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Theophrastus · Fragments §68.1

Definition of Topic and Derivation of Premises

Passage 67 of 196 · Greek

Summary

Theophrastus' definition of a topic (topos) is presented, explaining that it serves as a principle or element that is definite in outline but indefinite regarding particulars, from which one can readily derive reputable premises for any given problem.

§68.1Fr. 68 Ἔστιν ὁ τόπος, ὡς λέγει Θ., ἀρχή τις ἢ στοχεῖον ἀφʼ οὗ λαμβάνομεν τὰς περὶ ἕκαστον ἀρχὰς, ἐπιστήσαντες τὴν διάνοιαν, τῇ περιγραφῇ μὲν ὡρισμένως, ἢ γὰρ περιλαμβάνει τὰ κοινά τε καὶ καθόλου ἅ ἐστι τὰ κύρια τῶν συλλογισμῶν, ἢ δύναταί γε ἐξ αὐτῶν τὰ τοιαῦτα δείκνυσθαί τε καὶ λαμβάνεσθαι, - τοῖς δὲ καθʼ ἕκαστα ἀορίστως· ἀπὸ τούτων γὰρ ὁρμώμενον ἔστιν εὐπορεῖν προτάσεως ἐνδόξου πρὸς τὸ προκείμενον· τοῦτο γὰρ ἡ ἀρχή.
A topic (topos) is, as Theophrastus says, a certain principle or element from which we derive the principles concerning each subject by applying our intellect, in outline, indeed, definitely—for it either encompasses the common and universal things which are the principal elements of syllogisms, or at least such things can be demonstrated and derived from them—but in respect of particulars, indefinitely; for starting from these, it is possible to find an abundance of reputable premises for the problem at hand; for this is the principle.

Notes

  1. Fr. 68ἐπιστήσαντες τὴν διάνοιαν — Aorist active participle, masculine plural nominative of ἐφίστημι. Agreeing with the subject of the main verb λαμβάνομεν (we), it expresses means ('by applying our intellect') or attendant circumstance.
  2. Fr. 68ὁρμώμενον — Present middle participle, masculine accusative singular. In the construction consisting of the impersonal verb ἔστιν (it is possible) and the infinitive εὐπορεῖν, it agrees with the implied subject of the infinitive, which is an indefinite accusative ('for one'). Although it morphologically resembles a neuter singular, it is a masculine accusative modifying the implicit subject.

Cite this passage

Theophrastus, Fragments §68.1. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0093.tlg010x09.humanitext-grc1:68.1

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