§1.3.15ψευδῆ δʼ εἶναι φήσας τὴν ἐπὶ τοῖς δελφῖσιν ἐπιγραφὴν Κυρηναίων θεωρῶν αἰτίαν ἀποδίδωσιν οὐ πιθανήν, ὅτι ἡ μὲν τῆς Κυρήνης κτίσις ἐν χρόνοις φέρεται μνημονευομένοις, τὸ δὲ μαντεῖον οὐδεὶς μέμνηται ἐπὶ θαλάττῃ ποτὲ ὑπάρξαν.
Indeed, having asserted that the inscription on the dolphins of the Cyrenaean envoys is false, he [Hipparchus] offers an unconvincing reason, namely that while the founding of Cyrene is recorded in historical times, no one remembers the oracle [of Ammon] ever being on the sea.
τί γάρ, εἰ μηδεὶς μὲν ἱστορεῖ, ἐκ δὲ τῶν τεκμηρίων, ἐξ ὧν εἰκάζομεν παράλιόν ποτε τὸν τόπον γενέσθαι, οἵ τε δελφῖνες ἀνετέθησαν καὶ ἡ ἐπιγραφὴ ἐγένετο ὑπὸ Κυρηναίων θεωρῶν;
But what if, even if no one records it, yet from the proofs from which we conjecture that the place was once on the coast, the dolphins were dedicated and the inscription was made by the Cyrenaean envoys?
συγχωρήσας δὲ τῷ μετεωρισμῷ τοῦ ἐδάφους συμμετεωρισθεῖσαν καὶ τὴν θάλατταν ἐπικλύσαι τοὺς μέχρι τοῦ μαντείου τόπους, πλέον ἀπὸ θαλάττης διέχοντας τῶν τρισχιλίων σταδίων, οὐ συγχωρεῖ τὸν μέχρι τοσούτου μετεωρισμὸν ὥστε καὶ τὴν Φάρον ὅλην καλυφθῆναι καὶ τὰ πολλὰ τῆς Αἰγύπτου, ὥσπερ οὐχ ἱκανοῦ ὄντος τοῦ τοσούτου ὕψους καὶ ταῦτα ἐπικλύσαι.
And while he concedes that the sea, rising along with the elevation of the land, flooded the places up to the oracle, which are distant more than three thousand stadia from the sea, he does not concede an elevation up to such a height that the whole of Pharos and most of Egypt were covered, as if so great a height were not sufficient to flood these as well.
φήσας δέ, εἴπερ ἐπεπλήρωτο ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον ἡ καθʼ ἡμᾶς θάλαττα πρὶν τὸ ἔκρηγμα τὸ κατὰ στήλας γενέσθαι, ἐφʼ ὅσον εἴρηκεν ὁ Ἐρατοσθένης, χρῆναι καὶ τὴν Λιβύην πᾶσαν καὶ τῆς Εὐρώπης τὰ πολλὰ καὶ τῆς Ἀσίας κεκαλύφθαι πρότερον, τούτοις ἐπιφέρει διότι καὶ ὁ Πόντος τῷ Ἀδρίᾳ σύρρους ἂν ὑπῆρξε κατά τινας τόπους, ἅτε δὴ τοῦ Ἴστρου ἀπὸ τῶν κατὰ τὸν Πόντον τόπων σχιζομένου καὶ ῥέοντος εἰς ἑκατέραν τὴν θάλατταν διὰ τὴν θέσιν τῆς χώρας.
And having said that if indeed our sea had been filled to such an extent, before the breakthrough at the Pillars occurred, as Eratosthenes has said, then all Libya and most of Europe and Asia must have been covered beforehand, he adds to these that the Pontus also would have been confluent with the Adriatic in some places, inasmuch as the Ister [Danube], branching off from the regions near the Pontus, flows into each of the two seas because of the lay of the land.
ἀλλʼ οὔτʼ ἀπὸ τῶν κατὰ τὸν Πόντον μερῶν ὁ Ἴστρος τὰς ἀρχὰς ἔχει, ἀλλὰ τἀναντία ἀπὸ τῶν ὑπὲρ τοῦ Ἀδρίου ὀρῶν· οὔτʼ εἰς ἑκατέραν τὴν θάλατταν ῥεῖ, ἀλλʼ εἰς τὸν Πόντον μόνον, σχίζεταί τε πρὸς αὐτοῖς μόνον τοῖς στόμασι.
But the Ister does not have its source in the parts near the Pontus, but on the contrary in the mountains above the Adriatic; nor does it flow into both seas, but into the Pontus alone, and it branches only close to its very mouths.
κοινὴν δέ τινα τῶν πρὸ αὐτοῦ τισιν ἄγνοιαν ταύτην ἠγνόηκεν, ὑπολαβοῦσιν εἶναί τινα ὁμώνυμον τῷ Ἴστρῳ ποταμὸν ἐκβάλλοντα εἰς τὸν Ἀδρίαν ἀπεσχισμένον αὐτοῦ, ἀφʼ οὗ καὶ τὸ γένος Ἴστρων, διʼ οὗ φέρεται, λαβεῖν τὴν προσηγορίαν, καὶ τὸν Ἰάσονα ταύτῃ ποιήσασθαι τὸν ἐκ τῶν Κόλχων ἀνάπλουν.
And he has been ignorant of this ignorance, which is common to some of those before him, who supposed that there is some river homonymous with the Ister which, branching off from it, empties into the Adriatic, from which also the nation of the Istri, through whom it flows, took their name, and that Jason made his voyage back from the Colchians by this way.
§1.3.16πρὸς δὲ τὴν ἀθαυμαστίαν τῶν τοιούτων μεταβολῶν, οἵας ἔφαμεν αἰτίας εἶναι τῶν ἐπικλύσεων καὶ τῶν τοιούτων παθῶν, οἷα εἴρηται τὰ κατὰ τὴν Σικελίαν καὶ τὰς Αἰόλου νήσους καὶ Πιθηκούσσας, ἄξιον παραθεῖναι καὶ ἄλλα πλείω τῶν ἐν ἑτέροις τόποις ὄντων ἢ γενομένων ὁμοίων τούτοις.
But with a view to making such changes not seem wonderful—changes which we said are the causes of floods and such phenomena as have been mentioned in connection with Sicily, the islands of Aeolus, and Pithecussae—it is worthwhile to compare also many other similar things that exist or have occurred in other places.
ἀθρόα γὰρ τὰ τοιαῦτα παραδείγματα πρὸ ὀφθαλμῶν τεθέντα παύσει τὴν ἔκπληξιν.
For such examples, when placed before our eyes all at once, will put an end to our astonishment.
νυνὶ δὲ τὸ ἄηθες ταράττει τὴν αἴσθησιν καὶ δείκνυσιν ἀπειρίαν τῶν φύσει συμβαινόντων καὶ τοῦ βίου παντός, οἷον εἴ τις λέγοι τὰ περὶ Θήραν καὶ Θηρασίαν νήσους ἱδρυμένας ἐν τῷ μεταξὺ πόρῳ Κρήτης καὶ τῆς Κυρηναίας, ὧν ἡ Θήρα μητρόπολίς ἐστι τῆς Κυρήνης, καὶ τὴν Αἴγυπτον καὶ πολλὰ μέρη τοιαῦτα τῆς Ἑλλάδος.
But as it is, novelty disturbs our perception and shows an ignorance of things that happen by nature and of life as a whole, as if one were to speak of the islands of Thera and Therasia, situated in the passage between Crete and the Cyrenaica, of which Thera is the mother-city of Cyrene, and of Egypt and many such parts of Greece.
ἀνὰ μέσον γὰρ Θήρας καὶ Θηρασίας ἐκπεσοῦσαι φλόγες ἐκ τοῦ πελάγους ἐφʼ ἡμέρας τέτταρας, ὥστε πᾶσαν ζεῖν καὶ φλέγεσθαι τὴν θάλατταν, ἀνεφύσησαν κατʼ ὀλίγον ἐξαιρομένην ὡς ἂν ὀργανικῶς συντιθεμένην ἐκ μύδρων νῆσον ἐπέχουσαν δώδεκα σταδίων τὴν περίμετρον.
For between Thera and Therasia, flames burst forth from the deep sea for four days, so that the whole sea boiled and burned, and they gradually blew up an island, which was raised as if mechanically constructed of molten masses, having a circumference of twelve stadia.
μετὰ δὲ τὴν παῦλαν τοῦ πάθους ἐθάρρησαν πρῶτοι Ῥόδιοι θαλαττοκρατοῦντες ἐπιπροσπλεῦσαι τῷ τόπῳ καὶ Ποσειδῶνος Ἀσφαλίου ἱερὸν ἱδρύσασθαι κατὰ τὴν νῆσον.
And after the cessation of the phenomenon, the Rhodians, who held the empire of the sea, were the first who dared to sail to the place and found a temple of Poseidon Asphaleos on the island.
ἐν δὲ τῇ Φοινίκῃ φησὶ Ποσειδώνιος γενομένου σεισμοῦ καταποθῆναι πόλιν ἱδρυμένην ὑπὲρ Σιδῶνος, καὶ αὐτῆς δὲ Σιδῶνος σχεδόν τι τὰ δύο μέρη πεσεῖν, ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἀθρόως, ὥστε μὴ πολὺν φθόρον ἀνθρώπων γενέσθαι.
And in Phoenicia, Posidonius says that when an earthquake occurred, a city situated above Sidon was swallowed up, and nearly two-thirds of Sidon itself fell, but not all at once, so that there was no great destruction of men.
τὸ δʼ αὐτὸ πάθος καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν Συρίαν ὅλην διέτεινε, μετρίως δέ πως. διέβη δὲ καὶ ἐπί τινας νήσους τάς τε Κυκλάδας καὶ τὴν Εὔβοιαν, ὥστε τῆς Ἀρεθούσης (ἔστι δʼ ἐν Χαλκίδι κρήνη) τὰς πηγὰς ἀποτυφλωθῆναι, συχναῖς δʼ ἡμέραις ὕστερον ἀναβλύσαι κατʼ ἄλλο στόμιον, μὴ παύεσθαι δὲ σειομένην τὴν νῆσον κατὰ μέρη πρὶν ἢ χάσμα γῆς ἀνοιχθὲν ἐν τῷ Ληλάντῳ πεδίῳ πηλοῦ διαπύρου ποταμὸν ἐξήμεσε.
And the same disaster extended over all Syria, though in a moderate degree; and it also crossed over to some of the islands, both the Cyclades and Euboea, so that the sources of Arethusa (which is a spring in Chalcis) were stopped up, and many days later bubbled up through another mouth, and the island did not cease to be shaken in some parts until a chasm in the earth opened in the Lelantine plain and vomited a river of glowing mud.