§10.2.14οὐκ ὤκνησαν δέ τινες τὴν Κεφαλληνίαν τὴν αὐτὴν τῷ Δουλιχίῳ φάναι, οἱ δὲ τῇ Τάφῳ, καὶ Ταφίους τοὺς Κεφαλληνίους, τοὺς δʼ αὐτοὺς καὶ Τηλεβόας, καὶ τὸν Ἀμφιτρύωνα δεῦρο στρατεῦσαι μετὰ Κεφάλου τοῦ Δηιονέως ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν φυγάδος παραληφθέντος, κατασχόντα δὲ τὴν νῆσον παραδοῦναι τῷ Κεφάλῳ, καὶ ταύτην μὲν ἐπώνυμον ἐκείνου γενέσθαι τὰς δὲ πόλεις τῶν παίδων αὐτοῦ.
Some did not hesitate to say that Cephallenia was the same as Dulichium, and others that it was the same as Taphos, and that the Cephallenians were the Taphians, and the same also as the Teleboans, and that Amphitryon made an expedition hither with Cephalus the son of Deioneus, who had been taken along as an exile from Athens, and that, having conquered the island, he delivered it to Cephalus, and that this island was named after him, and the cities after his children.
ταῦτα δʼ οὐχ ὁμηρικά· οἱ μὲν γὰρ Κεφαλλῆνες ὑπὸ Ὀδυσσεῖ καὶ Λαέρτῃ, ἡ δὲ Τάφος ὑπὸ τῷ Μέντῃ
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Μέντης Ἀγχιάλοιο δαΐφρονος εὔχομαι εἶναι υἱός, ἀτὰρ Ταφίοισι φιληρέτμοισιν ἀνάσσω.
But these things are not Homeric; for the Cephallenians were under Odysseus and Laertes, whereas Taphos was under Mentes: "Μέντης Ἀγχιάλοιο δαΐφρονος εὔχομαι εἶναι υἱός, ἀτὰρ Ταφίοισι φιληρέτμοισιν ἀνάσσω.
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καλεῖται δὲ νῦν Ταφιὰς ἡ Τάφος.
"Taphos is now called Taphias.
οὐδʼ Ἑλλάνικος ὁμηρικὸς Δουλίχιον τὴν Κεφαλληνίαν λέγων.
Nor is Hellanicus Homeric when he says that Cephallenia is Dulichium.
τὸ μὲν γὰρ ὑπὸ Μέγητι εἴρηται καὶ αἱ λοιπαὶ Ἐχινάδες, οἵ τε ἐνοικοῦντες Ἐπειοὶ ἐξ Ἤλιδος ἀφιγμένοι· διόπερ καὶ τὸν Ὦτον τὸν Κυλλήνιον
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Φυλείδεω ἕταρον μεγαθύμων ἀρχὸν Ἐπειῶν
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καλεῖ.
For Dulichium and the rest of the Echinades are said to be under Meges, and their inhabitants, the Epeians, to have come from Elis; wherefore the poet also calls Otus the Cyllenian "Φυλείδεω ἕταρον μεγαθύμων ἀρχὸν Ἐπειῶν "as well.
"
αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς ἦγε Κεφαλλῆνας μεγαθύμους.
"αὐτὰρ Ὀδυσσεὺς ἦγε Κεφαλλῆνας μεγαθύμους.
"
οὔτʼ οὖν Δουλίχιον ἡ Κεφαλληνία καθʼ Ὅμηρον οὔτε τῆς Κεφαλληνίας τὸ Δουλίχιον, ὡς Ἄνδρων φησί· τὸ μὲν γὰρ Ἐπειοὶ κατεῖχον, τὴν δὲ Κεφαλληνίαν ὅλην Κεφαλλῆνες ὑπὸ Ὀδυσσεῖ, οἱ δʼ ὑπὸ Μέγητι.
"Therefore, according to Homer, Cephallenia is not Dulichium, nor is Dulichium a part of Cephallenia, as Andron says; for the Epeians occupied the former, while the Cephallenians under Odysseus occupied the whole of Cephallenia, and the others were under Meges.
οὐδὲ Παλεῖς Δουλίχιον ὑφʼ Ὁμήρου λέγονται, ὡς γράφει Φερεκύδης.
Nor are the Paleians called Dulichium by Homer, as Pherecydes writes.
μάλιστα δʼ ἐναντιοῦται Ὁμήρῳ ὁ τὴν Κεφαλληνίαν τὴν αὐτὴν τῷ Δουλιχίῳ λέγων, εἴπερ τῶν μνηστήρων ἐκ μὲν Δουλιχίοιο δύω καὶ πεντήκοντα ἦσαν, ἐκ δὲ Σάμης πίσυρές τε καὶ εἴκοσιν.
But he who says that Cephallenia is the same as Dulichium contradicts Homer most of all, seeing that of the suitors fifty-two were from Dulichium, and twenty-four from Same.
οὐ γὰρ τοῦτʼ ἂν εἴη λέγων, ἐξ ὅλης μὲν τόσους ἐκ δὲ μιᾶς τῶν τεττάρων παρὰ δύο τοὺς ἡμίσεις.
For he would not be saying this: that from the whole island there were so many, but from one of its four cities there were half that number minus two.
εἰ δʼ ἄρα τοῦτο δώσει τις, ἐρησόμεθα τίς ἂν εἴη ἡ Σάμη, ὅταν οὕτω φῇ
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Δουλίχιόν τε Σάμην τʼ ἠδʼ ὑλήεντα Ζάκυνθον. "
And if, after all, anyone should grant this, we shall ask what Same could be when the poet speaks thus: "Δουλίχιόν τε Σάμην τʼ ἠδʼ ὑλήεντα Ζάκυνθον.
§10.2.15κεῖται δʼ ἡ Κεφαλληνία κατὰ Ἀκαρνανίαν, διέχουσα τοῦ Λευκάτα περὶ πεντήκοντα (οἱ δὲ τετταράκοντά φασι) σταδίους, τοῦ δὲ Χελωνάτα περὶ ὀγδοήκοντα.
"Cephallenia lies opposite Acarnania, at a distance of about fifty stadia (though some say forty) from Leucatas, and about eighty from Chelonatas.
αὐτὴ δʼ ἐστὶν ὡς τριακοσίων τὴν περίμετρον, μακρὰ δʼ ἀνήκουσα πρὸς εὖρον, ὀρεινή· μέγιστον δʼ ὄρος ἐν αὐτῇ ἐν ᾧ τὸ Διὸς Αἰνησίου ἱερόν· καθʼ ὃ δὲ στενωτάτη ἐστὶν ἡ νῆσος, ταπεινὸν ἰσθμὸν ποιεῖ ὥσθʼ ὑπερκλύζεσθαι πολλάκις ἐκ θαλάττης εἰς θάλατταν· πλησίον δʼ εἰσὶ τῶν στενῶν ἐν κόλπῳ Κράνιοί τε καὶ Παλεῖς.
The island itself is about three hundred stadia in circumference, extending longways towards the southeast, and is mountainous; the greatest mountain in it is the one on which is the temple of Zeus Aenesius; and where the island is narrowest, it forms a low isthmus, so that it is often washed over by the waves from sea to sea; near the narrows, in a gulf, lie Cranii and Paleis.
§10.2.16μεταξὺ δὲ τῆς Ἰθάκης καὶ τῆς Κεφαλληνίας ἡ Ἀστερία νησίον (Ἀστερὶς δʼ ὑπὸ τοῦ ποιητοῦ λέγεται) ἣν ὁ μὲν Σκήψιος μὴ μένειν τοιαύτην οἵαν φησὶν ὁ ποιητής
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λιμένες δʼ ἔνι ναύλοχοι αὐτῇ
ἀμφίδυμοι.
Between Ithaca and Cephallenia is the small island Asteria (it is called Asteris by the poet), which the Scepsian says does not remain such as the poet says: "λιμένες δʼ ἔνι ναύλοχοι αὐτῇ ἀμφίδυμοι.
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ὁ δὲ Ἀπολλόδωρος μένειν καὶ νῦν, καὶ πολίχνιον λέγει ἐν αὐτῇ Ἀλαλκομενὰς τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ τῷ ἰσθμῷ κείμενον.
"But Apollodorus says that it remains even now, and says that there is a small town in it, Alalcomenae, situated on the isthmus itself.
§10.2.17καλεῖ δʼ ὁ ποιητὴς Σάμον καὶ τὴν Θρᾳκίαν, ἣν νῦν Σαμοθρᾴκην καλοῦμεν.
The poet also calls the Thracian Samos "Samos," which we now call Samothrace.
τὴν δʼ Ἰωνικὴν οἶδε μέν, ὡς εἰκός· καὶ γὰρ τὴν Ἰωνικὴν ἀποικίαν εἰδέναι φαίνεται· οὐκ ἀντιδιέστειλε δὲ τὴν ὁμωνυμίαν, περὶ τῆς Σαμοθρᾴκης λέγων, τοτὲ μὲν τῷ ἐπιθέτῳ
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ὑψοῦ ἐπʼ ἀκροτάτης κορυφῆς Σάμου ὑληέσσης,
Θρηικίης
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τοτὲ δὲ τῇ συζυγίᾳ τῶν πλησίον νήσων
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ἐς Σάμον ἔς τʼ Ἴμβρον καὶ Λῆμνον ἀμιχθαλόεσσαν
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καὶ πάλιν
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μεσσηγύς τε Σάμοιο καὶ Ἴμβρου παιπαλοέσσης.
But the Ionian Samos he indeed knows, as is natural; for he appears to know the Ionian colonization; however, he did not distinguish the homonymy, speaking of Samothrace sometimes with the epithet: "ὑψοῦ ἐπʼ ἀκροτάτης κορυφῆς Σάμου ὑληέσσης, Θρηικίης "and sometimes by the grouping with the neighboring islands: "ἐς Σάμον ἔς τʼ Ἴμβρον καὶ Λῆμνον ἀμιχθαλόεσσαν "and again: "μεσσηγύς τε Σάμοιο καὶ Ἴμβρου παιπαλοέσσης.
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ᾔδει μὲν οὖν, οὐκ ὠνόμακε δʼ αὐτήν· οὐδʼ ἐκαλεῖτο τῷ αὐτῷ ὀνόματι πρότερον, ἀλλὰ Μελάμφυλλος, εἶτʼ Ἀνθεμίς, εἶτα Παρθενία ἀπὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ τοῦ Παρθενίου, ὃς Ἴμβρασος μετωνομάσθη.
"Thus he knew it, but has not named it; nor indeed was it called by the same name formerly, but Melamphylus, then Anthemis, then Parthenia, after the river Parthenius, which was renamed Imbrasus.
ἐπεὶ οὖν κατὰ τὰ Τρωικὰ Σάμος μὲν καὶ ἡ Κεφαλληνία ἐκαλεῖτο καὶ ἡ Σαμοθρᾴκη (οὐ γὰρ ἂν Ἑκάβη εἰσήγετο λέγουσα ὅτι τοὺς παῖδας αὐτῆς πέρνασχʼ ὅν κε λάβοι ἐς Σάμον ἔς τʼ Ἴμβρον), Ἰωνικὴ δʼ οὐκ ἀπῴκιστό πω, δῆλον ὅτι ἀπὸ τῶν προτέρων τινὸς τὴν ὁμωνυμίαν ἔσχεν·
Since, therefore, in the times of the Trojan war both Cephallenia and Samothrace were called Samos (for otherwise Hecabe would not have been introduced saying that he used to sell her children, whomsoever he might capture, "to Samos and to Imbros"), while the Ionian Samos had not yet been colonized, it is clear that the latter obtained its homonymy from one of the former.
ἐξ ὧν κἀκεῖνο δῆλον, ὅτι παρὰ τὴν ἀρχαίαν ἱστορίαν ὃ λέγουσιν οἱ φήσαντες, μετὰ τὴν Ἰωνικὴν ἀποικίαν καὶ τὴν Τεμβρίωνος παρουσίαν ἀποίκους ἐλθεῖν ἐκ Σάμου καὶ ὀνομάσαι Σάμον τὴν Σαμοθρᾴκην, ὡς οἱ Σάμιοι τοῦτʼ ἐπλάσαντο δόξης χάριν.
From which this also is clear, that those who say that, after the Ionian colonization and the arrival of Tembrion, colonists came from Samos and named Samothrace "Samos," speak contrary to ancient history, and that the Samians fabricated this story for the sake of glory.
πιθανώτεροι δʼ εἰσὶν ἀπὸ τοῦ Σάμους καλεῖσθαι τὰ ὕψη φήσαντες εὑρῆσθαι τοῦτο τοὔνομα τὴν νῆσον· ἐντεῦθεν γάρ
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ἐφαίνετο πᾶσα μὲν Ἴδη, φαίνετο δὲ Πριάμοιο πόλις καὶ νῆες Ἀχαιῶν.
But those are more plausible who say that the island found this name from the fact that heights are called "samoi"; for from there "ἐφαίνετο πᾶσα μὲν Ἴδη, φαίνετο δὲ Πριάμοιο πόλις καὶ νῆες Ἀχαιῶν.
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τινὲς δὲ Σάμον καλεῖσθαί φασιν ἀπὸ Σαΐων, τῶν οἰκούντων Θρᾳκῶν πρότερον, οἳ καὶ τὴν ἤπειρον ἔσχον τὴν προσεχῆ, εἴτε οἱ αὐτοὶ τοῖς Σαπαίοις ὄντες ἢ τοῖς Σιντοῖς, οὓς Σίντιας καλεῖ ὁ ποιητής, εἴθʼ ἕτεροι.
"And some say that Samos was so called after the Saeans, the Thracians who formerly inhabited it, who also held the adjacent mainland, whether they were the same as the Sapaeans or the Sintians, whom the poet calls Sintians, or were a different people.
μέμνηται δὲ τῶν Σαΐων Ἀρχίλοχος
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ἀσπίδα μὲν Σαΐων τὶς ἀνείλετο, τὴν παρὰ θάμνῳ
ἔντος ἀμώμητον κάλλιπον οὐκ ἐθέλων.
Archilochus mentions the Saeans: "ἀσπίδα μὲν Σαΐων τὶς ἀνείλετο, τὴν παρὰ θάμνῳ ἔντος ἀμώμητον κάλλιπον οὐκ ἐθέλων.
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