§1.2.35οἱ δὲ πλάττοντες Ἐρεμβοὺς ἴδιόν τι ἔθνος Αἰθιοπικὸν καὶ ἄλλο Κηφήνων καὶ τρίτον Πυγμαίων καὶ ἄλλα μυρία ἧττον ἂν πιστεύοιντο, πρὸς τῷ μὴ ἀξιοπίστῳ καὶ σύγχυσίν τινα ἐμφαίνοντες τοῦ μυθικοῦ καὶ ἱστορικοῦ σχήματος.
Those who invent the Erembi as some distinct Ethiopian nation, and another of Cephenes, and a third of Pygmies, and countless others, would be even less believed, because besides not being trustworthy they also show some confusion of the mythical and historical form.
ὅμοιοι δʼ εἰσὶ τούτοις καὶ οἱ Σιδονίους ἐν τῇ κατὰ Πέρσας θαλάττῃ διηγούμενοι ἢ ἄλλοθί που τοῦ ὠκεανοῦ, καὶ τὴν τοῦ Μενελάου πλάνην ἐξωκεανίζοντες· ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ τοὺς Φοίνικας.
Similar to these are also those who describe the Sidonians as being in the Persian Sea, or somewhere else in the ocean, and who push the wandering of Menelaus out into the ocean; and likewise also the Phoenicians.
τῆς δʼ ἀπιστίας αἴτιον οὐκ ἐλάχιστόν ἐστι τὸ ἐναντιοῦσθαι ἀλλήλοις τοὺς λέγοντας.
The cause of this untrustworthiness is not least that those who speak contradict one another.
οἱ μὲν γὰρ καὶ τοὺς Σιδονίους τοὺς καθʼ ἡμᾶς ἀποίκους εἶναι τῶν ἐν τῷ ὠκεανῷ φασί, προστιθέντες καὶ διὰ τί Φοίνικες ἐκαλοῦντο, ὅτι καὶ ἡ θάλαττα ἐρυθρά· οἱ δʼ ἐκείνους τούτων.
For some say that our Sidonians are colonists of those in the ocean, adding also the reason why they were called Phoenicians, because the sea too is red; while others say those are colonists of these.
εἰσὶ δʼ οἳ καὶ τὴν Αἰθιοπίαν εἰς τὴν καθʼ ἡμᾶς Φοινίκην μετάγουσι καὶ τὰ περὶ τὴν Ἀνδρομέδαν ἐν Ἰόπῃ συμβῆναί φασιν· οὐ δήπου κατʼ ἄγνοιαν τοπικὴν καὶ τούτων λεγομένων, ἀλλʼ ἐν μύθου μᾶλλον σχήματι· καθάπερ καὶ τῶν παρʼ Ἡσιόδῳ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις, ἃ προφέρει ὁ Ἀπολλόδωρος, οὐδʼ ὃν τρόπον παρατίθησι τοῖς Ὁμήρου ταῦτα εἰδώς.
And there are some who transfer Ethiopia to our Phoenicia and say that the story of Andromeda happened in Joppa; not indeed by geographical ignorance when these things are said, but rather in the form of a myth; just as also the things in Hesiod and the others, which Apollodorus adduces, not knowing in what way he compares these to the things of Homer.
τὰ μὲν γὰρ Ὁμήρου τὰ περὶ τὸν Πόντον καὶ τὴν Αἴγυπτον παρατίθησιν ἄγνοιαν αἰτιώμενος, ὡς λέγειν μὲν τὰ ὄντα βουλομένου, μὴ λέγοντος δὲ τὰ ὄντα, ἀλλὰ τὰ μὴ ὄντα ὡς ὄντα κατʼ ἄγνοιαν.
For he adduces Homer's statements about the Pontus and Egypt, accusing him of ignorance, as if Homer wished to state what is, but did not state what is, but rather what is not as though it were, through ignorance.
Ἡσιόδου δʼ οὐκ ἄν τις αἰτιάσαιτο ἄγνοιαν, ἡμίκυνας λέγοντος καὶ μακροκεφάλους καὶ πυγμαίους· οὐδὲ γὰρ αὐτοῦ Ὁμήρου ταῦτα μυθεύοντος, ὧν εἰσι καὶ οὗτοι οἱ πυγμαῖοι, οὐδʼ Ἀλκμᾶνος στεγανόποδας ἱστοροῦντος, οὐδʼ Αἰσχύλου κυνοκεφάλους καὶ στερνοφθάλμους καὶ μονομμάτους, ὅπου γε οὐδὲ τοῖς πεζῇ συγγράφουσιν ἐν ἱστορίας σχήματι προσέχομεν περὶ πολλῶν, κἂν μὴ ἐξομολογῶνται τὴν μυθογραφίαν.
But no one would accuse Hesiod of ignorance when he speaks of Half-dogs, Long-heads, and Pygmies; nor indeed of Homer himself when he tells these myths, among whom are also these Pygmies, nor of Alcman when he relates stories of Web-footed men, nor of Aeschylus of Dog-headed, Breast-eyed, and One-eyed men, since indeed we do not pay attention to those who write in prose in the form of history concerning many things, even if they do not confess their myth-writing.
φαίνεται γὰρ εὐθὺς ὅτι μύθους παραπλέκουσιν ἑκόντες οὐκ ἀγνοίᾳ τῶν ὄντων, ἀλλὰ πλάσει τῶν ἀδυνάτων τερατείας καὶ τέρψεως χάριν.
For it is immediately apparent that they weave in myths voluntarily, not through ignorance of what is, but through the invention of impossible things for the sake of wonder and delight.
δοκοῦσι δὲ κατʼ ἄγνοιαν, ὅτι μάλιστα καὶ πιθανῶς τὰ τοιαῦτα μυθεύουσι περὶ τῶν ἀδήλων καὶ τῶν ἀγνοουμένων.
But they seem to do so through ignorance, because they tell such myths especially and plausibly about things that are unseen and unknown.
Θεόπομπος δὲ ἐξομολογεῖται φήσας ὅτι καὶ μύθους ἐν ταῖς ἱστορίαις ἐρεῖ, κρεῖττον ἢ ὡς Ἡρόδοτος καὶ Κτησίας καὶ Ἑλλάνικος καὶ οἱ τὰ Ἰνδικὰ συγγράψαντες. §1.2.36περὶ δὲ τῶν τοῦ ὠκεανοῦ παθῶν εἴρηται μὲν ἐν μύθου σχήματι·
But Theopompus confesses, saying that he will also tell myths in his histories, better than Herodotus, Ctesias, Hellanicus, and those who wrote on Indian affairs did. Concerning the phenomena of the ocean, indeed, they are spoken of in the form of a myth; for indeed we must assume that the poet aims at this.
καὶ γὰρ τούτου στοχάζεσθαι δεῖ τὸν ποιητήν. ἀπὸ γὰρ τῶν ἀμπώτεων καὶ τῶν πλημμυρίδων ἡ Χάρυβδις αὐτῷ μεμύθευται, οὐδʼ αὐτὴ παντάπασιν Ὁμήρου πλάσμα οὖσα, ἀλλʼ ἀπὸ τῶν ἱστορουμένων περὶ τὸν Σικελικὸν πορθμὸν διεσκευασμένη.
For Charybdis has been mythologized by him from the ebbs and flows, not being herself entirely a creation of Homer, but adapted from the stories told about the Sicilian Strait.
εἰ δὲ δὶς τῆς παλιρροίας γινομένης καθʼ ἑκάστην ἡμέραν καὶ νύκτα ἐκεῖνος τρὶς εἴρηκε
τρὶς μὲν γάρ τʼ ἀνίησιν ἐπʼ ἤματι, τρὶς δʼ ἀναροιβδεῖ,
λέγοιτʼ ἂν καὶ οὕτως· οὐ γὰρ κατʼ ἄγνοιαν τῆς ἱστορίας ὑποληπτέον λέγεσθαι τοῦτο, ἀλλὰ τραγῳδίας χάριν καὶ φόβου, ὃν ἡ Κίρκη πολὺν τοῖς λόγοις προστίθησιν ἀποτροπῆς χάριν, ὥστε καὶ τὸ ψεῦδος παραμίγνυσθαι.
And if, although the tide occurs twice during each day and night, he has said "thrice": "For thrice a day she sends it up, and thrice she sucks it down," it might be spoken of in this way too; for we must not suppose that this is said through ignorance of the fact, but for the sake of tragic effect and terror, which Circe adds in large measure to her words for the sake of warning, so that falsehood also is mixed in.
ἐν αὐτοῖς γοῦν τοῖς ἔπεσι τούτοις εἴρηκε μὲν οὕτως ἡ Κίρκη
τρὶς μὲν γάρ τʼ ἀνίησιν ἐπʼ ἤματι, τρὶς δʼ ἀναροιβδεῖ δεινόν·
At any rate, in these very verses Circe has spoken thus: "For thrice a day she sends it up, and thrice she sucks it down terribly.
μὴ σύ γε κεῖθι τύχοις, ὅτε ῥοιβδήσειε· οὐ γάρ κεν ῥύσαιτό σʼ ὑπὲκ κακοῦ οὐδʼ Ἐνοσίχθων. καὶ μὴν παρέτυχέ τε τῇ ἀναρροιβδήσει ὁ Ὀδυσσεὺς καὶ οὐκ ἀπώλετο, ὥς φησιν αὐτός
ἡ μὲν ἀνερροίβδησε θαλάσσης ἁλμυρὸν ὕδωρ· αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ ποτὶ μακρὸν ἐρινεὸν ὑψόσʼ ἀερθείς, τῷ προσφὺς ἐχόμην, ὡς νυκτερίς. εἶτα περιμείνας τὰ ναυάγια καὶ λαβόμενος πάλιν αὐτῶν σώζεται, ὥστʼ ἐψεύσατο ἡ Κίρκη.
May you not be there when she sucks it down; for not even the Earth-shaker could rescue you from ruin." And yet, Odysseus did happen to be present at the sucking down and did not perish, as he himself says: "She sucked down the salt water of the sea; but I, raised aloft to the tall wild fig-tree, clung to it, holding fast like a bat." Then, having waited for the wreckage and having caught hold of it again, he is saved, so that Circe spoke falsely.
ὡς οὖν τοῦτο, κἀκεῖνο τὸ
τρὶς μὲν γάρ τʼ ἀνίησιν ἐπʼ ἤματι
ἀντὶ τοῦ δίς, ἅμα καὶ τῆς ὑπερβολῆς τῆς τοιαύτης συνήθους πᾶσιν οὔσης, τρισμακαρίους καὶ τρισαθλίους λεγόντων· καὶ ὁ ποιητής
τρισμάκαρες Δαναοί,
καί
ἀσπασίη τρίλλιστος,
τριχθά τε καὶ τετραχθά.
Therefore, just as in this case, so also that expression "for thrice a day she sends it up" is instead of "twice", and at the same time such an exaggeration is common to all, as when they say "thrice-blessed" and "thrice-wretched"; and the poet: "thrice-blessed Danaans", and: "welcome, thrice-prayed-for", "into three and four pieces".
ἴσως δʼ ἄν τις καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς ὥρας τεκμήραιτο, ὅτι ὑπαινίττεταί πως τὸ ἀληθές· μᾶλλον γὰρ ἂν ἐφαρμόττοι τῷ δὶς γενέσθαι τὴν παλίρροιαν κατὰ τὸν συνάμφω χρόνον, τὸν ἐξ ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός, ἢ τῷ τρὶς τοσοῦτον χρόνον μεῖναι τὰ ναυάγια ὑποβρύχια, ὀψὲ δὲ ἀναβληθῆναι ποθοῦντι. καὶ συνεχῶς προσισχομένῳ τοῖς κλάδοις
νωλεμέως δʼ ἐχόμην, ὄφρʼ ἐξεμέσειεν ὀπίσσω ἱστὸν καὶ τρόπιν αὖτις, ἐελδομένῳ δέ μοι ἦλθεν ὄψʼ· ἦμός τʼ ἐπὶ δόρπον ἀνὴρ ἀγορῆθεν ἀνέστη, κρίνων νείκεα πολλὰ δικαζομένων αἰζηῶν, καὶ τότε δήμοι δοῦρα Χαρύβδιος ἐξεφαάνθη. πάντα γὰρ ταῦτα χρόνου τινὸς ἔμφασιν ἀξιολόγου δίδωσι, καὶ μάλιστα τὸ τὴν ἑσπέραν ἐπιτεῖναι, μὴ κοινῶς εἰπόντα, ἡνίκα ὁ δικαστὴς ἀνίσταται, ἀλλʼ ἡνίκα κρίνων νείκεα πολλά, ὥστε βραδῦναι πλέον τι καὶ ἄλλως δὲ οὐ πιθανὴν ἂν ὑπέτεινε τῷ ναυαγῷ τὴν ἀπαλλαγήν, εἰ πρὶν ἀποσπασθῆναι πολὺ καὶ αὐτίκα εἰς τοὐπίσω παλίρρους μετέπιπτεν.
And perhaps one might also infer from the time that he hints in some way at the truth; for it would better fit the tide occurring twice during the combined time of day and night, than for the wreckage to remain submerged three times for so long a time, and to be cast up late to him who was longing for it, and to him continually holding fast to the branches: "I held on relentlessly, until she should vomit back the mast and keel again; and to my longing they came late; and at the hour when a man rises from the assembly for his dinner, after judging many disputes of disputing youths, even then the timbers of Charybdis appeared to me." For all these things give an indication of a considerable length of time, and especially the prolongation of the evening, not speaking generally of when the judge rises, but when he is "judging many disputes", so that he delays still more; and otherwise, he would not have presented a plausible escape for the shipwrecked man, if the tide had turned back immediately before he had been removed far from it.