§1.2.26χωρὶς δὲ τούτων ἐστὶ καὶ ἄλλως διαιρεῖν τὴν Αἰθιοπίαν.
Apart from these things, it is also possible to divide Ethiopia in another way.
πάντες γὰρ οἱ παραπλεύσαντες τῷ ὠκεανῷ τὴν Λιβύην, οἵ τε ἀπὸ τῆς Ἐρυθρᾶς καὶ οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν στηλῶν, μέχρι ποσοῦ προελθόντες εἶτα ἀνέστρεψαν ὑπὸ πολλῶν ἀποριῶν κωλυόμενοι, ὥστε καὶ πίστιν κατέλιπον τοῖς πολλοῖς, ὡς τὸ μεταξὺ διείργοιτο ἰσθμῷ· καὶ μὴν σύρρους ἡ πᾶσα Ἀτλαντικὴ θάλαττα, καὶ μάλιστα ἡ κατὰ μεσημβρίαν.
For all those who sailed along Libya by the ocean, both those from the Red Sea and those from the Pillars, having advanced up to a certain point, then turned back, hindered by many difficulties, so that they even left a belief in the minds of most people that the intervening space was blocked by an isthmus; and yet, the whole Atlantic Ocean is continuous, and especially the southern part.
ἅπαντες δὲ οὗτοι τὰ τελευταῖα χωρία, ἐφʼ ἃ πλέοντες ἦλθον, Αἰθιοπικὰ προσηγόρευσαν καὶ ἀπήγγειλαν οὕτως.
And all these people called the outermost regions, to which they came in their sailing, Ethiopian, and reported them as such.
τί οὖν ἄλογον, εἰ καὶ Ὅμηρος ὑπὸ τοιαύτης ἀκοῆς ἀχθεὶς δίχα διῄρει, τοὺς μὲν πρὸς ἀνατολὴν λέγων, τοὺς δὲ πρὸς δύσιν, τῶν μεταξὺ οὐ γινωσκομένων εἴτε εἰσὶν εἴτε μὴ εἰσίν;
What is unreasonable, then, if Homer also, led by such reports, divided them in two, speaking of some toward the east and others toward the west, since the intervening people were not known, whether they existed or did not exist?
ἀλλὰ μὴν καὶ ἄλλην τινὰ ἱστορίαν εἴρηκεν παλαιὰν Ἔφορος, ᾗ οὐκ ἄλογον ἐντυχεῖν καὶ Ὅμηρον.
Moreover, Ephorus tells another ancient story, which it is not unreasonable that Homer also met with.
λέγεσθαι γάρ φησιν ὑπὸ τῶν Ταρτησσίων Αἰθίοπας τὴν Λιβύην ἐπελθόντας μέχρι αὐάσεως τοὺς μὲν αὐτοῦ μεῖναι, τοὺς δὲ καὶ τῆς παραλίας κατασχεῖν πολλήν· τεκμαίρεται δʼ ἐκ τούτου καὶ Ὅμηρον εἰπεῖν οὕτως
Αἰθίοπες, τοὶ διχθὰ δεδαίαται, ἔσχατοι ἀνδρῶν. §1.2.27ταῦτά τε δὴ πρὸς τὸν Ἀρίσταρχον λέγοι ἄν τις καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἀκολουθοῦντας αὐτῷ καὶ ἄλλα τούτων ἐπιεικέστερα, ἀφʼ ὧν τὴν πολλὴν ἄγνοιαν ἀφαιρήσεται τοῦ ποιητοῦ.
For he says it is said by the Tartessians that Ethiopians, having overrun Libya as far as the oasis, some remained there, while others also occupied much of the coast; and from this he infers that Homer also spoke thus: 'Ethiopians, who are divided in two, the outermost of men.' Indeed, one might say these things to Aristarchus and to those who follow him, and other things more plausible than these, by which one will remove the great charge of ignorance from the poet.
φημὶ γὰρ κατὰ τὴν τῶν ἀρχαίων Ἑλλήνων δόξαν, ὥσπερ τὰ πρὸς βορρᾶν μέρη τὰ γνώριμα ἑνὶ ὀνόματι Σκύθας ἐκάλουν ἢ νομάδας, ὡς Ὅμηρος, ὕστερον δὲ καὶ τῶν πρὸς ἑσπέραν γνωσθέντων Κελτοὶ καὶ Ἴβηρες ἢ μικτῶς Κελτίβηρες καὶ Κελτοσκύθαι προσηγορεύοντο, ὑφʼ ἓν ὄνομα τῶν καθʼ ἕκαστα ἐθνῶν ταττομένων διὰ τὴν ἄγνοιαν, οὕτω τὰ μεσημβρινὰ πάντα Αἰθιοπίαν καλεῖσθαι τὰ πρὸς ὠκεανῷ.
For I say that, according to the opinion of the ancient Greeks, just as they called the known parts toward the north by the single name of Scythians or Nomads, as Homer does, and later, of the parts known toward the west, they were addressed as Celts and Iberians, or mixedly Celtiberians and Celto-Scythians, the individual nations being arranged under a single name because of ignorance, so all the southern parts along the ocean were called Ethiopia.
μαρτυρεῖ δὲ τὰ τοιαῦτα.
And such things bear witness.
ὅ τε γὰρ Αἰσχύλος ἐν Προμηθεῖ τῷ λυομένῳ φησὶν οὕτω
φοινικόπεδόν τʼ ἐρυθρᾶς ἱερὸν χεῦμα θαλάσσης, χαλκοκέραυνόν τε παρʼ ὠκεανῷ λίμναν παντοτρόφον Αἰθιόπων, ἵνʼ ὁ παντόπτας Ἥλιος αἰεὶ χρῶτʼ ἀθάνατον κάματόν θʼ ἵππων θερμαῖς ὕδατος μαλακοῦ προχοαῖς ἀναπαύει. παρʼ ὅλον γὰρ τὸ μεσημβρινὸν κλίμα τοῦ ὠκεανοῦ ταύτην πρὸς τὸν ἥλιον ἴσχοντος τὴν χρείαν καὶ τὴν σχέσιν, παρʼ ὅλον καὶ τοὺς Αἰθίοπας τάττων φαίνεται.
For Aeschylus in Prometheus Unbound says thus: 'And the red-soiled holy stream of the Red Sea, and the bronze-thundering all-nourishing lake of the Ethiopians by the ocean, where the all-seeing Sun always rests his immortal body and the weariness of his horses in the warm outpourings of soft water.' For since the ocean along the whole southern region has this use and relation to the sun, he clearly places the Ethiopians also along the whole of it.
ὅ τʼ Εὐριπίδης ἐν τῷ Φαέθοντι τὴν Κλυμένην δοθῆναί φησι
Μέροπι τῆσδʼ ἄνακτι γῆς, ἣν ἐκ τεθρίππων ἁρμάτων πρώτην χθόνα Ἥλιος ἀνίσχων χρυσέᾳ βάλλει φλογί· καλοῦσι δʼ αὐτὴν γείτονες μελάμβροτοι Ἕω φαεννὰς Ἡλίου θʼ ἱπποστάσεις. νῦν μὲν δὴ κοινὰς ποιεῖται τὰς ἱπποστάσεις τῇ τε Ἠοῖ καὶ τῷ Ἡλίῳ, ἐν δὲ τοῖς ἑξῆς πλησίον αὐτάς φησιν εἶναι τῇ οἰκήσει τοῦ Μέροπος· καὶ ὅλῃ γε τῇ δραματουργίᾳ τοῦτο παραπέπλεκται, οὐ δή που τῆς κατʼ Αἴγυπτον ἴδιον ὄν, μᾶλλον δὲ τῆς παρʼ ὅλον τὸ μεσημβρινὸν κλίμα διηκούσης παραλίας.
And Euripides in Phaethon says that Clymene was given 'to Merops, ruler of this land, which, as the first land, the rising Sun from his four-horse chariot strikes with golden flame; and the dark-skinned neighbors call it the radiant stalls of Dawn and the Sun.' Now, indeed, he makes the stalls common both to Dawn and the Sun, but in what follows he says that they are near to the dwelling of Merops; and indeed, this is interwoven with the whole dramatic action, which surely is not peculiar to the region next to Egypt, but rather to the coast extending along the whole southern region.