Humanitext Reader

Theophrastus · Fragments §18.1

Beginning the Study of Nature from Sensation and Appearances

Passage 6 of 196 · Greek

Summary

Through a quotation from the first book of Theophrastus' Physics, it is argued that when investigating natural principles, one must start from perceptions and appearances, which are more knowable to us.

§18.1Fr. 18 Ὅλως δὲ ὡς κοινῶς εἰπεῖν ἀπὸ τῶν αἰσθήσεων καὶ τῶν αἰσθητῶν τῶν περὶ τῶν φυσικῶν ἀρχῶν ἀλήθειαν ἀνιχνευτέον καὶ Θεοφράστῳ πειθομένοις ὃς περὶ τούτου ζητῶν ἐν πρώτῳ τῶν Φυσικῶν τάδε γέγραφε· Ἐπεὶ δὲ οὐκ ἄνευ μὲν κινήσεως οὐδὲ περὶ ἑνὸς λεκτέον· πάντα γὰρ ἐν κινήσει τὰ τῆς φύσεως· ἄνευ δὲ ἀλλοιωτικῆς καὶ παθητικῆς οὐχ ὑπὲρ τῶν περὶ τὸ μέσον, εἰς ταῦτά τε καὶ περὶ τούτων λέγοντας οὐχ οἷόν τε καταλιπεῖν τὴν αἴσθησιν ἀλλʼ ἀπὸ ταύτης ἀρχομένους πειρᾶσθαι χρὴ θεωρεῖν ἢ τὰ φαινόμενα λαμβάνοντας καθʼ ἑαυτὰ ἢ ἀπὸ τούτων εἴ τινες ἄρα κυριώτεραι καὶ πρότεραι τούτων ἀρχαί·
Fr. 18 On the whole, to speak generally, the truth about natural principles must be traced from perceptions and perceptible things, also for those who follow Theophrastus, who, investigating this in the first book of his Physics, has written as follows: "Since, on the one hand, one must not speak of even a single thing without motion—for all things of nature are in motion—and, on the other hand, without motion that is alterative and passive, one must not speak of things around the center, for those who direct their words to these things and speak about them, it is impossible to abandon perception; rather, starting from this, one must try to investigate, either by taking the appearances in themselves, or from these, if there are indeed any principles that are more authoritative and prior to them.
καὶ κάλλιον οἶμαι τοιοῦτόν τινα τρόπον τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν ἡμῖν γνωριμωτέρων ἐπὶ τὰς ἀρχὰς ἐπίβασιν γίνεσθαι.
And I think it is better for the approach from what is more knowable to us to the principles to take place in some such manner."

Notes

  1. 18.1ἀνιχνευτέον — Verbal adjective in -τέος used impersonally, taking the accusative object "τὴν ... ἀλήθειαν" (the truth), expressing necessity ("one must trace").
  2. 18.1ἄνευ δὲ ἀλλοιωτικῆς καὶ παθητικῆς οὐχ ὑπὲρ τῶν περὶ τὸ μέσον — In contrast to the preceding "οὐκ ἄνευ μὲν κινήσεως οὐδὲ περὶ ἑνὸς λεκτέον" (marked by μέν... δέ), the words "κινήσεως" and "λεκτέον" are omitted. The sense is: "and without [motion] that is alterative and passive, [one must] not [speak] about things around the center."
  3. 18.1εἰς ταῦτά τε καὶ περὶ τούτων λέγοντας — The accusative participle "λέγοντας" functions as the subject of the infinitive "καταλιπεῖν" dependent on the impersonal construction "οὐχ οἷόν τε" (it is impossible).
  4. 18.1τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν ἡμῖν γνωριμωτέρων ἐπὶ τὰς ἀρχὰς ἐπίβασιν γίνεσθαι — An accusative-and-infinitive (AcI) construction serving as the object of "οἶμαι" (I think). "γίνεσθαι" is the infinitive, and "τὴν ... ἐπίβασιν" (the approach/ascent) is its subject.

Cite this passage

Theophrastus, Fragments §18.1. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0093.tlg010x09.humanitext-grc1:18.1

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.