§10.3.9τὸ δʼ εἰς ἓν συμφέρεσθαι τὰ τοσαῦτα ὀνόματα καὶ τὴν ἐνοῦσαν θεολογίαν ἐν τῇ περὶ αὐτῶν ἱστορίᾳ νῦν ἐπισκεπτέον.
The converging of so many names into one, and the theology inherent in the history concerning them, must now be investigated.
κοινὸν δὴ τοῦτο καὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων καὶ τῶν βαρβάρων ἐστὶ τὸ τὰς ἱεροποιίας μετὰ ἀνέσεως ἑορταστικῆς ποιεῖσθαι, τὰς μὲν σὺν ἐνθουσιασμῷ τὰς δὲ χωρίς, καὶ τὰς μὲν μετὰ μουσικῆς τὰς δὲ μή, καὶ τὰς μὲν μυστικῶς τὰς δὲ ἐν φανερῷ· καὶ τοῦθʼ ἡ φύσις οὕτως ὑπαγορεύει.
Indeed, this is common to both Greeks and barbarians, to perform sacred rites with festive relaxation, some with enthusiasm and others without it, and some with music and others without, and some mystically and others in public; and nature thus dictates this.
ἥ τε γὰρ ἄνεσις τὸν νοῦν ἀπάγει ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνθρωπικῶν ἀσχολημάτων, τὸν δὲ ὄντως νοῦν τρέπει πρὸς τὸ θεῖον· ὅ τε ἐνθουσιασμὸς ἐπίπνευσίν τινα θείαν ἔχειν δοκεῖ καὶ τῷ μαντικῷ γένει πλησιάζειν· ἥ τε κρύψις ἡ μυστικὴ τῶν ἱερῶν σεμνοποιεῖ τὸ θεῖον, μιμουμένη τὴν φύσιν αὐτοῦ φεύγουσαν ἡμῶν τὴν αἴσθησιν· ἥ τε μουσικὴ περί τε ὄρχησιν οὖσα καὶ ῥυθμὸν καὶ μέλος ἡδονῇ τε ἅμα καὶ καλλιτεχνίᾳ πρὸς τὸ θεῖον ἡμᾶς συνάπτει κατὰ τοιαύτην αἰτίαν.
For relaxation leads the mind away from human occupations, and turns the true mind toward the divine; and enthusiasm seems to have a certain divine inspiration and to approach the prophetic class; and the mystic concealment of sacred things makes the divine venerable, by imitating its nature which escapes our perception; and music, being concerned with dance, rhythm, and melody, connects us with the divine at once by pleasure and by artistic skill, for the following reason.
εὖ μὲν γὰρ εἴρηται καὶ τοῦτο, τοὺς ἀνθρώπους τότε μάλιστα μιμεῖσθαι τοὺς θεοὺς ὅταν εὐεργετῶσιν· ἄμεινον δʼ ἂν λέγοι τις, ὅταν εὐδαιμονῶσι· τοιοῦτον δὲ τὸ χαίρειν καὶ τὸ ἑορτάζειν καὶ τὸ φιλοσοφεῖν καὶ μουσικῆς ἅπτεσθαι·
For this also has been well said, that men most imitate the gods when they are doing good; but one might say better, when they are happy; and such is rejoicing, feasting, philosophizing, and engaging in music.
μὴ γὰρ εἴ τις ἔκπτωσις πρὸς τὸ χεῖρον γένηται, τῶν μουσικῶν εἰς ἡδυπαθείας τρεπόντων τὰς τέχνας ἐν τοῖς συμποσίοις καὶ θυμέλαις καὶ σκηναῖς καὶ ἄλλοις τοιούτοις, διαβαλλέσθω τὸ πρᾶγμα, ἀλλʼ ἡ φύσις ἡ τῶν παιδευμάτων ἐξεταζέσθω τὴν ἀρχὴν ἐνθένδε ἔχουσα.
For let not the thing be slandered, even if some degeneration to the worse occurs, through musicians turning their arts toward self-indulgence at banquets, theaters, stages, and other such places, but rather let the nature of educational pursuits be examined, which has its origin from this source.
§10.3.10καὶ διὰ τοῦτο μουσικὴν ἐκάλεσε Πλάτων καὶ ἔτι πρότερον οἱ Πυθαγόρειοι τὴν φιλοσοφίαν, καὶ καθʼ ἁρμονίαν τὸν κόσμον συνεστάναι φασί, πᾶν τὸ μουσικὸν εἶδος θεῶν ἔργον ὑπολαμβάνοντες.
And for this reason Plato, and even earlier the Pythagoreans, called philosophy "music," and they say that the universe is constituted according to harmony, assuming every musical form to be the work of the gods.
οὕτω δὲ καὶ αἱ Μοῦσαι θεαὶ καὶ Ἀπόλλων μουσηγέτης καὶ ἡ ποιητικὴ πᾶσα ὑμνητική.
In this way too, the Muses are goddesses, and Apollo is leader of the Muses, and all poetry is hymn-singing.
ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ τὴν τῶν ἠθῶν κατασκευὴν τῇ μουσικῇ προσνέμουσιν, ὡς πᾶν τὸ ἐπανορθωτικὸν τοῦ νοῦ τοῖς θεοῖς ἐγγὺς ὄν.
Likewise, they also attribute the shaping of characters to music, on the ground that everything corrective of the mind is close to the gods.
οἱ μὲν οὖν Ἕλληνες οἱ πλεῖστοι τῷ Διονύσῳ προσέθεσαν καὶ τῷ Ἀπόλλωνι καὶ τῇ Ἑκάτῃ καὶ ταῖς Μούσαις καὶ Δήμητρι, νὴ Δία, τὸ ὀργιαστικὸν πᾶν καὶ τὸ βακχικὸν καὶ τὸ χορικὸν καὶ τὸ περὶ τὰς τελετὰς μυστικόν, Ἴακχόν τε καὶ τὸν Διόνυσον καλοῦσι καὶ τὸν ἀρχηγέτην τῶν μυστηρίων, τῆς Δήμητρος δαίμονα· δενδροφορίαι τε καὶ χορεῖαι καὶ τελεταὶ κοιναὶ τῶν θεῶν εἰσι τούτων·
Now most of the Greeks associated with Dionysus, Apollo, Hecate, the Muses, and, by Zeus, Demeter, all that is orgiastic, Bacchic, choral, and mystic concerning the initiations; and they call Iacchus both Dionysus and the founder of the mysteries, the daemon of Demeter; and the carrying of trees, dances, and initiations are common to these gods.
αἱ δὲ Μοῦσαι καὶ ὁ Ἀπόλλων αἱ μὲν τῶν χορῶν προεστᾶσιν ὁ δὲ καὶ τούτων καὶ τῶν κατὰ μαντικήν·
And as for the Muses and Apollo, the former preside over dances, and the latter over both these and the things concerning prophecy.
πρόπολοι δὲ τῶν Μουσῶν οἱ πεπαιδευμένοι πάντες, καὶ ἰδίως οἱ μουσικοί, τοῦ δʼ Ἀπόλλωνος οὗτοί τε καὶ οἱ περὶ μαντικήν, Δήμητρος δὲ οἵ τε μύσται καὶ δᾳδοῦχοι καὶ ἱεροφάνται, Διονύσου δὲ Σειληνοί τε καὶ Σάτυροι καὶ Τίτυροι καὶ Βάκχαι, Λῆναί τε καὶ Θυῖαι καὶ Μιμαλλόνες καὶ Ναΐδες καὶ Νύμφαι προσαγορευόμεναι.
And the attendants of the Muses are all who are educated, and especially musicians; and of Apollo, both these and those concerned with prophecy; and of Demeter, the initiates, torch-bearers, and hierophants; and of Dionysus, Sileni, Satyrs, Tityri, and Bacchae, and those addressed as Lenae, Thyiae, Mimallones, Naïdes, and Nymphs.