§2.3.1Πρὸς τούτοις ὀφείλομεν εἰδέναι ὅτι καὶ αἱ βοτάναι καὶ τὰ εἴδη οὐκ εἰσὶν εἰ μὴ ἐκ συνθέσεως, καὶ οὐκ ἐξ ὕλης ἁπλῆς, ἀλλ’ ὥσπερ ἐστὶν ἡ ἁλυκότης ἀπὸ τοῦ ὕδατος τῆς θαλάσσης καὶ τῆς οὐσίας τῶν ψάμμων.
In addition to these, we must know that both plants and their species (forms) do not exist except from composition, and not from simple matter, but just as the saltness is from the water of the sea and the substance of the sands.
§2.3.2Αἱ ἀναθυμιάσεις γὰρ αἱ ἀναβαίνουσαι, ὅταν συμπαγῶσι, δύνανται συμπεριλαβεῖν τὴν αἰτίαν τῆς τῶν βοτανῶν ὑπάρξεως· καταπίπτει γὰρ ἀὴρ ἐντεῦθεν, καὶ δροσίζει τὸν τόπον, καὶ προέρχονται ἐξ αὐτοῦ διὰ τῆς δυνάμεως τῶν ἀστέρων τὰ εἴδη τῶν σπερμάτων.
For the exhalations that rise, when they condense, can contain within themselves the cause of the existence of plants; for air falls down from there, and dews the place, and from it, through the power of the stars, the forms of seeds come forth.
§2.3.3Ὕλη δὲ ἀναγκαία ἐστὶ τὸ ὕδωρ, εἰ καὶ διαφορά ἐστιν ἐν τῷ γένει τοῦ ὕδατος.
And water is a necessary matter, even if there is a difference in the genus of water.
Τὸ γὰρ ἀνερχόμενον οὐκ ἔστιν εἰ μὴ ὕδωρ γλυκύ· τὸ δὲ ἁλμυρὸν βαρύ ἐστι, καὶ οὐ συναναβαίνει τῷ γλυκεῖ.
For that which rises is nothing but sweet water; but the salty is heavy, and does not rise together with the sweet.
Τὸ δὲ ὑπερβαῖνον τοῦτο τὸ λεπτότερόν ἐστι τοῦ ὕδατος.
And that which exceeds this is the thinner part of the water.
§2.3.4Ὃ δὴ ἐὰν ἐφελκυσθείη ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀέρος, λεπτύνεται καὶ ἐπὶ πλέον ἀναβαίνει, κἀντεῦθεν γίνονται πηγαὶ καὶ ποταμοὶ ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσι, καὶ εἰς πολὺ διατρέχουσι.
Which indeed, if it should be drawn up by the air, becomes thinner and rises further, and from this springs and rivers are formed in the mountains, and run for a great distance.
Καὶ σημεῖον τούτου ἐστὶ τὸ αἷμα τὸ ἀνερχόμενον εἰς τὸν ἐγκέφαλον.
And a sign of this is the blood rising into the brain.
Ὥσπερ γάρ τι ἐκ τῶν τροφῶν μετὰ τῆς ἀναθυμιάσεως ἀνέρχεται, οὕτω καὶ εἰς πάντα τὰ ὕδατα,
For just as something from food rises with the exhalation, so it is also for all waters.
§2.3.5Καὶ γὰρ καί τι τοῦ ὕδατος τοῦ ἁλυκοῦ ἄνεισι μετ’ ἐκείνου ὃ ἐξήρανεν ἡ θερμότης, εἰς τὸ εἶδος τοῦ ἀέρος, ὅς ἐστιν ἀκριβῶς ὑπεράνω παντὸς γλυκέος ὕδατος καὶ ἁλμυροῦ, Παράδειγμα τοῦ δὲ τοῦ λόγου τούτου εὑρήκαμεν ἐν τοῖς βαλανείοις πολλάκις.
For indeed, some of the salty water also ascends with that which the heat dried, into the form of air, which is precisely above all sweet and salty water. And we have often found an example of this argument in the baths.
§2.3.6Ὅταν γὰρ τὸ ὕδωρ τὸ ἁλμυρὸν καταλάβῃ θερμότης, λεπτύνει τὰ μέρη αὐτοῦ, ἀναβαίνει τε ἀναθυμίασις, ἥτις ἦν ἐν τῷ ἐδάφει τοῦ βαλανείου, καὶ ἀναχωροῦσι τὰ πυκνὰ μέρη τῆς ἁλυκότητος μετὰ τοῦ ὑγροῦ τοῦ φυσικοῦ (οὐδὲ γάρ εἰσιν ἐκ τοῦ γένους τοῦ ἀέρος), ἵνα ἀκολουθήσωσι τῇ ἀναθυμιάσει, ἥτις μία μετὰ τὴν ἄλλην προχωρεῖ ἄνω.
For when heat overtakes the salty water, it thins its parts, and exhalation rises, which was on the floor of the bath, and the dense parts of the saltness depart with the natural liquid (for they are not of the genus of air), in order to follow the exhalation, which proceeds upward one after another.
§2.3.7Ὅταν γοῦν προχωρήσωσι πολλαί, καταπιέζεται ὁ ὄροφος, κἀντεῦθεν συνάγεται καὶ συμπήγνυται καὶ ἐπιστρέφει καὶ κάτω στάζει τὸ ὕδωρ τὸ γλυκύ.
Therefore, when many proceed, the ceiling is pressed, and from there the sweet water is gathered and condensed and returns and drips down.
Καὶ οὕτως ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς βαλανείοις τοῖς ἁλμυροῖς ἐστὶν ὕδωρ γλυκύ.
And thus in all salty baths there is sweet water.
Αἱ τοίνυν βοτάναι αἱ φυόμεναι ἐν τοῖς ὕδασι τοῖς ἁλυκοῖς οὐκ ὀφείλουσιν ἔχειν πληθυσμὸν διὰ τὴν ξηρότητα.
Therefore, the plants growing in salty waters ought not to have abundance because of dryness.
§2.3.8Καὶ γὰρ τὸ φυτὸν δύο δεῖται, ὕλης λέγω καὶ τόπου, τῇ ἰδίᾳ φύσει ἁρμοζόντων.
For the plant also needs two things, I mean matter and place, fitting its own nature.
Ὅταν γοῦν τὰ τοιαῦτα δύο παρῶσιν ὁμοῦ, προκόπτει τὸ φυτόν.
Therefore, when such two are present together, the plant prospers.
Ὅταν δὲ εὕρωμεν ὕλην πορρωτάτω τῆς εὐκρασίας, ἐπικενῆς ἐστίν· ἐμποδὼν γάρ ἐστι τῷ εἶναι τὸ ἐν τόπῳ εἶναι μὴ εὐκραεῖ.
But when we find matter furthest from the good temperature, it is in vain; for being in a place not well-tempered is an obstacle to existence.