§1.1Ἐν τίνι ποθʼ ὁ κόπος ἢ τίσιν ὡς πρώτῳ, πότερον ὡς Ἐπιγένης ὑπέλαβεν ἐν φλεβὶ καὶ νεύρῳ ἢ μόνον ἐν νεύρῳ, τούτου γὰρ καὶ ἡ κίνησις, ἢ ὑπερβολῇ συντήξεως διὰ κίνησιν, ἢ ἁπλῶς οὗπερ πόνος ταύτῃ καὶ ὁ κόπος, διὸ καὶ ἀεὶ βαρύνεται ὁ κοπιῶν;
In what, then, or in what things does fatigue primarily occur? Is it, as Epigenes supposed, in the blood vessels and the sinews, or only in the sinews, since movement also comes from this? Or is it due to an excess of waste matter from movement, or simply wherever pain is, there is also fatigue, which is why a fatigued person always feels heavy?
εἰ οὖν τὸ νεῦρον μὴ δεκτικὸν ὑγρότητος οὐκ ἂν ἐνταῦθα ὁ κόπος ἐνείη κατὰ φύσιν·
If, therefore, the sinew is not receptive to moisture, fatigue would not naturally be present there.
εἰ δὲ ὁ κόπος ἐξαλλαγή τις, ἄτοπον εἰ μὴ διʼ ὧν ἡ κίνησις καὶ ὁ πόνος ἐν τούτοις καὶ ὁ κόπος ἀλλʼ ἐκ τῆς κινήσεως ἐπιρροῇ τῆς συντήξεως εἰς αὐτὰ ταῦτα καὶ τὰς καμπὰς ἅπερ μάλιστα βαρύνονται καὶ κοπιῶσι.
But if fatigue is a kind of alteration, it would be absurd if fatigue were not in the very parts through which movement and pain occur, but rather arose from the movement through the influx of waste matter into these very parts and the joints, which are the very parts that become most heavy and fatigued.
§1.2Λέγουσι δὲ καὶ τὰς σάρκας καὶ ὅλον τὸ σῶμα κοπιᾶν, ὅθεν καὶ τοὺς ὀστεοκόπους καὶ ὀστάγρας καλοῦσιν.
People say that the flesh and the whole body also fatigue, which is why they also call it bone-fatigue and bone-ache.
Εἰ δʼ ἐν ὀστοῖς ὁ κόπος, πότερον ὡς κινοῦσιν ἢ κινουμένοις ἢ ὡς ἐπιρροὴν δεχομένοις;
But if fatigue is in the bones, is it as things that move, or are moved, or as receiving an influx?
ἢ οὐδὲν κωλύει τρόπον τινὰ ἀμφοτέρως, καὶ κινούμενά πως καὶ δεχόμενα τὴν ἐπιρροήν.
Or does nothing prevent it from being in some way both, being moved in a sense and receiving the influx?
Ὅταν γὰρ εἰς τὸ ἐντὸς διίκηται διὰ πλῆθος τοῦ πόνου τοῦτʼ ἐν τοῖς ὀστοῖς κόπος· ἐπεὶ καὶ ἐν τῇ σαρκὶ καὶ ἐν ὅλοις τοῖς σώμασιν, ὃ δὴ καλοῦσι συγκεκόφθαι· ὁ διαδοθέντος συμβαίνει τοῦ πόνου πρὸς ἅπαντα τὰ μέρη καὶ μάλισθʼ οἷς ἄν τις ἐνεργῇ καθάπερ τοῖς ἄνω καὶ κάτω, καὶ αὐτῶν τούτων μορίοις τισὶν ὥσπερ καὶ ἐν ταῖς σκληροκοιτίαις.
For when, because of the abundance of pain, it penetrates to the inside, this is fatigue in the bones; since it occurs also in the flesh and in the whole body, which indeed they call being "shattered." This happens when the pain is distributed to all the parts, and especially to those which one exercises, like the upper and lower limbs, and to certain parts of these, just as in sleeping on hard beds.
§1.3Ὡς δʼ ἁπλῶς εἰπεῖν ἐν τοῖς καμπτομένοις μέρεσι μάλιστα καὶ νευρωδεστάτοις ὅταν τις σύντηξις ἐπὶ τὰ νεῦρα καὶ τὰς καμπὰς ἔλθῃ· καὶ ἡ βαρύτης ἀπὸ ταύτης.
To speak simply, it occurs especially in the parts that bend and are most full of sinews, whenever some waste matter comes upon the sinews and the joints; and the heaviness arises from this.
Διὸ καὶ οὐδεὶς πώποτε τὴν γαστέρα ἐκοπίασεν οὐδὲ τὴν κεφαλήν.
Therefore, no one has ever experienced fatigue in the stomach or the head.
Ἆρα δὲ ὅταν καὶ ἄλλως πως ἡ ὑγρότης ἐπιρρυῇ πάντως κόπος;
But does fatigue always occur when moisture flows in in some other way?
οὐ γὰρ ἂν ἔτι διὰ τὴν κίνησιν.
For then it would no longer be due to movement.
Ἢ τοῦτο μὲν οὐκ ἀναγκαῖον * ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον πόνος τις ἀκολουθεῖ· καὶ γὰρ καθήμενοι καὶ ἑστῶτες καὶ κατακείμενοί φασι κοπιᾶν καὶ ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ σχήματι· καὶ ἡ πίεσις ἐπίπονον, οἷον γὰρ θλίψις καὶ πλήγη τις.
Or is this not necessary, but rather a kind of pain follows; for even those who sit, stand, and lie down say they fatigue, even in the same posture; and pressure is painful, for it is like a squeeze or a kind of blow.
§1.4Ἀλλʼ ἐνίοτε δὴ καὶ ὑπὸ πλησμονῆς καὶ ἀγρυπνίας καὶ ὑπὸ κατάρρου φασὶ κοπιᾶν· ἅπαντα δέ πως καὶ ταῦτα πλῆθος ὑγρότητος.
But sometimes they say they fatigue even from fullness, sleeplessness, and catarrh; and all of these are in some way an abundance of moisture.
Ἥ τε γὰρ πλησμονὴ μὴ κρατοῦντος τοῦ σώματος, ἥ τε ἀγρυπμε νία κωλύει τὴν πέψιν, ὅ τε κατάρρους φανερά τις σύντηξις ἢ ἁπλῶς εἰπεῖν ὑγρότης.
For fullness occurs when the body does not master it, sleeplessness prevents concoction, and catarrh is an obvious kind of waste matter, or simply speaking, moisture.
Πότερον οὖν κόπος ταῦτα ἢ ὠμότης ἢ διάθεσις, ὥσπερ καὶ ἐκ τῶν ὕπνων συμβαίνει;
Is this then fatigue, or crudity, or a state such as occurs from sleep?
βαρύνονται γὰρ διὰ τὴν σύντηξιν.
For they become heavy because of the waste matter.
§1.5Ἢ οὐδὲν κωλύει διὰ πλείους αἰτίας γίνεσθαι τὸν κόπον.
Or nothing prevents fatigue from arising due to multiple causes.
Ἐπεὶ ἐνίοτε καὶ κατεξηραμμένου τοῦ σώματος καὶ οὐδεμιᾶς ὑγρότητος ὑπαρχούσης οὐδαμοῦ κοπιῶσι καὶ μάλιστά γʼ ὡς εἰπεῖν οὗτοι.
Since sometimes they feel fatigued even when the body is dried up and no moisture exists anywhere, and indeed, one might say, these people especially so.
Πλὴν εἴ τις * ἐν τούτοις τοῖς μέρεσι λέγοι τὴν σύντηξιν ὑπάρχειν· ἐπεὶ ὅταν γε ἁπλῶς ὑγρότητος ἐπιρροὴ γένηταί τις οὐ πάντως κόπος ὥσπερ τοῖς ὑδρωπιῶσι τοῖς ἐπὶ καθέδρας ὧν τὰ γόνατα καὶ οἱ πόδες οἰδοῦσιν.
Unless someone were to say that the waste matter exists in these very parts; since whenever there is simply some influx of moisture, fatigue does not always occur, just as with dropsical patients who sit, whose knees and feet swell.
Οὐδὲ γὰρ ὅλως ὅταν ὑγρανθῇ καὶ βαρυνθῇ τὸ σῶμα· σχεδὸν γὰρ πᾶσι τοῦτο συμβαίνει ἐν τοῖς νοτίοις.
Nor indeed does it occur at all whenever the body becomes moist and heavy; for this happens to nearly everyone when the south wind blows.