountainous country of the Elymaei and that of the Paraetaceni, and above Media that of the Cossaei.
ἐν μέσῳ δʼ ἐστὶν ἡ Μηδία καὶ ἡ Ἀρμενία, πολλὰ μὲν ὄρη περιλαμβάνουσα πολλὰ δὲ ὀροπέδια, ὡσαύτως δὲ πεδία καὶ αὐλῶνας μεγάλους, συχνὰ δὲ καὶ ἔθνη τὰ περιοικοῦντα, μικρὰ ὀρεινὰ καὶ λῃστρικὰ τὰ πλείω.
And in the middle lie Media and Armenia, enclosing many mountains and many tablelands, and likewise plains and large valleys, and also numerous tribes dwelling around them, mostly small, mountainous, and predatory.
οὕτω μὲν τοίνυν τίθεμεν ἐντὸς τοῦ Ταύρου τήν τε Μηδίαν, ἧς εἰσι καὶ αἱ Κάσπιοι πύλαι, καὶ τὴν Ἀρμενίαν.
Thus, then, do we place within the Taurus both Media, to which belong also the Caspian Gates, and Armenia.
§11.12.5καθʼ ἡμᾶς μὲν τοίνυν προσάρκτια ἂν εἴη τὰ ἔθνη ταῦτα, ἐπειδὴ καὶ ἐντὸς τοῦ Ταύρου, Ἐρατοσθένης δὲ πεποιημένος τὴν διαίρεσιν εἰς τὰ νότια μέρη καὶ τὰ προσάρκτια καὶ τὰς ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ λεγομένας σφραγῖδας, τὰς μὲν βορείους καλῶν τὰς δὲ νοτίους, ὅρια ἀποφαίνει τῶν κλιμάτων ἀμφοῖν τὰς Κασπίους πύλας·
According to us, then, these nations would be northern, since indeed they are within the Taurus; but Eratosthenes, having made the division into the southern and the northern parts and the so-called seals by him, calling some of them northern and others southern, declares the Caspian Gates to be the boundary of both climes.
εἰκότως οὖν τὰ νοτιώτερα τῶν Κασπίων πυλῶν νότια ἂν ἀποφαίνοι, ὧν ἐστι καὶ ἡ Μηδία καὶ ἡ Ἀρμενία, τὰ δὲ βορειότερα πρόσβορρα, κατʼ ἄλλην καὶ ἄλλην διάταξιν τούτου συμβαίνοντος.
Reasonably, therefore, he would declare the regions further south than the Caspian Gates to be southern, of which are also Media and Armenia, and the more northern parts to be northern, this happening according to different arrangements.
τάχα δὲ οὐκ ἐπέβαλε τούτῳ, διότι ἔξω τοῦ Ταύρου πρὸς νότον οὐδέν ἐστιν οὔτε τῆς Ἀρμενίας μέρος οὔτε τῆς Μηδίας.
And perhaps he did not apply his mind to this, namely that nothing of either Armenia or Media is outside the Taurus toward the south.