§3.9.7τῆς δὲ ἐν κώλοις λέξεως ἡ μὲν διῃρημένη ἐστὶν ἡ δὲ ἀντικειμένη, διῃρημένη μὲν, οἷον
πολλάκις ἐθαύμασα τῶν τὰς πανηγύρεις συναγαγόντων καὶ τοὺς γυμνικοὺς ἀγῶνας καταστησάντων
, ἀντικειμένη δέ, ἐν ᾗ ἑκατέρῳ τῷ κώλῳ ἢ πρὸς ἐναντίῳ ἐναντίον σύγκειται ἢ ταὐτὸ ἐπέζευκται τοῖς ἐναντίοις, οἷον
ἀμφοτέρους δʼ ὤνησαν, καὶ τοὺς ὑπομείναντας καὶ τοὺς ἀκολουθήσαντας· τοῖς μὲν γὰρ πλείω τῆς οἴκοι προσεκτήσαντο, τοῖς δʼ ἱκανὴν τὴν οἴκοι κατέλιπον
· ἐναντία ὑπομονὴ ἀκολούθησις, ἱκανὸν πλεῖον. ὥστε καὶ τοῖς χρημάτων δεομένοις καὶ τοῖς ἀπολαῦσαι βουλομένοις
· ἀπόλαυσις κτήσει ἀντίκειται.
Of the style in cola, one kind is divided and the other antithetical. Divided is such as: "I have often wondered at those who brought together the panegyrics and established the athletic contests." Antithetical is that in which, in each of the two cola, either opposite is set against opposite, or the same is yoked with opposites, as for example: "They benefited both, both those who remained behind and those who followed; for to the latter they acquired more than what they had at home, and for the former they left what was sufficient at home." Here "remaining behind" and "following" are opposites, as are "sufficient" and "more." "So that both for those needing wealth and for those wishing to enjoy it." Enjoyment is opposed to acquisition.
καὶ ἔτι
συμβαίνει πολλάκις ἐν ταύταις καὶ τοὺς φρονίμους ἀτυχεῖν καὶ τοὺς ἄφρονας κατορθοῦν
. εὐθὺς μὲν τῶν ἀριστείων ἠξιώθησαν, οὐ πολὺ δὲ ὕστερον τὴν ἀρχὴν τῆς θαλάττης ἔλαβον
. πλεῦσαι μὲν διὰ τῆς ἠπείρου, πεζεῦσαι δὲ διὰ τῆς θαλάττης, τὸν μὲν Ἑλλήσποντον ζεύξας, τὸν δʼ Ἄθω διορύξας. καὶ φύσει πολίτας ὄντας νόμῳ τῆς πόλεως στέρεσθαι. οἱ μὲν γὰρ αὐτῶν κακῶς ἀπώλοντο, οἱ δʼ αἰσχρῶς ἐσώθησαν. καὶ ἰδίᾳ μὲν τοῖς βαρβάροις οἰκέταις χρῆσθαι, κοινῇ δὲ πολλοὺς τῶν συμμάχων περιορᾶν δουλεύοντας. ἢ ζῶντας ἕξειν ἢ τελευτήσαντας καταλείψειν. καὶ ὃ εἰς Πειθόλαόν τις εἶπεν καὶ Λυκόφρονα ἐν τῷ δικαστηρίῳ,
οὗτοι δʼ ὑμᾶς οἴκοι μὲν ὄντες ἐπώλουν, ἐλθόντες δʼ ὡς ὑμᾶς ἐώνηνται
. ἅπαντα γὰρ ταῦτα ποιεῖ τὸ εἰρημένον.
And further: "It often happens in these situations that both the wise fail and the foolish succeed." "They were immediately deemed worthy of the prize of valor, and not much later they received the empire of the sea." "To sail through the mainland and to march through the sea, by bridging the Hellespont and digging through Athos." "And being citizens by nature, to be deprived of it by the law of the city." "For some of them perished miserably, and others were saved disgracefully." "And privately to use barbarians as servants, but publicly to overlook many of the allies being enslaved." "Either to have them living, or to leave them behind dead." And what someone said against Peitholaus and Lycophron in the court: "These men sold you when you were at home, but having come to you, they have bought you." For all these produce the aforementioned effect.
§3.9.8ἡδεῖα δὲ ἐστὶν ἡ τοιαύτη λέξις, ὅτι τἀναντία γνωριμώτατα καὶ παρʼ ἄλληλα μᾶλλον γνώριμα, καὶ ὅτι ἔοικεν συλλογισμῷ· ὁ γὰρ ἔλεγχος συναγωγὴ τῶν ἀντικειμένων ἐστίν.
This kind of style is pleasant, because opposites are most easily known, and more so when placed side by side, and because it resembles a syllogism; for refutation is a bringing together of opposites.
§3.9.9ἀντίθεσις μὲν οὖν τὸ τοιοῦτον ἐστίν, παρίσωσις δʼ ἐὰν ἴσα τὰ κῶλα, παρομοίωσις δὲ ἐὰν ὅμοια τὰ ἔσχατα ἔχῃ ἑκάτερον τὸ κῶλον·
Such, then, is antithesis. It is parisosis if the cola are equal, and paromoiosis if each colon has similar extremities.
ἀνάγκη δὲ ἢ ἐν ἀρχῇ ἢ ἐπὶ τελευτῆς ἔχειν, καὶ ἐν ἀρχῇ μὲν ἀεὶ τὰ ὀνόματα, ἐπὶ δὲ τελευτῆς τὰς ἐσχάτας συλλαβὰς ἢ τοῦ αὐτοῦ ὀνόματος πτώσεις ἢ τὸ αὐτὸ ὄνομα·
It is necessary to have this similarity either at the beginning or at the end. At the beginning, it is always words, but at the end, it is the final syllables, or cases of the same word, or the same word itself.
ἐν ἀρχῇ μὲν τὰ τοιαῦτα,
ἀγρὸν γὰρ ἔλαβεν ἀργὸν παρʼ αὐτοῦ
,
"
δωρητοί τʼ ἐπέλοντο παράρρητοί τʼ ἐπέεσσιν· "
ἐπὶ τελευτῆς δέ
ᾠήθης ἂν αὐτὸν οὐ παιδίον τετοκέναι, ἀλλʼ αὐτὸν παιδίον γεγονέναι
,
ἐν πλείσταις δὲ φροντίσι καὶ ἐν ἐλαχίσταις ἐλπίσιν
. πτώσεις δὲ ταὐτοῦ
ἀξιοῖ δὲ σταθῆναι χαλκοῦς, οὐκ ἄξιος ὢν χαλκοῦ; ταὐτὸ δʼ ὄνομα
σὺ δʼ αὐτὸν καὶ ζῶντα ἔλεγες κακῶς καὶ νῦν γράφεις κακῶς
. ἀπὸ συλλαβῆς δέ
τί ἂν ἔπαθες δεινόν, εἰ ἄνδρʼ εἶδες ἀργόν; ἔστιν δὲ ἅμα πάντα ἔχειν ταὐτό, καὶ ἀντίθεσιν εἶναι τὸ αὐτὸ καὶ πάρισον καὶ ὁμοιοτέλευτον.
At the beginning, such as: "For he received from him an uncultivated field." "They were bribable by gifts and persuadable by words." At the end: "You would have thought that he had not begotten a child, but had himself become a child." "In the greatest anxieties and in the fewest hopes." Cases of the same word: "Does he claim to be set up in bronze, who is not worth a copper coin?" The same word: "You spoke ill of him while he lived, and now you write ill of him." From a syllable: "What terrible thing would you have suffered, if you had seen a lazy man?" It is possible to have all these at the same time, and for the same thing to be an antithesis, a parisosis, and a homoioteleuton.
αἱ δʼ ἀρχαὶ τῶν περιόδων σχεδὸν ἐν τοῖς Θεοδεκτείοις ἐξηρίθμηνται.
The beginnings of periods have been almost fully enumerated in the Theodectea.
§3.9.10εἰσὶν δὲ καὶ ψευδεῖς ἀντιθέσεις, οἷον καὶ Ἐπίχαρμος ἐποίει,
"
τόκα μὲν ἐν τήνων ἐγὼν ἦν, τόκα δὲ παρὰ τήνοις ἐγών. "
There are also false antitheses, such as Epicharmus used to make: "At one time I was in their house, at another time I was with them."