§1.9Ὡς δ᾿ αὕτως καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς ἡμέρας ἔχουσιν αἱ μεταβολαὶ ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολύ.
In the same way, changes also occur with respect to the day for the most part.
ἀνατολὴ γὰρ καὶ πρωὶ καὶ μεσημβρία καὶ δείλη καὶ δύσις, καὶ τὰ τῆς νυκτὸς μέρη τὰ ἀνάλογα ταὐτὸ ποιεῖ τοῖς εἰρημένοις περὶ πνευμάτων καὶ χειμῶνος καὶ εὐδίας.
For sunrise, morning, noon, afternoon, sunset, and the corresponding parts of the night bring about the same effect as what has been said concerning winds, storms, and fair weather.
μάλιστα γὰρ ἐὰν μέλλῃ μεταβάλλειν, ἐν ταῖς διχοτομίαις μεταβάλλει.
For especially if the weather is about to change, it changes in the divisions into halves.
καθόλου μὲν οὖν τὰς ὥρας οὕτω δεῖ παρατηρεῖν, καθ᾿ ἕκαστα δὲ τῶν σημείων κατὰ τὸν ὑπογεγραμμένον τρόπον.
Generally then, one must observe the seasons (or divisions of time) in this way, but each of the signs according to the manner described below.
§1.10Ὕδατος μὲν οὖν σημεῖα τὰ τοιαῦτα δοκεῖ εἶναι.
Now, the signs of rain seem to be as follows.
ἐναργέστατον μὲν οὖν τὸ ἑωθινόν, ὅταν πρὸ ἡλίου ἀνατολῆς φαίνηται ἐπιφοινίσσον σημεῖον· ἢ γὰρ αὐθημερινὸν ἐπισημαίνει ἢ τριῶν ἡμερῶν ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολύ.
Most distinct of all is the morning sign, when before sunrise a reddish sign appears; for it indicates rain either on the very same day or, for the most part, within three days.
δηλοῖ δὲ καὶ τὰ ἄλλα σημεῖα· ἐὰν γὰρ μὴ πρότερον, τριταῖα μάλιστα σημαίνει τὸ ἐπιφοινίσσον καὶ δύνοντος, ἧττον δὲ ἢ τὸ ἑωθινοῦ.
Other signs also show this; for if not sooner, a reddish sign at sunset also indicates rain, especially on the third day, though less surely than the morning one.
§1.11Καὶ ἐὰν δύνῃ χειμῶνος ἢ ἔαρος εἰς νεφέλιον. τριῶν ἡμερῶν ὡς τὰ πολλὰ ἐπισημαίνει.
And if in winter or spring the sun sets into a small cloud, it indicates rain for the most part within three days.
καὶ ἐὰν ῥάβδοι νοτόθεν, ταὐτὰ δὲ ταῦτα βορρᾶθεν γινόμενα ἀσθενέστερα.
And if there are streaks of light (or mock-suns) from the south; and these same things occurring from the north are weaker signs.
καὶ ἐὰν ἀνίσχων μέλαν σημεῖον ἴσχῃ.
And if, when rising, the sun has a black mark.
καὶ ἐὰν ἐκ νεφελῶν ἐν έχῃ, ὑδατικόν, καὶ ἐὰν ἀκτῖνες ἀνίσχοντος ἀνατείνωσι πρὶν ἀνατεῖλαι, κοινὸν ὕδατος σημεῖον καὶ ἀνέμου.
And if it is enclosed in clouds, it is a sign of rain. And if the rays of the rising sun shoot upward before it has actually risen, it is a common sign of rain and wind.
καὶ ἐὰν καταφερομένου τοῦ ἡλίου ὑφίστηται νέφος, ὑφ᾿ οὗ ἐὰν σχίζωνται αἱ ἀκτῖνες, χειμερινὸν τὸ σημεῖον.
And if, as the sun is setting, a cloud lies beneath it, by which the rays are split, the sign is stormy.
καὶ ὅταν καυματίας δύηται καὶ ἀνατέλλῃ, ἐὰν μὴ ἄνεμος γένηται, ὕδατος τὸ σημεῖον.
And when it sets and rises in burning heat, if no wind arises, it is a sign of rain.
§1.12Τὰ αὐτὰ δὲ σημαίνει καὶ σελήνη πανσελήνῳ ἀνίσχουσα, ἀσθενέστερα δὲ ὁ μείς.
The moon also, when rising at full, indicates the same things, but the new moon does so more weakly.
ἐὰν μὲν ᾖ πυρώδης, πνευματώδη σημαίνει τὸν μῆνα, ἐὰν δὲ ζοφώδης, ὑδατώδη·
If the moon is fiery, it indicates a windy month; but if it is dark and gloomy, a wet month.
σημαίνει δὲ ὅτι ἂν σημαίνῃ τριταῖος ὢν ὁ μείς.
And whatever the new moon indicates, it does so when it is three days old.
§1.13Ἀστέρες πολλοὶ διᾴττοντες ὕδατος ἢ πνεύματος, καὶ ὅθεν ἂν διάττωσιν ἐντεῦθεν τὸ πνεῦμα ἢ τὸ ὕδωρ.
Many shooting stars are a sign of rain or wind, and from whichever direction they shoot, from there the wind or rain will come.
καὶ ἐὰν ἀκτῖνες ἀθρόαι ἀνίσχωσιν ἀνιόντος ἢ δύνοντος, σημεῖον ὕδατος.
And if rays in dense clusters shoot up as the sun rises or sets, it is a sign of rain.
καὶ ὅταν ἀνίσχοντος τοῦ ἡλίου αἱ αὐγαὶ οἷον ἐκλείποντος χρῶμα ἴσχωσιν, ὕδατος σημεῖον.
And when, as the sun is rising, its beams have a color like that of an eclipse, it is a sign of rain.
καὶ ὅταν νεφέλαι πόκοις ἐρίων ὅμοιαι ὦσιν, ὕδωρ σημαίνει.
And when clouds are like fleeces of wool, it indicates rain.
πομφόλυγες ἀνιστάμεναι πλείους ἐπὶ τῶν ποταμῶν ὕδωρ σημαίνουσι πολύ.
Many bubbles rising on rivers indicate much rain.
ὡς δ᾿ ἐπὶ τὸ πολὺ ἶρις περὶ λύχνον ἢ διὰ λύχνου διαφαινομένη νότια σημαίνει ὕδατα.
And for the most part, a halo around a lamp, or shining through a lamp, indicates rain from the south.
§1.14Καὶ οἱ μύκητες ἐὰν νότια ᾖ, ὕδωρ σημαίνουσι.
And snuff (or carbonaceous deposits) on lamp-wicks, if south winds prevail, indicates rain.
σημαίνουσι δὲ καὶ ἄνεμον κατὰ λόγον ὡς ἂν ἔχωσι πλήθους καὶ μεγέθους, σμικροὶ δὲ καὶ κεγχρώδεις καὶ λαμπροὶ ὕδωρ καὶ ἄνεμον.
And they also indicate wind in proportion to their number and size; but small, millet-like, and bright ones indicate both rain and wind.
καὶ ὅταν χειμῶνος τὴν φλόγα ὁ λύχονος ἀπωθῇ διαλιπὼν οἷον πομφόλυγας, ὕδατος σημεῖον, καὶ ἐὰν πηδῶσιν αἱ ἀκτῖνες ἐπ᾿ αὐτόν, καὶ ἐὰν σπινθῆρες ἐπιγένωνται.
And when in winter the lamp repels its flame, leaving gaps like bubbles, it is a sign of rain; and if rays of light jump upon the wick, and if sparks form on it.
§1.15Ὄρνιθες λουόμενοι μὴ ἐν ὕδατι βιοῦντες ὕδωρ ἢ χειμῶνας σημαίνουσι.
Birds that do not live in water, when bathing themselves, indicate rain or storms.
καὶ φρύνη λουομένη καὶ βάτραχοι μᾶλλον ᾄδοντες σημαίνουσιν ὕδωρ.
And a toad bathing, and frogs croaking more than usual, indicate rain.
καὶ ἡ σαύρα φαινομένη, ἣν καλοῦσι σαλαμάνδραν, ἔτι δὲ καὶ χλωρὸς βάτραχος ἐπὶ δένδρου ᾄδων ὕδωρ σημαίνει.
And the lizard appearing which they call "salamander", and also a green frog croaking on a tree, indicates rain.
χελιδόνες τῇ γαστρὶ τύπτουσαι τὰς λίμνας ὕδωρ σημαίνουσι.
Swallows striking the lakes with their bellies indicate rain.
βοὺς τὴν προσθίαν ὁπλὴν λείξας χειμῶνα ἢ ὕδωρ σημαίνει. ἐὰν δὲ εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀνακύπτων ὀσφραίνηται, ὕδωρ σημαίνει.
An ox licking its fore-hoof indicates a storm or rain; and if it looks up to the sky and snuffs the air, it indicates rain.
§1.16Κορώνη ἐπὶ πέτρας κορυσσομένη ἣν κῦμα κατακλύζει ὕδωρ σημαίνει· καὶ κολυμβῶσα πολλάκις καὶ περιπετομένη ὕδωρ σημαίνει.
A crow on a rock jutting its head (or preening) which the wave washes over indicates rain; and if it dives frequently and flies about, it indicates rain.
κόραξ πολλὰς μεταβάλλειν εἰωθὼς φωνάς, τούτων ἐὰν ταχὺ δὶς φθέγξηται καὶ ἐπιρροιζήσῃ καὶ τινάξῃ τὰ πτέρα, ὕδωρ σημαίνει.
A raven, which is accustomed to make many different sounds, if it utters two quick cries and makes a whirring sound and shakes its wings, indicates rain.
καὶ ἐὰν ὑετῶν ὄντων πολλὰς μεταβάλλῃ φωνὰς καὶ ἐὰν φθειρίζηται ἐπ᾿ ἐλαίας.
And if during rains it utters many different sounds, and if it preens itself on an olive tree.
καὶ ἐάν τε εὐδίας ἐάν τε ὕδατος ὄντος μιμῆται τῇ φωνῇ οἷον σταλαγμούς, ὕδωρ σημαίνει.
And whether in fair weather or during rain, if it mimics with its voice the sound of dropping water, it indicates rain.
ἐάν τε κόρακες ἐάν τε κολοιοὶ ἄνω πέτωνται καὶ ἱερακίζωσιν, ὕδωρ σημαίνουσι.
And whether ravens or jackdaws fly upward and swoop like hawks, they indicate rain.
καὶ ἐὰν κόραξ εὐδίας μὴ τὴν εἰωθυῖαν φωνὴν ἵῃ καὶ ἐπιρροιβδῇ, ὕδωρ σημαίνει.
And if in fair weather a raven utters a cry different from its usual one and makes a whirring sound, it indicates rain.